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Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (asymmetrical)
 12,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression is a common psychiatric problem associated with epilepsy. Interictal depressive symptoms are more frequent and severe in epileptic patients than in subjects with comparable chronic neurologic diseases or physical handicaps. Epileptic depression was characterized as major or dysthymic: bipolar depression is rarely described. Several Authors are of opinion that interictal depression is more frequent in epileptics with temporal lobe foci and, in particular, with temporal left hemisphere lesions. The pathogenetic significance of depression in epileptics is unclear. Some suggest the hypothesis that depression represents behavioral effects of neurochemical responses to brain injury for asymmetrical hemispheric distribution of neural substrate for mood. We think that depression in epileptic patients does not represent a psychological reaction to a particular cognitive or physical impairment, but it is in some way related to the type of epilepsy. In addition, some antiepileptic drugs may have psychotropic effects: the most positive findings were associated with carbamazepine.
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PMID:Mood disorders in epilepsy. 845 97

We studied 31 consecutive patients with temporal and extratemporal epilepsy who underwent presurgical evaluation with stereotaxic depth EEG (SEEG) to assess the relationships between amygdalo-hippocampal (AM-HF) atrophy and the location of SEEG seizure onset and SEEG interictal abnormalities. Scalp EEG recordings with sphenoidal electrodes had shown bitemporal ictal or interictal epileptic abnormalities in all. Patients underwent high quality MRI scans, including MRI volumetric measurements of mesial temporal structures. None had foreign tissue lesions. The final conclusions of the SEEG investigation coincided with the lateralization obtained by MRI volumetric measurements in the eight patients who had significant unilateral atrophy of the amygdala, hippocampus or both (> 2 SD below the mean of controls). In these patients with unilateral atrophy, all or > 75% of clinical seizures originated from the atrophic side. The seven patients with bilateral, but significantly asymmetrical, mesial atrophy had bilateral seizure onsets with > 70% originating from the more atrophic side in four, from the less atrophic side in two, and without predominance in one. The one patient with severe bilateral symmetrical atrophy had seizures originating equally from both sides. Five patients had no atrophy on MRI, but depth electrodes revealed predominant unilateral ictal temporal onsets in four of them. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of SEEG interictal spikes and the amount of AM-HF atrophy. However, we found a significant correlation between the severity of SEEG background disturbance in AM and HF and the degree of atrophy of these structures. Patients with unilateral atrophy were more frequently free of seizures after surgery than those with bilateral or no atrophy (P < 0.05). We conclude that unilateral mesial atrophy predicts ipsilateral mesial SEEG seizure onset despite bitemporal extracranial EEG foci. However, in patients with significant bilateral mesial atrophy, SEEG seizures may originate from either side, even in the presence of significant asymmetry. Finally, the identification of unilateral mesial atrophy has prognostic importance.
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PMID:Significance of mesial temporal atrophy in relation to intracranial ictal and interictal stereo EEG abnormalities. 881 94

The effect of bilateral motor cortical (MC) kindling on subsequent unilateral ventral hippocampal (VHIPP) kindling was studied in four cats with the corpus callosum (CC) intact and five cats with the CC bisected, compared with nine cats with unilateral VHIPP kindling. Subsequent VHIPP kindling in CC-intact cats resulted in the modified development of limbic seizures to ipsilateral, not contralateral, focal motor seizures in one of four cats, significantly greater seizure regressions from generalized convulsive seizure stage to earlier seizure stages and delayed onset of focal motor seizures and generalized convulsions in partial onset generalized convulsions. CC bisection reduced the degree of seizure regression from generalized convulsive seizure stage to earlier stages, facilitated the development of the last limbic seizure to the first generalized convulsive seizure, accentuated hemiconvulsions and asymmetrical generalized convulsions and delayed the onset of generalized convulsions in partial onset generalized convulsions. The modified seizure development was also induced in three of five CC-bisected cats. Results indicate that bilateral MC kindling induces inhibitory effects on subsequent unilateral VHIPP kindling and the modified ictal progress from the VHIPP to the contralateral hemispheric motor structures and also that CC bisection interferes with the bilateralization and synchronization of convulsions, but reduces the inhibition of previously established MC kindling against VHIPP kindling and facilitates the development of focal motor seizures to secondarily generalized convulsions.
Epilepsy Res 1997 Jul
PMID:Effect of motor cortical kindling on subsequent ventral hippocampal kindling and the role of the corpus callosum in the cat. 925 94

