Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P50502 (Hip)
 7,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although using a cane contralaterally has been shown to reduce muscular activity across the hip joint, little is known about effects on the knee. We measured muscular activity around the knee in 10 able-bodied subjects. We simultaneously recorded integrated rectified surface electromyographic activity from the right quadriceps, medial and lateral hamstrings, gastrocnemius and hip abductors during various standing maneuvers: two-legged stance, unsupported one-legged stance and one-legged stance putting maximal, moderate (20% body weight) or minimal (10% body weight) force through an ipsilateral or contralateral cane. Electromyographic activity was expressed as the percentage of that recorded during unsupported one-legged stance in each muscle. Hip abductor activity was lowest when maximal weight was placed through a contralateral cane (66%) and highest with maximal weight ipsilaterally (424%). Medial hamstrings activity increased by 404% and 200%, respectively, when maximal and moderate force was applied to a contralateral cane, although there was no change with ipsilateral cane. Lateral hamstrings were also most active during contralateral cane use. Quadriceps activity decreased using a cane in either hand with moderate or minimal force (range 57 to 84%). Gastrocnemius activity decreased during contralateral (60 to 66%) and ipsilateral (75 to 96%) cane use. This data suggests that forces generated by muscular activity around the knee are not uniformly diminished by holding a cane in the contralateral hand and may even be increased.
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PMID:Contralateral v ipsilateral cane use. Effects on muscles crossing the knee joint. 162 82

The relationship between serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and concentration of the ACE inhibitor enalaprilat was determined in vitro in the presence of different concentrations (S = 4-200 mM) of the substrate Hip-Gly-Gly. From Henderson plots, a competitive tight-binding relationship between enalaprilat and serum ACE was found yielding a value of approximately 5 nM for serum ACE concentration (Et) and an inhibition constant (Ki) for enalaprilat of approximately 0.1 nM. A plot of reaction velocity (Vi) versus total inhibitor concentration (It) exhibited a non-parallel shift of the inhibition curve to the right with increasing S. This was reflected by apparent Hill coefficients greater than 1 when the commonly used inhibitory sigmoid concentration-effect model (Emax model) was applied to the data. Slopes greater than 1 were obviously due to discrepancies between the free inhibitor concentration (If) present in the assay and It plotted on the abscissa and could, therefore, be indicators of tight-binding conditions. Thus, the sigmoid Emax model leads to an overestimation of Ki. Therefore, a modification of the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model (called "Emax tight model") was applied, which accounts for the depletion of If by binding, refers to It and allows estimation of the parameters Et and IC50f (free concentration of inhibitor when 50% inhibition occurs) using non-linear regression analysis. This model could describe the non-symmetrical shape of the inhibition curves and the results for Ki and Et correlated very well with those derived from the Henderson plots. The latter findings confirm that the degree of ACE inhibition measured in vitro is, in fact, dependent on the concentration of substrate and enzyme present in the assay. This is of importance not only for the correct evaluation of Ki but also for the interpretation of the time course of serum ACE inhibition measured ex vivo. The non-linear model has some advantages over the linear Henderson equation: it is directly applicable without conversion of the data and avoids the stochastic dependency of the variables, allowing non-linear regression of all data points contributing with the same weight.
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PMID:The role of enzyme and substrate concentration in the evaluation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by enalaprilat in vitro. 165 95

The new ACE inhibitor trandolapril was administered to normal volunteers at daily doses of 0.5, 2, and 8 mg for 10 days. Twenty-one volunteers, aged 21-30 years, were included in the study. To randomly selected groups of seven subjects, each dose was administered in a single-blind fashion. None of the doses induced a consistent fall in blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (ACE) was measured in vitro using three different synthetic substrates (i.e., Hip-Gly-Gly, Z-Phe-His-Leu, or angiotensin I). Although the degree of ACE inhibition assessed with the three methods varied widely, all methods clearly indicated dose-dependent ACE inhibition. These in vitro results were confirmed by measuring ACE inhibition in vivo using the ratio of plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) to blood angiotensin I (ANG I). The dose-dependent ACE inhibition was paralleled by a dose-dependent rise in active renin and blood angiotensin I levels, most evident on day 10. In contrast, plasma ANG II levels on day 10 were not different whether the volunteers received 0.5 or 8 mg trandolapril. Thus, whereas increasing doses of this new ACE inhibitor progressively enhanced the blockade of ACE activity, this was not reflected by additional reductions of plasma ANG II levels. The progressive enhancement of ACE inhibition seemed to be offset by the accentuation of the compensatory rise in renin and ANG I, which was still partially converted to ANG II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reactive hyperreninemia is a major determinant of plasma angiotensin II during ACE inhibition. 168 24

