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Query: UNIPROT:P50502 (Hip)
 7,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hip radiograms made 15 to 25 years previously in 39 women were examined. These women were between 58 and 62 years old when the first radiogram was made, and all sustained cervical or trochanteric fracture of the upper end of the femur on an average of 14 years later. The trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur was classifed according to Singh, and the medial cortex of the femoral neck was measured and expressed as a fraction of the total width (femoral neck index). For comparison, the same information was collected from a control sample of films taken during the same period in women who did not sustain subsequent hip fracture. The cortex was thinner in women who later had hip fracture than in control women. Women with coxarthrosis had the highest cortical ratio. The trabecular pattern in women who later had hip fracture shifted in the direction of osteoporosis in comparison with the controls. It was not possible to predict from either measurement which hip would fracture or when fracture would occur. This study demonstrates that by using only simple measurements on hip radiograms, it might be possible to include in a sample of women selected for a therapeutic trial those who are likely to sustain hip fracture.
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PMID:Can fracture of the femoral neck be predicted? 84 96

Hip fractures are recognized to be a major public health problem in many Western nations, most notably those in North America, Europe and Oceania. Incidence rates for hip fracture in other parts of the world are generally lower than those reported for these predominantly Caucasian populations, and this has led to the belief that osteoporosis represents less of a problem to the nations of Asia, South American and Africa. Demographic changes in the next 60 years, however, will lead to huge increases in the elderly populations of those countries. We have applied available incidence rates for hip fracture from various parts of the world to projected populations in 1990, 2025 and 2050 in order to estimate the numbers of hip fractures which might occur in each of the major continental regions. The projections indicate that the number of hip fractures occurring in the world each year will rise from 1.66 million in 1990 to 6.26 million by 2050. While Europe and North America account for about half of all hip fractures among elderly people today, this proportion will fall to around one quarter in 2050, by which time steep increases will be observed throughout Asia and Latin America. The results suggest that osteoporosis will truly become a global problem over the next half century, and that preventive strategies will be required in parts of the world where they are not currently felt to be necessary.
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PMID:Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. 142 96

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fragility fracture, particularly in the femoral neck, vertebrae and radius. These fractures constitute a major public health problem in the Western world; the estimated annual cost to the health services of hip fracture alone is over 500 million pounds in the United Kingdom. Using population-based data from the USA, Cummings et al. have estimated that the lifetime risks of hip, vertebral and Colles' fractures in a 50 year old, white, postmenopausal woman are 16%, 32% and 15% respectively. Of these, vertebral fractures probably cause the most significant morbidity, since they occur at a younger age than hip fractures and may result in pain, deformity and disability for many years until death intervenes from other causes. Hip fractures occur most commonly in the eight and ninth decades of life and have a mortality at six months of around 15%, increased dependency occurring in the majority of survivors. Colles' fractures, although not usually associated with long-term morbidity, nevertheless cause considerable inconvenience and require hospital treatment.
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PMID:HRT and osteoporosis. 145 Aug 73

Mutations affecting the pro alpha 1(I) or pro alpha 2(I) collagen genes have been identified in each of the major clinical types of osteogenesis imperfecta. This study reports the presence of a heritable connective tissue disorder in a family with an osteopenic syndrome which has features of mild osteogenesis imperfecta but was considered idiopathic osteoporosis in the proband. At age 38, while still premenopausal, she was found to have osteopenia, short stature, hypermobile joints, mild hyperelastic skin, mild scoliosis, and blue sclerae. There was no history of vertebral or appendicular fracture. Hip and vertebral bone mineral density measurements were consistent with marked fracture risk. Delayed reduction SDS-PAGE of pepsin-digested collagens from dermal fibroblast cultures demonstrated an anomalous band migrating between alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III). This band merged with the normal alpha-chains upon prereduction, indicating an unexpected cysteine residue. Cyanogen bromide peptide mapping suggested that the mutation was in the smaller NH2-terminal peptides. cDNA was reverse transcribed from mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. A basepair mismatch between proband and control alpha 1(I) cDNA hybrids was detected by chemical cleavage with hydroxylamine:piperidine. The cysteine substitution was thus localized to alpha 1(I) exon 9 within the cyanogen bromide 4 peptide. Nucleotide sequence analysis localized a G----T point mutation in the first position of helical codon 43, replacing the expected glycine (GGT) residue with a cysteine (TGT). The prevalence of similar NH2-terminal mutations in subjects with this phenotype which clinically overlaps idiopathic osteoporosis remains to be determined.
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PMID:An osteopenic nonfracture syndrome with features of mild osteogenesis imperfecta associated with the substitution of a cysteine for glycine at triple helix position 43 in the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen. 173 47