Motor cortical (MC) kindling was carried out in 12 adult cats, seven with the corpus callosum (CC) intact and five with the CC bisected, to study interhemispheric transfer effects and the effect of callosal bisection on both seizure development and interhemispheric transfer effects. MC kindling developed from partial motor seizures to partial onset generalized convulsions. Interhemispheric negative transfer effect, but not positive, existed in secondary site kindling and primary site retest of the CC-intact group, as shown by: (i) electroencephalographically lateralized seizure development in the stimulated hemisphere; (ii) delayed generalization of partial onset generalized convulsions; and (iii) a markedly unstable generalized convulsive seizure state. The CC-bisected group showed: (i) significantly delayed seizure development from partial motor seizure stage to generalized convulsive seizure stage in primary and secondary kindling; (ii) facilitated intrahemispheric seizure development; (iii) the diminution of interhemispheric negative transfer effect; (iv) modified generalized convulsions showing extremely asymmetrical generalized convulsions shifting from contralaterally dominant convulsions to ipsilaterally dominant ones (n = 2) or alternate generalized convulsions changing from contralateral hemiconvulsions to ipsilateral ones (n = 3). The results obtained suggest that the CC plays a major role in interhemispheric seizure propagation as well as interhemispheric negative transfer effects in MC kindling and may have suppressive effect on intrahemispheric motor seizure development in MC kindling. However, interhemispheric seizure propagation and interhemispheric negative transfer effects were mediated via other structures, possibly subcortical structures, when the CC was bisected.
Epilepsy Res 1997 Sep
PMID:Effect of callosal bisection on seizure development and interhemispheric transfer effects in feline motor cortical kindling. 926 75

Previous studies have demonstrated formation of recurrent excitatory circuits between sprouted mossy fibers and granule cell dendrites in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (9, 28, 30). In addition, there is evidence that inhibitory nonprincipal cells also receive an input from sprouted mossy fibers (39). This study was undertaken to further characterize possible target cells for sprouted mossy fibers, using immunofluorescent staining for different calcium-binding proteins in combination with Timm histochemical staining for mossy fibers. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with kainic acid in order to induce epileptic convulsions and mossy fiber sprouting. After 2 months survival, hippocampal sections were immunostained for parvalbumin, calbindin D28k, or calretinin followed by Timm-staining. Under a fluorescent microscope, zinc-positive mossy fibers in epileptic rats were found to surround parvalbumin-containing neurons in the granule cell layer and to follow their dendrites, which extended toward the molecular layer. In addition, dendrites of calbindin D28k-containing cells were covered by multiple mossy fiber terminals in the inner molecular layer. However, the calretinin-containing cell bodies in the granule cell layer did not receive any contacts from the sprouted fibers. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that typical Timm-positive mossy fiber terminals established several asymmetrical synapses with the soma and dendrites of nonpyramidal cells within the granule cell layer. These results provide direct evidence that, in addition to recurrent excitatory connections, inhibitory circuitries, especially those responsible for the perisomatic feedback inhibition, are formed as a result of mossy fiber sprouting in experimental epilepsy.
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PMID:Characterization of target cells for aberrant mossy fiber collaterals in the dentate gyrus of epileptic rat. 927 41

In this paper we search for hypotheses on association between the memory quotient and 13 clinical variables examined in a sample of 214 epilepsy patients. We introduce the General Unary Hypotheses Automaton (GUHA) method that automatically generates hypotheses from empirical data by means of computer procedures. Procedure ASSOC of the program GUHA generates and evaluates the hypotheses on symmetrical association or asymmetrical association using quantifiers. The most used symmetrical and asymmetrical quantifiers of the ASSOC procedure are introduced. Data analysis on epileptic patients using the GUHA method is done and the results are presented. We propose a new interpretation of the results including a graphical presentation.
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PMID:Analysis of data about epileptic patients using the GUHA method. 929 Oct 20

