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Query: UNIPROT:P50502 (Hip)
 7,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, it has been shown that hip fractures can be effectively prevented by use of hip protectors. To determine who would gain most benefit from use of hip protectors, we conducted a study with the aim to clarify factors that contribute to the occurrence of fracture in individuals who fall on their hip. Hip fracture patients were compared with individuals who had fallen on their hip without sustaining a fracture. The study group consisted of 123 consecutive hip fracture patients aged 70 years or over (mean age 82 years, female 82 years and male 80 years). The control group comprised 132 individuals (mean age 81 years, female 81 years and male 80 years) obtained from a prospective study on falls, who had experienced a fall that caused a visible soft tissue injury (bruise or wound) at the hip or gluteal region without sustaining a fracture. Patients were questioned about associated diseases, medications, place of residence, walking ability, need for locomotor aids and some activities in daily living (ADL). Patients who sustained a hip fracture were more likely to be women, living in long-term institutional care, using neuroleptics, dependent in ADL and had more history of previous stroke with hemiparesis, more Parkinsonism and lower body mass indexes (BMI) than those who did not sustain a fracture on fall on the hip. According to a logistical regression model, institutional residence, low BMI and history of stroke with hemiplegic status differed between fracture cases and controls. Institutional residence, low BMI and history of hemiplegic stroke discriminate hip fracture patients from fallers who sustain a soft tissue injury on the hip region. In clinical practice, patients who have these characteristics would be potential candidates to use hip protectors and other preventive measures.
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PMID:Factors related to occurrence of hip fracture during a fall on the hip. 1280 1

Individuals with hemiparetic stroke often exhibit an abnormal coupling between the frontal plane of the hip and saggital plane of the knee during gait. The purpose of this study was to determine if stretch sensitive reflexes, which are known to be altered following stroke, exhibit similar coupling between the muscles of the hip and knee in the post-stroke population. Eighteen subjects were recruited for this study including ten with hemiparesis resulting from stroke and eight unimpaired, age-matched controls. A servomotor was used to apply ramp and hold perturbations to both the hip and knee joints in separate sessions and electromyographic activity was recorded in eight muscles of the lower limb. Hip abduction perturbations elicited abnormal activation in rectus femoris (RF) in seven of ten stroke subjects with amplitudes ranging from 3.2 to 12.5% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Only two of eight control subjects exhibited any activity in RF and these responses were only 2.1 and 2.7% of MVC. To determine if the responses in the stroke group were a result of muscle stretch, a musculoskeletal model was used to simulate the experimental abduction perturbations and estimate muscle length changes. The simulation revealed that RF should be shortened by the perturbations and this suggests that the response was not likely due to direct stretch. Moreover, knee flexion perturbations elicited responses in the hip adductors (AL) with a mean amplitude of 5.1 +/- 3.8% of MVC across all stroke subjects while no significant responses were recorded in controls. The presence of a reciprocal, reflex-mediated coupling between RF and AL following stroke suggests that changes in the excitability of spinal networks may contribute to the development of abnormal inter-joint coordination patterns observed during hemiparetic gait.
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PMID:Stretch reflex coupling between the hip and knee: implications for impaired gait following stroke. 1844 31

This article reports the results of a comparative study on directional patterns of muscle activation at the lower limb in 15 subjects with hemiparesis and 18 healthy subjects. Subjects were required to exert static hip and knee torques using multidirectional and biarticular dynamometers designed for the lower limbs. Hip torques were performed in abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and in combined directions (e.g., hip flexion and abduction) and knee torques were exerted in flexion and extension. The required torque levels corresponded to approximately 5% of the maximal voluntary contraction of healthy subjects. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gracilis, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and soleus were recorded during these torques. The descriptive analysis involved comparison between either the polar plots (for hip tasks) or the histograms (for knee tasks) representing the mean muscle activity obtained across subjects during torques exerted in each direction for the three groups of muscles analyzed (normal, paretic, and nonparetic muscles). Ciucular statistics were also used to characterize directional patterns of activation in each muscle during hip tasks while linear statistics permitted one to analyze these patterns during knee tasks. In general, the results of both the descriptive and inferential statistical analyses indicated that directional patterns of muscle activation during hip and knee torques are not altered in subjects with hemiparesis. These results are in contrast to the disturbances observed previously in a study of directional patterns of muscle activation at the upper extremity in this population. It is suggested that the contrast between the present results and those obtained at the upper limb in subjects with hemiparesis may reflect the difference in the motor recovery of upper and lower paretic limbs or in the severity of spasticity in the muscles involved at the studied joints. Results of this study also showed that the paretic muscles often demonstrate larger EMG signals than normal and nonparetic muscles, especially during knee flexion torques. These last observations, in addition to the fact that some subjects with hemiparesis could not complete all of the tasks with their paretic limb, under-score the muscle weakness inherent to this population.
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PMID:Directional patterns of muscle activation at the lower limb in subjects with hemiparesis and in healthy subjects: A comparative study. 2071 2