Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P50502 (Hip)
 7,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The characteristic low "sitting" position of competitive speed skating has been shown to result in a right shifted heart rate-VO2 curve and elevated submaximal blood lactate values compared with running or cycling. This is thought to be a consequence of reduced blood flow and subsequent oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle while speed skating. Duel wavelength spectrophotometry was used to measure oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (OD) in the capillary bed of five muscle groups during in-line skating in upright (US) and low (LS) positions. Eight U.S. speed skaters (4 category 1) performed US and LS at 2.68 and 3.13 m.s-1 (4% grade) on a wide (2.44 m) treadmill (4 trials, 5 min each, 20 min recovery between trials). Expired gas parameters and blood lactate (LA) concentrations were determined for each trial. Hip and knee angles were measured (PEAK Motion Analysis) and were significantly different in US and LS. For similar oxygen uptake during US and LS (44.9 +/- 2.79, 45.6 +/- 3.52), heart rate and LA were significantly higher during LS (172 +/- 11 vs 179 +/- 10, 4.35 +/- 2.19 vs 8.70 +/- 3.60). Deoxygenation was significantly greater during LS than during US at both speeds and was greater at 3.13 m.s-1 (P < 0.05). OD was highly related to LA (r > 0.95) but not to whole body VO2. Blood volume change was less for LS than for US (P < 0.05). Increased deoxygenation in the capillary bed of the exercising quadriceps during LS versus US is consistent with the hypothesis that blood flow and subsequent O2 delivery is compromised in the low speed skating position.
 ...
PMID:Hemoglobin/myoglobin desaturation during speed skating. 904 31

We examined the effect of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) on gait and energy expenditure in children with spina bifida. Nine boys and three girls, 6 to 16 years of age, took part in the study. There were four children each with L4, L5, and sacral level lesions. Each child underwent gait analysis and energy consumption studies with and without AFOs. Walking speed was faster with AFOs (mean, 58 m/min) than without (mean, 50 m/min, p < 0.01). Stride length improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 0.89 m barefoot to 1.08 m with AFOs. Double support time was decreased from 0.32 seconds barefoot to 0.28 seconds with AFOs (p < 0.05). The oxygen cost of walking was significantly better with (0.33 mL/kg/m) than without AFOs (0.41 mL/kg/m, p < 0.001). Hip flexion at initial contact was increased. Ankle kinematics were unchanged, but ankle power generation showed a significant improvement; from 0.5 W/kg barefoot to 1.3 W/kg with AFOs. Increased ankle power generation results in improved hip flexion and stride length, which contributes to increased walking speed and reduced oxygen cost. The stability conferred by the AFOs is reflected in the reduced time spent in double support.
 ...
PMID:The influence of ankle-foot orthoses on gait and energy expenditure in spina bifida. 1082 4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training, strength training and their combination on joint range of motion of inactive older individuals. Thirty-two inactive older men (65 - 78 yr) were assigned to one of four groups (n = 8 per group): control (C), strength training (ST), cardiovascular training (CT), and combination of strength and aerobic training (SA). Subjects in the S, A, and SA trained three times a week for 16 weeks. ST included 10 resistance exercises for the major muscle groups at an intensity of 55 - 80% of 1-RM and CT included walking/jogging at 50 - 80 % of maximal heart rate. Body weight and height, physical activity level and maximal oxygen uptake (.VO(2)max) were measured before the training period. Isokinetic (60 and 180 deg x sec(-1)) and concentric strength (1-RM in bench and leg press) were assessed prior to and at the end of the training period. Hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, shoulder extension, flexion, and adduction, knee flexion, elbow flexion and sit-and-reach score were determined before and at 8 and 16 weeks of training. There were no differences between groups in .VO(2)max, body weight, and height (p < 0.05). ST and SA but not CT and C increased isokinetic and concentric strength at the end of the training period (p < 0.05). ST and SA increased significantly (p < 0.05) sit-and-reach performance, elbow flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and extension and hip flexion and extension both at mid- and post-training. CT increased (p < 0.05) only hip flexion and extension at post training. Results indicate that resistance training may be able to increase range of motion of a number of joints of inactive older individuals possibly due to an improvement in muscle strength.
 ...
PMID:The effects of strength training, cardiovascular training and their combination on flexibility of inactive older adults. 1184 58