A girl with hypomelanosis of Ito was studied both clinically and at postmortem examination. She manifested severe epilepsy early after birth. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated left-sided hemimegalencephaly. The seizures were secondarily generalized or unilateral initially, followed by infantile spasms with asymmetrical hypsarrhythmia at 1.5 months of age. Frequent complex partial seizures, refractory to anti-epileptic drug treatments appeared at 4 months of age. She died of pneumonia at the age of 14 months. Postmortem examination revealed marked asymmetry of the cerebrum and gyral abnormalities in the left cerebral hemisphere. Histopathologically, severe disorganization of the neuronal cytoarchitecture was evident. Absence of delineation between cortical gray and white matter was evident, as was increase and hypertrophy of the neurons and glial cells. We believe that the association of skin and brain lesions was not one of chance; that is, they may share a common pathogenetic mechanism.
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PMID:Hypomelanosis of Ito associated with hemimegalencephaly: a clinicopathological study. 936 4

Generalised 3 Hz spike wave (SW) discharges with or without absences have been described in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), leading to speculations about a continuum between childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and BECTS. We thus decided to evaluate the prevalence of absence seizures (AS) and generalised 3 Hz SW in patients with BECTS. All patients with BECTS first referred since 1986 have been identified prospectively. Their medical and electroencephalograph (EEG) records were analysed retrospectively, in the search for AS and generalised SW discharges. Over a period of 11 years, we found typical rolandic spikes in 66 newly referred patients; 64 had seizures typical for the condition (18 female, 46 male), two were asymptomatic and were not further analysed. All had routine waking EEG recordings, and 49 children (76%) had at least one sleep EEG. AS or classical generalised 3 Hz SW were never recorded from history or EEG data, respectively. However, 17 patients had some diffuse SW discharges, lasting 1-5 s, which appeared as grossly symmetrical in only seven children, with a clearly asymmetrical aspect in the others. Among these seven patients, the discharges were only seen on awakening in one, both during waking and nREM sleep stage I or II in one and only during nREM sleep stage I or II in five. They were apparently subclinical in all. We thus found neither AS nor classical 3 Hz SW discharges among 64 consecutive patients with BECTS. Brief bursts of bilateral abnormalities occur in about 25% of the cases, mostly with sleepiness. Such findings do not substantiate the existence of a continuum between CAE and BECTS.
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PMID:Are there generalised spike waves and typical absences in benign rolandic epilepsy? 1048 73

A 43-year-old, right-handed woman experienced right hand paresthesias and a visual field abnormality. We attributed her symptoms to psychiatric abnormalities, due to the presence of delusions and auditory hallucinations. Upon photostimulation, she experienced left visual field hallucinations and demonstrated slow waves on the right parieto-occipital regions. The clinical and electro-encephalographic findings suggested that these episodes were epileptic seizures originating from the right occipital region. Ictal fear appeared at the end of the seizure, reflecting the spread of seizure activity to the mesial temporal region. Ictal SPECT images showed hyper-perfusion in the right occipital region and left cerebellar cortex. rCBF in the occipital lobe was significantly asymmetrical. When we encounter an epileptic patient with psychosis who has a visual hallucination, we should consider the possibility of epileptic seizure originating from the occipital lobe.
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PMID:[Ictal visual hallucination intermittent photic stimulation: using evaluation of the clinical findings, ictal EEG, ictal SPECT, and rCBF]. 1051 57

This report describes the observations of two patients with a several years' history of multiple sclerosis who presented sudden neurologic impairment. The symptomatology was suggestive of a non-convulsive partial status epilepsy. The clinical presentation was a paroxysmal dysphasic phenomenon in the first case without any consciousness impairment, associated with slight right hemiparesis. Electroencephalographic investigations revealed asymmetrical patterns, left-sided slow waves and periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Antiepileptic treatments were partially effective and intravenous steroids were needed for complete recovery. For the second patient, clinical presentation was acute psychiatric symptoms with disorientation, alternating manic symptomatology and mutism. Electroencephalography showed left fronto-central rhythmic continuous slow wave and spike wave activity. Intravenous antiepileptic treatment quickly improved the symptomatology. These observations draw attention to the fact that an epileptic cause should not be ruled out when a patient with multiple sclerosis presents sudden neurologic or psychiatric impairment. An early diagnosis allows immediate antiepileptic treatment. Intravenous steroids can be added to stop seizures.
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PMID:[Partial non-convulsive status epilepsy in multiple sclerosis]. 1067 21


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