Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patients with hyperlipaemia, serum paraoxonase activities were polymodally distributed with 75% individuals in the low activity mode. In the same patients the distribution of serum cholinesterase activities was unimodal, but asymmetrical. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had slightly higher cholinesterase activities than patients with hyperlipaemia only.
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PMID:Serum paraoxonase and cholinesterase activities in individuals with lipid and glucose metabolism disorders. 839 41

Signaling through activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) has been shown to regulate the axial formation and the development of foregut-derived organs such as the pancreas in mice. Here, we provide genetic evidence that ActRIIB and Smad2 genes cooperatively regulated asymmetrical patterning of the thoracic organs and pancreas development in mice. The loss of one allele of Smad2 on ActRIIB-/- background resulted in the increased severity of ActRIIB-/- phenotypes, including right pulmonary isomerism and complex cardiac malformations, and resulted in 100% frequency of death soon after birth. Of interest, 14% of compound heterozygous ActRIIB+/- Smad2+/- mice exhibited the ActRIIB-/- phenotypes and died soon after birth. In the pancreas, hypoplastic islets were found not only in ActRIIB-/- but also in Smad2+/- mice. A more severe phenotype was also found in ActRIIB+/- Smad2+/- mice. As well, these mutant mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance in a gene dosage-sensitive manner. This genetic evidence strongly suggested that ActRIIB and Smad2 function in the same signaling pathway to regulate axial patterning and pancreas islet formation by means of a threshold mechanism.
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PMID:Genetic interactions between activin type IIB receptor and Smad2 genes in asymmetrical patterning of the thoracic organs and the development of pancreas islets. 1784 40