Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrical correlates of differential appetitive classical conditioning were recorded in the neural network that underlies feeding in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. In spaced training (15 trials over 3 days), the lips and the tentacle were used as CS+ (reinforced conditioned stimulus) or CS- (nonreinforced conditioned stimulus) sites for behavioral tactile conditioning. In one group of experimental animals, touch to the lips (the CS+ site) was followed by sucrose (the unconditioned stimulus, US), but touch to the tentacle (the CS- site) was not reinforced. In a second experimental group the CS+/CS- sites were reversed. Semi-intact lip-tentacle-CNS preparations were made from both experimental groups and a naive control group. Intracellular recordings were made from the B3 motor neuron of the feeding network, which allowed the monitoring of activity in the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons as well as early synaptic inputs evoked by the touch stimulus. Following successful behavioral conditioning, the touch stimulus evoked CPG-driven fictive feeding activity at the CS+ but not the CS- sites in both experimental groups. Naive snails/preparations showed no touch responses. A weak asymmetrical stimulus generalization of conditioned feeding was not retained at the electrophysiological level. An early excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) response to touch was only enhanced following conditioning in the Lip CS+/tentacle CS- group but not in the Tentacle CS+/lip CS- group. The results show that the main features of differential appetitive classical conditioning can be recorded at the electrophysiological level, but some characteristics of the conditioned response are selectively expressed in the reduced preparation.
 ...
PMID:Selective expression of electrical correlates of differential appetitive classical conditioning in a feeding network. 1115 9

Lip augmentation is practiced with increasing frequency by cosmetic practitioners using a variety of different filling substances. Often the result is less than optimal, with a duckbill lip that only serves to discourage other patients from asking for lip enhancement. The authors will present a simple technique to enhance or augment the lip by injecting almost vertically from the white roll, rather than injecting parallel to the lip contour. This fashion of lip enhancement is called "lip tenting." It is a simple way to have optimal control over both shape and volume in enhancement, especially in patients with asymmetrical lips, lip pockets and in those who require correction from previous suboptimal lip augmentation. Moreover, the aesthetic result obtained by this technique is a more natural appearance of the lip than frequently achieved using conventional methods.
 ...
PMID:Lip tenting: a simple technique for better lip enhancement. 2048 Aug 1