High-frequency persistence to the lethal effects of inhibition of either DNA or peptidoglycan synthesis, the Hip phenotype, results from mutations at the hip locus of Escherichia coli K-12. The nucleotide sequence of DNA fragments which complement these mutations revealed an operon consisting of a possible regulatory region, including sequences with modest homology to an E. coli promoter, and two open reading frames which are translated both in vitro and in vivo. The stop codon of a 264-bp open reading frame, hipB, and the start codon of a 1,320-bp open reading frame, hipA, share an adenine residue. Assays of promoter strength, the location of the probable promoter with respect to the start of transcription, and codon usage all indicate that hipB and hipA are weakly expressed genes. The activity of the promoter is impaired by an adjacent downstream sequence which includes the coding region of hipB. The impairment is partially relieved by insertion of a premature translation termination signal within the coding region of hipB, suggesting involvement of the HipB protein in the regulation of this promoter. The arrangement of hipB and hipA within the operon and the toxicity of hipA for strains defective in or lacking hipB suggest an important interaction between the products of these genes.
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PMID:Structure and organization of hip, an operon that affects lethality due to inhibition of peptidoglycan or DNA synthesis. 171 62

A comprehensive system has been developed for analyzing and reporting the results of total hip arthroplasty. The personal-computer-based system links patient demographic data with digital storage, retrieval, and analysis of roentgenographs. The system consists of a roentgenograph scanner for converting sheet film to digital data, an optical mark reader for patient data input, an archiving system with optical storage, and a physician display station for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation. Once a roentgenograph has been digitized and stored, the image can be retrieved and manipulated in a manner not possible with the original sheet film. A selected roentgenograph can be brought to full or enlarged scale, enhanced, and overlaid with templates for preoperative planning or for postoperative measurement of changes. In addition, an intelligent database system has been developed for linking patient demographic information with the roentgenographic data. The database system employs uniform criteria and terminology and allows the retrospective study and statistical analysis of comparable cases. Three machine-readable code sheets are used: Form A, Replacement of the Hip; Form B, Hip Prosthesis Reoperation; and Form C, Follow-up. Forms A and B contain information concerning anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative course, recovery, and discharge of the patient from the hospital. Form C provides information on physical examination, pain, mobility of the hip, walking ability, and evaluation of the results by the surgeon as well as the patient.
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PMID:Automated scanning and digitizing of roentgenographs for documentation and research. 172 95

To evaluate the role of local bone mineral density (BMD) in the etiology of hip fractures, we measured the hip BMD using dual photon absorptiometry in 29 females who had recently suffered a hip fracture associated with minimal or moderate, but not major, trauma and compared their BMD to those of 14 young normal females, 58 early postmenopausal normal females, 13 age-matched normal females, and 114 spinal osteoporotic females without a hip fracture. Hip-fractured patients had a BMD significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than that of all other studied groups, suggesting that a low hip BMD is associated with hip fracture risk. A femoral neck BMD below 0.75 g/cm2 suggests an increased likelihood for developing a hip fracture. Peak BMD was measured at 1.03 g/cm2, a value comparable to published normative data. Thus, a loss in hip BMD of approximately 30% from peak mineral density appears necessary before a hip fracture may occur after moderate trauma.
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PMID:Hip mineral density in females with a recent hip fracture. 173 Aug 13