Haemochromatosis (HC) is a group of phenotypically heterogeneous clinical syndromes, which may have a common molecular basis. Classical genetic haemochromatosis (GHC) is one of these syndromes and is a disorder of iron storage due to an increase in intestinal iron absorption, which results in progressive and massive iron deposition leading to fibrosis and organ malfunction. The liver, pancreas, heart and pituitary are commonly involved. There is a specific arthropathy and an association with osteoporosis. Clinically, the arthropathy may resemble rheumatoid arthritis, with acute attacks of inflammation associated with bilateral destruction of the metacarpophalangeal joints. However, bony joint swelling may occur, suggestive of osteoarthritis. Hip arthritis may be unduly severe and disabling. Haemochromatosis arthritis is composed of three radiographic categories: isolated chondrocalcinosis, hypertrophic osteoarthritis which is indistinguishable from pyrophosphate associated arthropathy, and disease specific changes such as subchondral radiolucency of the femoral head, hook-like osteophytes on the metacarpal heads and a degenerative predilection for the metacarpophalangeal joint rather than the scapholunate. The characteristic histological changes are: abnormal amounts of iron deposits, little or no signs of synovial inflammation and CPPD deposition. Subchondral radiolucency of the femoral head and atypical stripping of the cartilage from the subchondral bone are thought to be specific radiographic and histological changes of HC. The pathogenesis of HC arthritis has been associated with the presence of iron in joint tissue, a defect in cartilage metabolism and immunological dysfunction. Treatment has little effect on clinical, radiological or histological progression.
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PMID:Rheumatic manifestations of haemochromatosis. 175 88

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, micro architectural impairment of bone tissue, and a subsequent in crease in fracture risk. Fractures or the vertebrae and distal forearm, as well as the proximal femur, or hip fracture, are included. Hip fracture is associated with high mortality, morbidity and medical expenses. There is a dramatic increase in the incidence of hip fracture with age. Hip fracture incidence is 350 times higher in women aged 85 years and over comparatively to women between 35 and 44 years of age. In recent studies in Switzerland, it was observed that the annual age adjusted incidence rate of hip fracture was comparable with similar rates for white population in industrialized countries, although in men the rates were relatively high. Among the major risk factors for osteoporosis are age, female gender, white and Asian race, and menopause. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy reduces bone resorption. Family history of osteoporosis, frail constitution, as well as excessive alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, chronic insufficient nutritional calcium intake and physical inactivity are other risk factors. A cardinal element is the peak bone mass reached in the third or fourth decade of life. Independently of osteoporosis, falls are a key agent in fractures; several medical conditions and drugs increase the risk of falling. There is an enormous social and financial cost of osteoporosis; the annual cost of medical treatment only for hip fracture is close to Fr. 200 million in Switzerland. The burden of osteoporosis is likely to increase in the future because of the demographic aging of the population unless large scale preventive interventions are undertaken.
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PMID:[The epidemiology of osteoporosis]. 203 68

