Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various types of disorders of the cervical region may produce headache. In many of these increased tension of the neck musculature plays an important role. The following mechanisms underlying headache are described and differentiated: 1. Headache due to faulty muscle pattern (stereotype) resulting in overstrain of the upper fixators of the shoulder girdle (upper part of the m.trapezius and levator scapulae); faulty respiration with the aid of the upper auxillary muscles even at rest is pointed out. 2. A forward drawn head position producing static overstrain in the posterior neck muscles and compensatory retroflexion of the cranio-cervical junction resulting in blockage in this region. 3. Anteflexion and ligament pain mainly due to faulty position at work and jolting. 4. Static disturbance in the frontal plain due to obliquity producing asymmetrical strain in the neck musculature. 5. Increased muscular tension due to psychological stress. 6. Blockage in the regions of the cervical spine, shoulder girdle and upper ribs with reflex muscular spasm. 7. Reflex spasm of the neck musculature in visceral disorders causing in addition blockage of the cervico-thoracic junction (heart, gall bladder). 8. Pain arising from the posterior arch of the atlas (here described for the first time). 9. Headache due to vertebral artery involvement. The type of headache seems to be determined rather by the individual mode of reaction than by the mechanism underlying it. As a rule a combination of mechanisms is actually found.
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PMID:[Pathomechanisms of cervical headaches]. 60 87

In the present study, in vivo voltammetry was used to monitor changes in dopamine levels in the left and right medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to mild physical and psychological stress. These were 2 min of tail-pinch and 15 min exposure to cat odour, respectively. Fourteen male Long Evans rats with bilateral carbon fibre recording electrodes were tested on four consecutive days, and records obtained in each medial prefrontal cortex for each stressor. A week later, animals underwent a 20 min restraint stress, with plasma samples taken at 0, 20 and 80 min to determine stress-induced corticosterone responses. It was found that dopamine responses to tail-pinch were significantly longer-lasting in the left hemisphere than in the right, while this asymmetry was not present for the dopamine response to cat odour. Stress-induced dopamine increases elicited by the two stressors were significantly correlated only in the right medial prefrontal cortex. Restraint stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were positively correlated with dopaminergic responses to tail-pinch, but were only related to dopamine cat odour responses when individual asymmetries favoured the right medial prefrontal cortex. The data suggest that asymmetric mesocortical dopamine activation depends on the type of stress, and that regulation of dopamine responses to both types of stress is most tightly coupled in the right hemisphere. While neuroendocrine and dopaminergic stress responses are positively linked, this relationship is only asymmetrical for the psychological stressor, suggesting a specialized role for right cortical mechanisms in the integration of emotional and physiological responses to stressful situations. A preliminary report of this work was presented at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Washington DC, November, 1996.
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PMID:Relationships between stress-induced increases in medial prefrontal cortical dopamine and plasma corticosterone levels in rats: role of cerebral laterality. 946

Temporal information about food availability can be easily entrained, as in the case of fixed feeding routines of captive animals. A sudden unintentional or deliberate delay (e.g., food deprivation-FD) leads to frustration and psychological stress due to the loss of temporal predictability. How marmosets-an increasingly used small primate-process and respond to FD stress has not been previously assessed. Here we delayed the routine feeding of adult captive marmosets for 3 or 6 h. Blood cortisol concentration was used as a hormonal measure of the stress response. Changes in the left/right baseline tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) were used as an indirect ipsilateral indicator of hemisphere activity. Marmosets that were deprived for 3 h had higher cortisol levels than non-deprived controls. Cortisol concentration in the marmosets deprived for 6 h did not differ from controls possibly due to adaptative mechanisms against the detrimental effects of prolonged high cortisol levels. Interestingly, FD stress may have been processed more symmetrically at first, as indicated by the bilateral increase in TMT at the 3 h interval. As the event progressed (i.e., 6 h), a clear rightward TMT bias suggests that hemisphere activity had become asymmetrical. Therefore, the sudden loss of temporal predictability of an entrained routine feeding schedule induces time-dependent changes in the cortisol stress response and shifts in the TMT (and potentially hemisphere activity) lateralization bias of adult captive marmosets.
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PMID:Time-Dependent Changes in Cortisol and Tympanic Temperature Lateralization During Food Deprivation Stress in Marmoset Monkeys. 3276 32