Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conjugate gaze paresis was investigated in 436 patients who had suffered a severe stroke and were consecutively hospitalized for unilateral hemispheric damage. Gaze paresis was found in 120 and was associated with a high mortality, severe neurological impairment, and was more frequent in women. However, conjugate gaze paresis was also dependent on the side and locus of the lesion. It was more frequent, severe, and long-lasting in patients with right-sided brain damage. Moreover, it was preponderantly associated with post-Rolandic lesions in patients with right-sided brain damage and with involvement of the entire territory of distribution of the Sylvian artery in those with left-sided brain damage. This suggests that oculomotor centers have an asymmetrical organization in the two hemispheres, diffuse on the left and focalized on the right. It also explains why visual neglect occurs more frequently following right-sided brain damage.
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PMID:Conjugate gaze paresis in stroke patients with unilateral damage. An unexpected instance of hemispheric asymmetry. 710 96

A noninvasive method for the determination of stroke volume which can be applicable even to a heart contracting asymmetrically is desired. The momentum of blood ejected from heart will be divided into 2 forms; the one is that of blood running away distally and the other is the momentum of the aortic root. SV is estimated by an equation; SVa0 = kXD2XVao1/2XAOT, where D is the diameter of the aortic root, Vao is the mean velocity of the systolic movement of anterior wall, and AOT is the duration of the valve opening of the aortic leaflets. A good correlation was found between SVao and SV measured by the thermodilution method (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). Since the parameters used in the present method are not affected directly by the mode of cardiac contraction; symmetrical or asymmetrical, it may be useful to determine SV in man.
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PMID:Stroke volume estimated at aortic root in M-mode echocardiography. 723 May 18

Using the 133-Xenon inhalation technique, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and hemispheric blood flow (HBF) were determined serially in 45 patients with acute stroke undergoing pharmacologic trials and in 8 transient ischemic attacks (TIA) schedules for superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses. Both patient populations had lower blood flow than a control group of similar ages. Patients in both populations with lateralized clinical signs demonstrated an asymmetry in HBF which corresponded to their clinical signs. In the stroke population, the trend we expected over time toward development of asymmetrical HBF as the non-infarcted hemisphere recovered from diaschisis did not appear.
Stroke
PMID:Concordance of inhalation rCBFs with clinical evidence of cerebral ischemia. 723 62

By analyzing time-activity curves over selected brain regions, following intravenous administration of non-diffusible radionuclide, it is possible to assess regional arm-brain mean transit time (rABmtT). By evaluating this parameter in normal subjects a relatively small range of differences between asymmetrical regions can be found (0.30 +/- 0.14 sec, mean +/- SD). An increase of this difference above statistical limits was found in 82% of patients with acute complete stroke, in 56% of patients with chronic complete stroke in 21% of patients with transient ischemic attacks.
Stroke
PMID:Regional arm-brain mean transit time in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cerebral vascular disease. 723 73

A 47-year-old patient had lesser development of her left limbs and face, smaller left vascular structures, and severe occlusive disease of the left internal carotid, left subclavian, left vertebral and left iliac arteries. In 12 examples of occlusion of a carotid artery, 10/11 with unequal vascular luminal size had the occlusion on the smaller side. Of 20 patients with severe asymmetrical carotid stenosis, 13/17 with unequal size had more stenosis on the smaller side. These preliminary observations suggest that a small vessel may be more likely to occlude than its larger counterpart.
Stroke
PMID:Extrancranial occlusive vascular disease: does size matter? 735 32

A comparison of the major cerebral arteries between humans and rats shows many similarities, including anomalies in their general organization, the structure of these vessels at the light and electron microscope levels and their morphological changes associated with cerebral vascular diseases. The general organization of the major cerebral arteries shows the following main differences between humans and rats. In rats, the internal carotid arteries have become an integral part of the circle of Willis. In the anterior cerebral arteries, a common variation in humans is the underdevelopment of one of the two arteries, whereas in rats, buttonhole-like structures are common in one or both arteries. The anterior communicating artery present in humans is absent in rats. The olfactory artery is prominent in rats, but absent in humans. The posterior communicating artery in humans is the most variable component of the circle of Willis, being asymmetric in its origin, diameters and branches. Similarly, the posterior cerebral arteries in rats often exhibit asymmetrical origin from the basilar artery. There was some confusion in the literature regarding the name of the posterior cerebral arteries in rats, but this was caused mainly by misquotations and incorrect interpretations of the papers. In humans, most aneurysms occur in the anterior half of the circle of Willis, and the incidence is higher in females than males; the middle cerebral artery is most often the one to become occluded, and the vertebral arteries are common sites for thrombosis. The various channels that constitute collateral circulation in humans provide a margin of safety, so that in case of cerebral occlusion due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis, or vasospasm related to hemorrhage, blood supply to the affected area can be maintained through these collaterals. Collateral circulation is also present in rats. However, in rats, information on the presence of various types of aneurysms, their location and frequency in normal and experimental models of hypertension and stroke is still lacking. Cerebral arteries from humans and rats are characterized by the absence of external elastic lamina, as compared with systemic arteries. A type of multipolar cell resembling the interstitial cell of Cajal is present in the cerebral arteries of humans. Its function is unknown. Earlier reports of cerebral valves have been shown to represent intimal cushions near the branching points of the cerebral arteries. Intravascular bridges present in human cerebral arteries, have not been reported in rats. Finally, the presence of vascular remodeling, as found in the cerebral arterioles of hypertensive rats, remains to be established in the cerebral arterioles of human hypertensives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphology of cerebral arteries. 763 Sep 27

