Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P50502 (Hip)
 7,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoporosis in men is now recognized as an increasingly important public health issue. About 30 percent of hip fractures occur in men, and one in eight men older than 50 years will have an osteoporotic fracture. Because of their greater peak bone mass, men usually present with hip, vertebral body, or distal wrist fractures 10 years later than women. Hip fractures in men, however, result in a 31 percent mortality rate at one year after fracture versus a rate of 17 percent in women. Major risk factors for osteoporosis in men are glucocorticoid use for longer than six months, osteopenia seen on plain radiographs, a history of nontraumatic fracture, hypogonadism, and advancing age. Bisphosphonates and teriparatide (recombinant parathyhroid hormone) have recently been approved for use in men and should be considered along with supplemental calcium and vitamin D. Increased awareness by physicians of risk factors for male osteoporosis--and early diagnosis and treatment--are needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality resulting from osteoporotic fractures.
 ...
PMID:Osteoporosis in men. 1272 52

Aromatization of androgens by the CYP19 gene product, aromatase, is the major source of endogenous estrogen in postmenopausal women. We determined whether an Arg(264)Cys polymorphism in the CYP19 gene is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss in older women. Because vitamin D regulates CYP19 gene expression, we also tested for an interaction with a translation start site polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Hip BMD was measured twice, an average of 1.9 years apart, in 100 African-American women aged > or =65 years. Neither polymorphism alone was significantly associated with BMD or bone loss. BMD measurements in women with the less frequent allele at both loci were 0.5 to 1.3 SD lower than in women with neither or only a single rare allele (P <.001 for interaction). These women also experienced more rapid hip bone loss than other women (P <.05 for interaction). We conclude that VDR and CYP19 gene polymorphisms may jointly influence bone mass and the rate of bone loss in older African-American women.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin D receptor and aromatase gene interaction and bone mass in older African-American women. 1275 77

To explore whether there are ethnic differences in relationships among parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and bone mineral status, 352 healthy volunteers, 60-83 years old, were studied in Shenyang, Peoples' Republic of China (108 men, 110 women), and in Cambridge, UK (67 men, 67 women), in late winter. Early morning fasting blood and 2-h fasting urine were analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D), PTH, and free deoxypyridinoline (DPD). Hip bone mineral status was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar). There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in plasma 25OH-D and PTH concentrations between Shenyang and Cambridge [25OH-D nmol/L: Shenyang = 29.0 (SD 12.7), Cambridge = 35.7 (12.9)]; PTH ng/L: Shenyang = 34.3 (13.4), Cambridge = 25.2 (11.0)]. PTH was negatively related to 25OH-D in both populations. The relationship was exponential, best described by an inverse log-log equation with no break point (P < 0.001), indicating that the exponential curve did not tend toward a low plateau. PTH was higher for a given 25OH-D and decreased less with increasing 25OH-D in Shenyang than in Cambridge (country-ln25OH-D interaction, P = 0.0005). After adjusting for bone area, weight, height, age, and sex, hip bone mineral content (BMC) was significantly related to PTH concentration in Cambridge but not in Shenyang [femoral neck coefficient: Cambridge = -0.064 (SE 0.027), P = 0.02; Shenyang = -0.027 (0.028), P = 0.3; trochanter: Cambridge = -0.116 (0.034), P = 0.001; Shenyang = -0.019 (0.027), P = 0.5]. There was a significant country-lnPTH interaction at the trochanter (P = 0.02), but not at the femoral neck (P = 0.7). A weak positive association between BMC at the femoral neck and 25OH-D concentration was found in Cambridge [coefficient: 0.054 (0.028), P = 0.05] but not in Shenyang (coefficient: -0.013, P = 0.5; country-ln25OH-D interaction, P = 0.07). Urinary DPD concentration was also positively related to plasma PTH concentration in Cambridge subjects only [coefficient: 0.2 (0.08), P = 0.02]. These data suggest that although PTH increases when 25OH-D decreases, and Chinese people have a higher PTH for a given 25OH-D, older Chinese adults may be more resistant than Britons to the effects of PTH on bone.
 ...
PMID:Older people in China and the United Kingdom differ in the relationships among parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and bone mineral status. 1455 67

In postmenopausal women, the nonpharmacological prevention of osteoporotic fractures pursues the dual objective of minimizing bone loss and preventing falls. In women with a low fracture risk, optimizing the dietary intake of calcium is the main nutritional goal. Regular sustained physical activity should be encouraged. In older women, the high risk of proximal femoral fractures warrants a number of preventive measures, including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, correction of protein deficiency if needed, and minimization of the risk of falls. Hip protectors may be useful in institutionalized women at high risk for falls. These nonpharmacological measures should be part of a comprehensive customized management program used to complement standard pharmacological therapy.
 ...
PMID:Nonpharmacological prevention of osteoporotic fractures. 1466 52

Hip fractures can have a significant detrimental effect on morbidity and mortality. Medical and nonmedical management approaches both may be used to help decrease the risk of hip fracture. Medical management includes the use of antiresorptive agents such as the bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and anabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone, which strengthen bone. Nonmedical management includes fall prevention programs and hip protectors. Physicians caring for patients at risk for hip fracture should be cognizant of these management approaches to most effectively minimize fracture risk.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of hip fractures: medical and nonmedical management. 1511 31

Hip fracture is costly from both personal and public health perspectives. Major advances in understanding the risk factors for osteoporotic fracture and in developing strategies to reduce risk have occurred in recent years. Effective interventions to reduce hip fracture risk include vitamin D and calcium supplementation, antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates and possibly estrogen and the anabolic agent teriparatide, fall prevention strategies, and use of hip protectors. Current clinical practice regarding hip fracture prevention, however, leaves much to be desired. Primary care physicians seeing high-risk patients must identify and manage this risk. Radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and rehabilitation medicine physicians who diagnose and treat patients for fracture-a major risk factor for subsequent fracture-must refer patients for additional assessment and treatment to reduce risk. Appropriate risk factor assessment and use of current intervention strategies should markedly reduce the numbers of new fractures.
 ...
PMID:Patients with hip fracture: what can be improved? 1640 48