We reviewed 55 patients with mid-lumbar myelomeningocele (L3 and L4) first seen over a 17-year period from 1970 to 1986 and followed up for an average of ten years. We assessed a number of factors which might affect hip stability and ability to walk, recording the natural history of clinical and radiological hip deformity. Two-thirds of the hips had become dislocated or subluxed by the end of the first year of life, involving 86% of hips in patients with an L3 level and 45% of those with an L4 level. All the hips that developed instability secondary to muscle imbalance did so within the first year. The neurological level was the most significant determinant of walking ability: all patients with L4 neurological levels could walk but only one-third of those with L3 lesions could do so. Hip stability, intelligence quotient and fixed deformity did not influence walking ability.
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PMID:The unstable hip and mid-lumbar myelomeningocele. 173 45

We followed 386 children who met the criteria for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) an average of 89 months. Hip involvement in JRA results in poor functional capacity. The prognosis for the pauciarticular group is good, but patients with onset at age greater than 6 years appear to do worse than those aged less than 6 years. In the polyarticular group, age of onset did not change the prognosis, whereas the systemic-onset group aged less than 6 years had a worse prognosis and more frequent radiographic changes than the older group.
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PMID:Hip involvement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 173 94

Mutations affecting the pro alpha 1(I) or pro alpha 2(I) collagen genes have been identified in each of the major clinical types of osteogenesis imperfecta. This study reports the presence of a heritable connective tissue disorder in a family with an osteopenic syndrome which has features of mild osteogenesis imperfecta but was considered idiopathic osteoporosis in the proband. At age 38, while still premenopausal, she was found to have osteopenia, short stature, hypermobile joints, mild hyperelastic skin, mild scoliosis, and blue sclerae. There was no history of vertebral or appendicular fracture. Hip and vertebral bone mineral density measurements were consistent with marked fracture risk. Delayed reduction SDS-PAGE of pepsin-digested collagens from dermal fibroblast cultures demonstrated an anomalous band migrating between alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III). This band merged with the normal alpha-chains upon prereduction, indicating an unexpected cysteine residue. Cyanogen bromide peptide mapping suggested that the mutation was in the smaller NH2-terminal peptides. cDNA was reverse transcribed from mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. A basepair mismatch between proband and control alpha 1(I) cDNA hybrids was detected by chemical cleavage with hydroxylamine:piperidine. The cysteine substitution was thus localized to alpha 1(I) exon 9 within the cyanogen bromide 4 peptide. Nucleotide sequence analysis localized a G----T point mutation in the first position of helical codon 43, replacing the expected glycine (GGT) residue with a cysteine (TGT). The prevalence of similar NH2-terminal mutations in subjects with this phenotype which clinically overlaps idiopathic osteoporosis remains to be determined.
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PMID:An osteopenic nonfracture syndrome with features of mild osteogenesis imperfecta associated with the substitution of a cysteine for glycine at triple helix position 43 in the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen. 173 47

Thirty-five total joint arthroplasties (34 patients) were performed in patients who had protrusio acetabuli. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had acetabular protrusio of grade I, while 71% had grade II and grade III protrusio. The mean follow up was 4 years (range: 3 to 9). Cemented acetabular components were used in 11 hips; 24 hips received an uncemented porous coated acetabular component. The patient evaluations included preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Ratings and standard radiographs. In all cases, the medial wall defect was reconstructed with the solid autogenous femoral head as described by Heywood. The mean preoperative Harris Hip Rating was 45 (range: 30 to 60 points), and the postoperative mean was 85 (range: 70 to 100 points). Radiographically, the preoperative protrusio measured a mean of 8.8 mm (range: 6 to 18 mm), and the mean postoperative placement of the femoral head was 10 mm lateral to Kohler's line (range: 6 to 13 mm). There were no acetabular component failures and no acetabular bone graft resorptions. All autogenous grafts were incorporated to the host radiographically by 1 year post-surgery. This study corroborates previous work which suggests that medial-placed bone grafting is not resorbed and consolidates with the host bone. We find this technique extremely useful in dealing with this technical problem.
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PMID:Total hip arthroplasty for protrusio acetabuli: a 3- to 9-year follow up of the Heywood technique. 173 6


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