Hip fracture in patients under age 50 is rare, and is often not attributable solely to the energy of injury. Our aim was to determine if trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) is abnormal in young patients with hip fractures. We reviewed all hip fractures treated at our institution between 1979 and 1986 and contacted 20 patients under the age of 50 at the time of injury, all of whom wished to be studied. The mean age at the time of injury was 39 (range 24-47). Subjects were questioned for osteoporosis risk factors, classified by level of energy producing their injury, and then underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) bone densitometry of trabecular bone in the lumbar spine. Bone mineral density by QCT was below the mean for age in 90% of the patients, and was greater than 1 SD below the mean in 75%. Mean percentage BMD decrease from age-matched controls was 34% (P less than 0.005) in women and 19% (P less than 0.005) in men. There was an inverse correlation in the degree of BMD decrease and the energy level of injury. There was a direct correlation of the severity of BMD decrease and the cumulative number of osteoporosis risk factors. This investigation has found that 1-7 years following hip fracture, otherwise presumedly healthy young patients demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in spinal BMD from age/sex-matched controls. These data do not determine if osteopenia is the cause or the result of injury, nor do we wish to infer that measurement of bone density at one site can predict future fractures at other sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hip fractures in young patients: is this early osteoporosis? 210 51

More than a fifth of all females suffer from the risk to develop spinal osteoporosis. Hip fractures occur about 50,000 times per year in Federative Republic of Germany, about 1/3 in males and 2/3 in females. Estrogen deficiency is a risk factor of major importance for females; both sexes gain risk because of nutritional calcium deficiency and reduced mobility. Estrogen replacement therapy was proven to reduce the risk in females; and calcium supply reduces risk in both sexes. Therapy of developed spinal osteoporosis includes fluorides, calcium, vitamin D and calcitonin. No drug therapy has been developed so far for patients with senile osteoporosis and hip fractures.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis as a cause of pathological fractures]. 220 Nov 37

An interactive computer program was developed to derive femoral neck geometry from raw bone mineral image data for an estimate of hip strength using single plane engineering stress analysis. The program, which we call Hip Strength Analysis (HSA), was developed as an attempt to improve the predictive value of hip bone mineral data for osteoporosis fracture risk assessment. We report a series of experiments with an aluminum phantom and with cadaver femora, designed to test the accuracy of derived geometric measurements and strength estimates. Using data acquired with both Lunar DP3 (DPA) and Hologic QDR-1000 (x-ray) scanners, HSA computed femoral neck cross-sectional areas (CSA) and cross-sectional moments of inertia (CSMI) on an aluminum phantom were in excellent agreement with actual values (r greater than .99). Using Lunar DP3 data, CSA and CSMI measurements at mid-femoral necks of 22 cadaver specimens were in good general agreement with literature values. HSA computed cross-sectional properties of three of these specimens were compared with measurements derived from sequential CT cross-sectional images. Discrepancy between the two methods averaged less than 10% along the length of the femoral neck. Finally, breaking strengths of 20 of the femora were measured with a materials testing system, showing better agreement with HSA predicted strength (r = .89, percent standard of the estimate (%SEE) = 21%) than femoral neck bone mineral density (r = .79, %SEE = 28%).
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PMID:Predicting femoral neck strength from bone mineral data. A structural approach. 229 52

Caffeine increases urinary calcium output and has been implicated as a risk factor for osteoporosis. The authors examined the effect of caffeine on hip fracture risk in 3,170 individuals attending the 12th (1971-1973) Framingham Study examination. Coffee and tea consumption, age, Framingham examination number, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and estrogen use were used to evaluate hip fracture risk according to caffeine intake. Hip fractures occurred in 135 subjects during 12 years of follow-up. Fracture risk over each 2-year period increased with increasing caffeine intake (one cup of coffee = one unit of caffeine, one cup of tea = 1/2 unit of caffeine). For intake of 1.5-2.0 units per day, the adjusted relative risk (RR) of fracture was not significantly elevated compared with intake of one or less units per day. Consumption of greater than or equal to 2.5 units per day significantly increased the risk of fracture. Overall, intake of greater than two cups of coffee per day (four cups of tea) increased the risk of fracture. In summary, hip fracture risk was modestly increased with heavy caffeine use, but not for intake equivalent to one cup of coffee per day. Since caffeine use may be associated with other behaviors that are, themselves, risk factors for fracture, the association may be indirect. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Caffeine and the risk of hip fracture: the Framingham Study. 200 50


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