Hip fracture is among the most common causes of acute immobilization in elderly patients, and elderly patients with hip fracture are at high risk for a subsequent hip fracture. At baseline, both groups had high serum concentrations of ionized calcium, high urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentrations, suggesting immobilization-induced hypercalcemia. We previously showed deficiency of vitamins D and K(1) causes reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in female Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In a random and prospective study of AD patients, 100 patients received 45 mg menatetrenone, 1,000 IU ergocalciferol and 600 mg calcium daily for 2 years, and the remaining 100 (untreated group) did not. Treatment with MK-4 and vitamin D(2) with calcium supplements increases the BMD in elderly female patients with AD and leads to the prevention of nonvertebral fractures. The risk of hip fracture after stroke is 2 to 4 times as high as that in age-matched healthy controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for both ischemic stroke and osteoporotic fractures in elderly persons. Randomized, controlled, double-blinded study of 628 consecutive elderly hemiplegic patients at least 1 year following first ischemic stroke. Patients were assigned to daily oral treatment with 5 mg of folate and 1,500 microg of mecobalamin or double placebos, and 559 completed the 2 year follow up. Plasma homocysteine levels in the decreased by 38% in the treatment group and increased by 31% in the placebo group. The number of the hip fractures per 1,000 patient-years was 10 and 43 for the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (p<0.001). In this Japanese population with a high baseline fracture risk, combined treatment with folate and vitamin B(12) is safe and effective in reducing the risk of a hip fracture in elderly stroke patients. Because of limited study power, the relative risk reduction may only be around 0.5.
 ...
PMID:[Immobilization and hip fracture]. 1714 29

Hip fracture in the elderly is associated with increased mortality and disability. The rate of recovery of the pre-fracture functional or ambulatory level is less than 70%. Different intervention programs accelerate the recovery and decrease the mortality; these programs include early ambulation, recovery of the activities of daily living, muscle training and correction of malnutrition (protein supplements, vitamin D). Successful interventions concern patients able to walk with or without help before the fracture. Pre-fracture motor and not cognitive level is the most important predictive factor for motor recovery. The degree of involvement of the geriatric team and organization of the intervention play a major role in its efficacy.
 ...
PMID:[Rehabilitation of elderly patients after fracture]. 1768 94

Hip fracture after stroke is a frequently occurring and costly complication. The bone quality of stroke survivors is affected by decreased mobility, asymmetric weight bearing, and impaired vitamin D stores. Simultaneously, the risk of falling after stroke is often increased by various impairments. Yet, attempts to limit falls are not enough to prevent fractures. Closer attention to bone health is also needed. Bone markers, which reflect the dynamics of bone remodeling, are becoming more available. Activity is necessary for bone health, but there are no clear guidelines for the type and amount of therapeutic exercise. New metrics for studying bone mineral density and exercise are on the horizon. Finally, there appears to be a role for bisphosphonate prophylaxis in a yet-to-be-defined at-risk population of stroke survivors. The purpose of this review is to discuss the setting for hip fracture after stroke and assess emerging treatments and technologies that may be used to combat the problem.
 ...
PMID:Preventing hip fracture after stroke. 1769 59

We previously reported greater than average aBMD in adult Hutterites; however, it is unknown whether higher aBMD occurs at younger ages. We examined Hutterite children to test the hypotheses that aBMD Z-scores in younger (<15 years) Hutterite children would be similar to reference data; but greater in older children after they enter the adult workforce at age 15. A secondary aim was to determine lifestyle factors associated with bone measures among Hutterite children. Hip, femoral neck, and spine BMC and aBMD were measured in 323 Hutterite children aged 8 through 19 years: 186 (108 girls) were <15 years (younger) and 137 (87 girls) were >or=15 years (older). Anthropometric measurements and activity and dietary recalls were obtained. Overall, children were lighter (Z=-0.29+/-0.72 [mean+/-SD]), shorter (Z=-0.15+/-0.86, and had lower BMI's (Z=-0.27+/-0.70) than other South Dakota children residing in the same counties (all, p<or=0.002). Older girls and boys had higher percent time in moderate+vigorous activity (21+/-10% and 29+/-11% [mean+/-SD]) than younger girls and boys (15+/-10% and 18+/-10%, both p<0.001). Younger girls and boys had high hip aBMD Z-scores (0.30+/-1.0, 0.44+/-0.97; both greater than 0 at p<or=0.002). Younger males had low spine Z-score (-0.27+/-1.15, p=0.04). None of the Z-scores for the older ages were different from 0. Controlling for covariates, miles walked/day and grip strength were associated with greater hip bone area among girls (both, p<0.05). Grip strength was associated with hip and femoral neck BMC and hip aBMD among boys (all, p<0.05). Femoral neck bone area was inversely associated with calcium intake among boys (p<or=0.05), while higher hip BMC and spine BMC and aBMD were associated with increased vitamin D intake (all, p<or=0.05). Lean mass was an independent predictor of all bone measures, while fat mass was inversely associated with most measures of bone area. In summary, contrary to our hypothesis younger Hutterite children had greater hip aBMD Z scores than the normative DXA database, whereas older children did not. We speculate that high activity levels during the rapid growth phase leads to increased bone turnover and bone size; following bone consolidation later in young adulthood this will result in greater bone size and aBMD.
 ...
PMID:High bone density in young Hutterite children. 1909 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>