This investigation was undertaken to examine the physiological and biomechanical responses during treadmill walking up various gradients in men and women. Groups of 11 men and 11 women took part in four experiments consisting of 8 min treadmill walks at 1.3 m.(-1) up gradients of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The subjects also underwent an anthropometric assessment during which their height, body mass (BM), percentage (%) body fat, lean body mass (LBM), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained. During exercise, each subject was videotaped during three walking cycles so that sagittal kinematics including stride length (SL) and frequency (SF) and ranges of motion achieved at the shoulder, hip and knee during a walking cycle could be determined using a motion analysis system. The motion capture was followed by a measurement of steady-state oxygen uptake (VO(2)) and heart rate (HR) using indirect calorimetry and a HR monitor. Compared to men, women were higher in % body fat, but lower in height, BM, LBM, and WHR. The VO(2) in millilitres per kilogram per minute and HR were similar between men and women at 0% and 5%, but greater in women than men at 10% and 15%. The SL and SF were greater and smaller, respectively, in men than women up all gradients. Shoulder extension was greater up gradients of 10% and 15% in women than men, whereas no sex difference in shoulder flexion was noted. Hip extension and flexion as well as knee flexion remained the same between men and women up all gradients. An inverse relationship was observed between VO(2) in millilitres per kilogram per minute and BM, LBM, and WHR when men and women were combined. In conclusion, the mass-specific metabolic cost of treadmill walking up high gradients is greater in women than men. Such an increase in relative metabolic cost may be attributable to the fact that women are smaller in size, and/or have relatively more BM distributed peripherally. This sex difference may also be due to a greater movement of the upper limbs in women during walking uphill, although direct evidence is needed to support this contention.
 ...
PMID:Physiological and biomechanical analysis of treadmill walking up various gradients in men and women. 1194 98

Hip fracture is a common pathology in elderly patients. Intercurrent diseases, mainly cardiac and respiratory, often result in significant morbidity and mortality. Anesthesia for hip fracture can be provided by general or regional techniques. The combination of a lumbar plexus and posterior sciatic nerve block represents an alternative to neuraxial technique of anaesthesia such as spinal anesthesia (4, 6). We report a case of acute toxicity resulting in the injection of local anesthetics Ropivacaine and Mepivacaine in elderly patient. An elderly woman was scheduled for surgical repair of a fractured femur neck by dynamic hip screw synthesis. Anesthesia was realized by peripheral nerve bi-block (lumbar plexus and posterior sciatic block) (7). The patient experienced seizures and dysrhythmias twenty minutes after block completion and injection of the anesthetic solution [Ropivacaine 0.75%, administered for lumbar plexus block performed via the posterior approach (WINNIE) and Mepivacaine 1.5%, administered for posterior sciatic nerve block (LABAT)]. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was successful. All signs of toxicity disappeared after injection of midazolam and atropine, intubation and 100% oxygen ventilation. We decided to proceed with surgery. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and made a full recovery.
 ...
PMID:Acute toxicity of local anesthetic ropivacaine and mepivacaine during a combined lumbar plexus and sciatic block for hip surgery. 1246 32

To assess sources of variation in nuclear transfer efficiency, bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF), harvested from six Jersey fetuses, were cultured under various conditions. After transfection, frozen-thawed lung or muscle BFF donor cells were initially cultured in DMEM in 5% CO(2) and air and some were transferred to MEM, with 5% or 20% O(2) or 0.5% or 10% serum and G418 for 2-3 wk. Selected clonal transfected fibroblasts were fused to enucleated oocytes. Fused couplets (n = 4007), activated with ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine, yielded 927 blastocysts, and 650 were transferred to 330 recipients. Fusion rate was influenced by oxygen tension in a fetus-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Blastocyst development was influenced in a number of ways. Hip fibroblast generated more blastocysts when cultured in MEM (P < 0.001). The influence of serum concentration was fetus dependent (P < 0.001) and exposing fibroblast to low oxygen was detrimental to blastocyst development (P < 0.001). Cells from two of the six fetuses produced embryos that maintained pregnancies to term, resulting in eight viable calves. Pregnancy rates 56 days after transfer for the two productive donor fetuses, was at least double that of other recipients and may provide a fitness indicator of BFF cell sources for nuclear transfer. We conclude that a significant component in determining somatic cell nuclear transfer success is the source of the nuclear donor cells.
 ...
PMID:Cell donor influences success of producing cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer. 1499 11

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that mediate adaptive responses to reduced oxygen availability. HIF-alpha subunits are stabilized under conditions of acute hypoxia. However, prolonged hypoxia leads to decay of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha protein levels by unknown mechanisms. Here, we identify Hsp70 and CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) as HIF-1alpha-interacting proteins. Hsp70, through recruiting the ubiquitin ligase CHIP, promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha, thereby inhibiting HIF-1-dependent gene expression. Disruption of Hsp70-CHIP interaction blocks HIF-1alpha degradation mediated by Hsp70 and CHIP. Inhibition of Hsp70 or CHIP synthesis by RNA interference increases protein levels of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha and attenuates the decay of HIF-1alpha levels during prolonged hypoxia. Thus, Hsp70- and CHIP-dependent ubiquitination represents a molecular mechanism by which prolonged hypoxia selectively reduces the levels of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha protein.
 ...
PMID:Hsp70 and CHIP selectively mediate ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha but Not HIF-2alpha. 1994 Jan 51