Mechanical methods of quantifying gait are more sensitive to change than is direct clinical inspection. To assess gait parameters and patterns of patients with stroke, and the temporal changes of these parameters, a foot-switch gait analyzer was used to test 49 ambulatory patients with stroke and 24 controls. Patients walked significantly slower than controls, with decreased cadence, increased gait cycle, and increased time in double limb support. Patients' hemiplegic limbs spent more time in swing and stance when compared to controls; their unaffected limbs spent significantly more time in stance and single limb support compared to controls. Patients' hemiplegic side, when compared with the unaffected side, spent less time in stance and more time in swing. A flatfoot pattern was typically noted on the affected side. General gait parameters improved over time, with the largest changes occurring in the first 12 months. However, the percentage of time spent in double and single limb support, stance and swing, parameters which describe the asymmetrical pattern of gait, did not change over time. Abnormal gait was due to difficulty in moving the body over an unstable limb. Gait analysis can be of importance in documenting abnormalities and determining the effects of therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Gait parameters following stroke: a practical assessment. 776 Feb 64

The purpose was to study vertical ground reaction force feedback and dynamic knee extensor training used to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body weight distribution while rising and sitting down. Sixteen healthy subjects and 51 stroke patients participated in the studies. Two vertical strain gauge force transducers attached to two force-measuring platforms were used to measure body weight distribution over the lower limbs. An auditory feedback device, specially developed for training body weight distribution on the paretic leg, employed two electronic balances sensing vertical forces from each foot, separately. Torque of maximal voluntary eccentric and concentric knee extensor and flexor actions at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 deg/s was recorded with an isokinetic dynamometer together with surface electrodes from the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. When instructed to rise with even body weight on each lower limb, the stroke patients loaded the paretic leg more than when rising habitually, indicating that stroke patients have a latent motor capacity. Stroke patients' own estimations on visual analogue scales of body weight distributed on the paretic leg correlated with measured loading of the paretic leg in rising. After six weeks of training with auditory feedback of vertical ground reaction forces in the acute phase after stroke, the patients improved their loading of the paretic leg compared to a control group. The patients distributed body weight over the lower limbs nearly symmetrically while rising and while sitting down. The peak torque was not greater, however, than in the control group, rising with an asymmetrical body weight distribution. This implies that the patients after feedback training were better at using the knee extensor torque of the paretic leg to attain symmetrical body weight distribution over the lower extremities. Changes in improvement of physical performance and sitting to standing were greater than in the control group. No differences between groups were seen in performance of activities of daily living. Body weight distribution over the limbs in rising and in sitting down was re-tested on average 33 months after end of training. The symmetrical weight distribution after feedback training was not maintained over time. Knee extensor strength improved after six weeks of eccentric and concentric training, starting on average 27 months after stroke. The increase in strength was related to enhanced activation of agonist EMG activity. Eccentric training seems to be superior to concentric training with reference to a) improved body weight distribution over the lower limbs in rising, to b) increased knee extension torque and to c) increased agonist EMG activity without a concomitant, augmented EMG activity of the antagonistic knee flexor muscles. It was concluded that stroke patients have a latent motor capacity, that six weeks auditory feedback training promotes symmetrical body weight distribution which, however, is not consistent over time and that isokinetic eccentric training is superior to concentric training with reference to weight distribution in rising, knee extension torque and EMG activity.
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PMID:Rising and sitting down in stroke patients. Auditory feedback and dynamic strength training to enhance symmetrical body weight distribution. 788 33

'Arteriosclerotic' parkinsonism is still a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parkinsonism associated with basal ganglia lacunes possesses peculiar clinical features and a clinical course which enables its distinction from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). 106 consecutive ambulatory patients with the clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism were referred for CT examination. Patients in whom isolated basal ganglia lacunes were found were interviewed and examined, and their clinical characteristics were compared to those of patients suffering from IPD without lacunes (controls). In 20 patients, isolated basal ganglia lacunes were detected; all had risk factors for stroke (significantly more than controls) and 7 of them had had clinically diagnosed strokes. The extrapyramidal disability evolved slowly in all. The clinical picture was indistinguishable from IPD in individual patients. However, tremor was significantly less frequent in this group. Lower body parkinsonism was not observed. Extra-pyramidal signs were frequently asymmetrical (55%), with no consistent relationship to the side of the lacune. Asymmetrical pyramidal signs were present in 30% of those with unilateral lacunes, always on the appropriate side. Only 1 patient was an L-dopa nonresponder. Patients with parkinsonism associated with basal ganglia lacunes showed tremor less frequently than other IPD patients; otherwise, clinical features and course of the disease were indistinguishable from IPD. In these cases, parkinsonism and basal ganglia lacunes might have occurred independently of each other and tremor might have been prevented by ischemic events.
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PMID:Basal ganglia lacunes and parkinsonism. 801 63

The two sides of the brain may be differently involved in the modulation of immune responses as demonstrated by lesional and behavioral approaches in rodents. Lesions of right or left neocortex induced opposite effects on various immune parameters including mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 production, macrophage activation or natural killer cell activity. This animal model, useful to elucidate whereby the brain and the immune system can communicate, appears to be suitable for studying the immune perturbations observed during stroke in humans. Brain asymmetry in modulation of immune reactivity may also be demonstrated in intact animal using a behavioral paradigm. The direction of a lateralized motor behavior ie paw preference in a food reaching task, correlated with an asymmetrical brain organization, was shown to be associated with lymphocyte reactivity, natural killer cell activity and auto-antibody production. The association between paw preference and immune reactivity in mice varies according to the immune parameters tested and is a sex-dependent phenomenon in which genetic background may be involved. The experimental models for investigating asymmetrical brain modulation of the immune system should be useful for studying several physiological, pathological and genetic aspects of neuroimmunomodulation.
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PMID:Brain lateralization and immunomodulation. 808 21


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