Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UNIPROT:P50583 (
asymmetrical
)
12,197
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Bilateral symmetry is a striking feature of the vertebrate body plan organization. Vertebral precursors, called somites, provide one of the best illustrations of embryonic symmetry. Maintenance of somitogenesis symmetry requires retinoic acid (RA) and its coactivator Rere/Atrophin2. Here, using a proteomic approach we identify a protein complex, containing Wdr5, Hdac1, Hdac2 and Rere (named WHHERE), which regulates RA signaling and controls embryonic symmetry. We demonstrate that Wdr5, Hdac1, and Hdac2 are required for RA signaling in vitro and in vivo. Mouse mutants for Wdr5 and Hdac1 exhibit
asymmetrical
somite formation characteristic of RA-deficiency. We also identify the Rere-binding
histone methyltransferase
Ehmt2/G9a, as a RA coactivator controlling somite symmetry. Upon RA treatment, WHHERE and Ehmt2 become enriched at RA target genes to promote RNA polymerase II recruitment. Our work identifies a protein complex linking key epigenetic regulators acting in the molecular control of embryonic bilateral symmetry.Retinoic acid (RA) regulates the maintenance of somitogenesis symmetry. Here, the authors use a proteomic approach to identify a protein complex of Wdr5, Hdac1, Hdac2 that act together with RA and coactivator Rere/Atrophin2 and a
histone methyltransferase
Ehmt2 to regulate embryonic symmetry.
...
PMID:The WHHERE coactivator complex is required for retinoic acid-dependent regulation of embryonic symmetry. 2895 17
Polyploidy occurs in some animals and all flowering plants, including important crops such as wheat. The consequences of polyploidy in crops remain elusive, partly because their progenitors are unknown. Using two resynthesized wheat allotetraploids S
l
S
l
AA and AADD with known diploid progenitors, we analyzed mRNA and small RNA transcriptomes in the endosperm, compared transcriptomes between endosperm and root in AADD, and examined chromatin changes in the allotetraploids. In the endosperm, there were more non-additively expressed genes in S
l
S
l
AA than in AADD. In AADD, non-additively expressed genes were developmentally regulated, and the majority (62-70%) were repressed. The repressed genes in AADD included a group of
histone methyltransferase
gene homologs, which correlated with reduced histone H3K9me2 levels and activation of various transposable elements in AADD. In S
l
S
l
AA, there was a tendency for expression dominance of S
l
over A homoeologs, but the
histone methyltransferase
gene homologs were additively expressed, correlating with insignificant changes in histone H3K9me2 levels. Moreover, more 24-nucleotide small inferring RNAs (siRNAs) in the A subgenome were disrupted in AADD than in S
l
S
l
AA, which were associated with expression changes of siRNA-associated genes. Our results indicate that
asymmetrical
changes in siRNAs, chromatin modifications, transposons and gene expression coincide with unstable AADD genomes and stable S
l
S
l
AA genomes, which could help explain the evolutionary trajectories of wheat allotetraploids formed by different progenitors.
...
PMID:Asymmetrical changes of gene expression, small RNAs and chromatin in two resynthesized wheat allotetraploids. 2926 31