Carboxy terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is thought to be a cytoprotective protein with protein quality control roles in neurodegenerative diseases and myocardial ischemia. This study describes the localization of CHIP expression in normal rodent brain and the early CHIP response in primary cultures of cortical neurons following ischemic stress models: heat stress (HS) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). CHIP was highly expressed throughout the brain, predominantly in neurons. The staining pattern was primarily cytoplasmic, although small amounts were seen in the nucleus. More intense nuclear staining was observed in primary cultured neurons which increased with stress. Nuclear accumulation of CHIP occurred within 5-10 min of HS and decreased to baseline levels or lower by 30-60 min. Decrease in nuclear CHIP at 30-60 min of HS was associated with a sharp increase in delayed cell death. While no changes in cytoplasmic CHIP were observed immediately following OGD, nuclear levels of CHIP increased slightly in response to OGD durations of 30 to 240 min. OGD-induced increases in nuclear CHIP decreased slowly during post-ischemic recovery. Nuclear CHIP decreased earlier in recovery following 120 min of OGD (4 h) than 30 min of OGD (12 h). Significant cell death first appeared between 12 and 24 h after OGD, again suggesting that delayed cell death follows closely behind the disappearance of nuclear CHIP. The ability of CHIP to translocate to and accumulate in the nucleus may be a limiting variable that determines how effectively cells respond to external stressors to facilitate cell survival. Using primary neuronal cell cultures, we were able to demonstrate rapid translocation of CHIP to the nucleus within minutes of heat stress and oxygen-glucose deprivation. An inverse relationship between nuclear CHIP and delayed cell death at 24 h suggests that the decrease in nuclear CHIP following extreme stress is linked to delayed cell death. Our findings of acute changes in subcellular localization of CHIP in response to cellular stress suggest that cellular changes that occur shortly after exposure to stress ultimately impact on the capacity and capability of a cell to recover and survive.
 ...
PMID:Brain distribution of carboxy terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) and its nuclear translocation in cultured cortical neurons following heat stress or oxygen-glucose deprivation. 1995 50

Plastid-targeted proteins pass through the cytosol as unfolded precursors. If proteins accumulate in the cytosol, they can form nonspecific aggregates that cause severe cellular damage. Here, we demonstrate that high levels of plastid precursors are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. The cytosolic heat shock protein cognate 70-4 (Hsc70-4) and E3 ligase carboxy terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) were highly induced in plastid protein import2 plants, which had a T-DNA insertion at Toc159 and showed an albino phenotype and a severe defect in protein import into chloroplasts. Hsc70-4 and CHIP together mediated plastid precursor degradation when import-defective chloroplast-targeted reporter proteins were transiently expressed in protoplasts. Hsc70-4 recognized specific sequence motifs in transit peptides and thereby led to precursor degradation through the UPS. CHIP, which interacted with Hsc70-4, functioned as an E3 ligase in the Hsc70-4-mediated protein degradation. The physiological role of Hsc70-4 was confirmed by analyzing Hsc70-4 RNA interference plants in an hsc70-1 mutant background. Plants with lower Hsc70 levels exhibited abnormal embryogenesis, resulting in defective seedlings that displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and monoubiquitinated Lhcb4 precursors. We propose that Hsc70-4 and CHIP mediate plastid-destined precursor degradation to prevent cytosolic precursor accumulation and thereby play a critical role in embryogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Heat shock protein cognate 70-4 and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP, mediate plastid-destined precursor degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system in Arabidopsis. 2002 38

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether unilaterally operated total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients were superior to bilaterally operated THA patients with respect to aerobic endurance capacity, muscle strength and gait patterns 3-5 years after surgery, and to what extent medial femoral head offset (FO) influenced hip abductor strength. 10 unilaterally operated THA patients with normal FO (UNO), 10 bilaterally operated THA patients with normal FO (BNO) and 10 bilaterally operated THA patients with abnormal offset (BDO) participated in the study. Improved muscle strength in the healthy leg of the UNO did not result in differences compared to the BNO and the BDO in work efficiency, gait patterns or maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ) A reduced FO in the BDO did not result in lower hip abduction strength compared to the BNO. However, a correlation between reduced FO and low abduction strength was found in the BDO (r=0.866, p=0.001). Future focus should be on the quality of rehabilitation.
Hip Int
PMID:Unilateral vs. bilateral total hip arthroplasty - the influence of medial femoral head offset and effects on strength and aerobic endurance capacity. 2054 48


1 2 3 Next >>