Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH-IR) and methionine-enkephalin like immunoreactivity (MetE-IR) were analyzed in the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) of the rat from birth (PO) to adulthood. TH-IR labeled specifically the dopaminergic (DA) pericellular arrangements of the LSN, as checked by negative dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase-IR. TH-IR and Met-IR processes were present at birth in the medial LSN and extended lateralwards and caudalwards from P0 to P6 to constitute two main DA terminal fields (medial and lateral) surrounding a MetE one. Within these fields, the development of perineuronal baskets followed a similar medial to lateral sequence: DA axons first surrounded a few neuronal cell bodies at P3 in the medial part of the intermediate LSN; at P6, Met-IR axons encircled more laterally located perikarya, and only at P9, some neurons located along the ventricle in the lateral DA field became surrounded. The initial aspect of TH-IR baskets consisting of few axons surrounding the cell body rapidly evolved in a positive network encapsulating the perikaryon and long segments of the proximal dendrites, whereas MetE-IR varicosities remained restricted around the perikaryon and the initial dendritic segments. Ultrastructural study at P14 revealed numerous TH-IR and MetE-IR axosomatic and axodendritic profiles. TH-IR axosomatic varicosities exhibited asymmetrical synapses, whereas MetE-IR ones displayed rare symmetrical contacts. The medio-lateral gradient of development of the perineuronal baskets was parallel to the postnatal neuronal development of the LSN as evaluated by cytological criteria: neuronal density, cell size and Nissl staining. Therefore, the formation of DA and MetE perineuronal arrangements in the LSN does not seem to be subordinate to the nature of the neurotransmitter they contain but related to the level of differentiation of their target neurons. A similar sequential set-up in the development of afferences paralleling the neuronal differentiation is discussed.
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PMID:Postnatal sequential development of dopaminergic and enkephalinergic perineuronal formations in the lateral septal nucleus of the rat correlated with local neuronal maturation. 289 20

The long term goal of this work is to understand synaptogenesis in homologous regions of the cerebral cortex, i.e. a whisker barrel. Hemispheres of aldehyde perfused mice, at various ages from P6 to P65 (DOB = P0; three each), were osmicated and sectioned at 40 microns parallel to the pia. Barrels were identified, mapped and measured in sections through mid-level layer IV, and then embedded for electron microscopy. The main findings were: (1) Cell bodies and large diameter dendrites thin out in barrel hollows from P6 to P8. (2) Degeneration occurs primarily from P6 to P11, peaking on P8. (3) Single synapses from narrow, tubular axons predominate before P14; afterwards, multiple synapses from bag-like terminals increase in number. (4) The number of spines increases dramatically between P9 and P12. (5) Asymmetrical and symmetrical synapses occur at all ages studied; their junction lengths are not significantly different at any age. (6) Asymmetrical synapse density increases rapidly from P6 to P8, slowly from P9 to P.12, sharply between P13 and P14 along with patterned whisking, slowly to P20 and drops in adults. (7) Synapses onto spiny and non-spiny stellate cell bodies increase markedly from P10 to P20. (8) Changes in density of asymmetrical synapses in neuropil and of symmetrical synapses on spiny stellate cell bodies follow similar sequences but the sequence in neuropil is 72 h earlier. (9) When barrel size is taken into account, synaptogenesis is monotonic, increasing sharply in the second postnatal week followed by a slower increase into adulthood.
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PMID:A survey of morphogenesis during the early postnatal period in PMBSF barrels of mouse SmI cortex with emphasis on barrel D4. 924 27

Na(+),K(+)-ATPase contributes to the asymmetrical distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane and to maintenance of the membrane potential in many types of cells. Alterations in this protein may play a significant role in many human neurological disorders, including epilepsy. We studied expression of the alpha3 isoform of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in the freeze lesion (FL) microgyrus model of developmental epileptogenesis to test the hypothesis that it is downregulated following neonatal cortical injury. FL and sham-operated rat brains were examined at postnatal day (P)7, P10, P14, P21-28 and P50-60 after placement of a transcranial freeze lesion at P0 or P1. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to assess the expression of the alpha3 isoform of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (termed alpha3, or alpha3 subunit below) in neuropil and the perisomatic areas of pyramidal cells and parvalbumin-containing interneurons. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in alpha3 subunit immunoreactivity (IR) in the neuropil of FL cortical layer V of the P14 and P21-28 groups that extended up to 360 mum from the border of the microgyrus, an area that typically exhibits evoked epileptiform activity. Alpha-3 was decreased in the perisomatic area of pyramidal but not parvalbumin-containing cells in P21-28 FL animals. A reduction in alpha3 mRNA was observed in the neuropil of FL cortical layer V up to 1610 mum from the microgyral edge. The developmental time course for expression of the alpha3 subunit between P7 and P60 was examined in naive rat cortices and results showed that there was a significant increase in alpha3 IR between P7 and P10. The significant decreases in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in the paramicrogyral cortex may contribute to epileptogenesis.
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PMID:Temporal and topographic alterations in expression of the alpha3 isoform of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the rat freeze lesion model of microgyria and epileptogenesis. 1936 29