Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P47989 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,633 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissues of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate (5.7+/-1.1 g) reared in salinities of 18, 26, 34 and 42 were examined for levels of nucleotide-related compounds, ammonia, urea and uric acid, and activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and uricase. Levels of total nucleotide-related compounds, including xanthine and hypoxanthine, in gill increased directly with salinity, whereas these same levels in hepatopancreas were inversely related with salinity. Hemolymph ammonia, urea and uric acid levels, and epidermal ammonia, urea and uric acid levels increased directly with salinity, whereas hepatopancreas ammonia and uric acid and gill uric acid levels were inversely related to salinity. Activities of XDH and XOD in hepatopancreas increased directly with salinity level, whereas no significant difference of uricase activity in hepatopancreas was observed among the four salinities. It is concluded M. japonicus exhibited uricogenesis and uricolysis, and an increase of uricogenesis occurred for the shrimp under hyper-osmotic conditions (salinity of 42). Uric acid produced in the hepatopancreas was transported and accumulated in the epidermis, and removed along with the spongy connective tissue at the time of molting.
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PMID:Increase of uricogenesis in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus reared under hyper-osmotic conditions. 1525 73

Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a known potent nephrotoxic agent. In this communication, we report the chemopreventive effect of soy isoflavones on renal oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferation response in Wistar rats. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhances gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase. Fe-NTA treatment also induced tumor promotion markers, viz., ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [3H] incorporation into renal DNA. A sharp elevation in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine has also been observed. Treatment of rats orally with soy isoflavones (5 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decreases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity and DNA synthesis (P < 0.001). Renal glutathione content (P < 0.01), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (P < 0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also returned to normal levels (P < 0.001). Thus, our data suggest that soy isoflavones may be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against Fe-NTA-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferation response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Induction of renal oxidative stress and cell proliferation response by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA): diminution by soy isoflavones. 1529 41

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a potent nephrotoxic agent. In this study, we show the modulatory effect of soy isoflavones on KBrO3-mediated renal oxidative stress and subsequent cell proliferation response in Wistar rats. KBrO3 (125 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) caused reduction in renal glutathione content, activities of renal anti-oxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase with enhancement in xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxidation, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). KBrO3 treatment also induced blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and tumor promotion markers, viz., ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [3H] incorporation into renal DNA. Treatment of rats orally with soy isoflavones (5 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in xanthine oxidase (P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity and DNA synthesis (P < 0.001). There was also significant recovery of renal glutathione content (P < 0.01), anti-oxidant enzymes and phase-II metabolising enzymes (P < 0.001). Thus, our results show that soy isoflavones acts as potent chemopreventive agent against KBrO3-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and subsequent cell proliferation response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Abrogation of potassium bromate-induced renal oxidative stress and subsequent cell proliferation response by soy isoflavones in Wistar rats. 1529 31

Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate, under the stress of 0.36 and 1.39 mM nitrite at 30 per thousand (parts per thousand, g kg(-1)) for 48 h, were examined for nucleotide-related compounds, specific activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD), and uricase. The levels of total nucleotide-related compounds, including xanthine and hypoxanthine, in the gill increased directly with ambient nitrite, whereas the levels of total nucleotide-related compounds, including xanthine and hypoxanthine, in the hepatopancreas were inversely related to ambient nitrite. Specific activity of XOD in the hepatopancreas increased directly with ambient nitrite, whereas no significant difference in uricase activity in the hepatopancreas was observed among three treatments. In another experiment, M. japonicus, following 48 h exposure to 0.36 and 1.39 mM nitrite, were examined for ammonia, urea, and urate levels in tissues. Hemolymph urea and exoskeleton urate levels increased directly with ambient nitrite, whereas hemolymph urate and exoskeleton urea levels were inversely related to ambient nitrite. It is concluded that M. japonicus exhibited uricogenesis and uricolysis, and an increase of uricogenesis occurred for the shrimp under nitrite stress. Urate produced in the hepatopancreas was transported and accumulated in the epidermis, and removed along with the exoskeleton at the time of molting.
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PMID:An increase of uricogenesis in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus under nitrite stress. 1577 15

In an earlier communication we reported that Nigella sativa suppresses potassium bromate-induced renal oxidative damage. In the present study, we report the chemopreventive effect of Nigella sativa against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhances renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes and phase II metabolizing enzymes. It also caused increase in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [H] incorporation into renal DNA. It also enhanced DEN (N-diethylnitrosamine)-initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of tumours. Treatment of rats orally with Nigella sativa (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (P<0.001) and incidence of tumours. Renal glutathione content (P<0.01), glutathione-metabolizing enzymes (P<0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant levels (P<0.001). Thus, our data suggest that Nigella sativa is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Inhibition of two stage renal carcinogenesis, oxidative damage and hyperproliferative response by Nigella sativa. 1578 20

The present study investigates the prophylactic effect of Nymphaea alba against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Treatment with Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhanced iron-ascorbate-induced renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase. It also elevated the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [3H] incorporation into renal DNA. It also enhanced DEN-initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of renal tumors. Treatment of rats orally with N. alba (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (p < 0.001) and incidence of tumors. Renal glutathione content (p < 0.01), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (p < 0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (p < 0.001). Thus, our results show that N. alba is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Anticarcinogenic effect of Nymphaea alba against oxidative damage, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. 1588 50

Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a well-known renal carcinogen. In this communication, we show the chemopreventive effect of Ficus racemosa extract against Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in rats. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhances renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase. It also enhances blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [(3)H] incorporation into renal DNA. It also enhances DEN (N-diethylnitrosamine) initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of tumors. Treatment of rats orally with F. racemosa extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H(2)O(2) generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (P<0.001) and incidence of tumors. Renal glutathione content (P<0.01), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (P<0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (P<0.001). Thus, our data suggests that F. racemosa extract is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats. 1588 7

KBrO3-mediated renal injury and hyperproliferative response in Wistar rats. In this communication, we report the efficacy of Nymphaea alba on KBrO3 (125 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) caused reduction in renal glutathione content, renal antioxidant enzymes and phase-II metabolising enzymes with enhancement in xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxidation, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H202). It also induced blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and tumor promotion markers, viz., ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and DNA synthesis. Treatment of rats with Nymphaea alba (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) one hour before KBrO3 (125 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) resulted in significant decreases in xanthine oxidase (P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, H202 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity and DNA synthesis (P < 0.001). Renal glutathione content, glutathione metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant levels (P < 0.001). These results show that Nymphaea alba acts as chemopreventive agent against KBrO3-mediated renal injury and hyperproliferative response.
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PMID:Inhibition of potassium bromate-induced renal oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response by Nymphaea alba in Wistar rats. 1611 99

The aim of the present study was to determine the potential beneficial effects of Ficus racemosa extract. Potassium bromate (KBrO3), a potent nephrotoxic agent that induces renal carcinogenesis and acts as tumour promoter in carcinogen-initiated animals was used as a model to induce renal injury. In this study, we show the chemopreventive effect of Ficus racemosa extract (Moraceae) on KBrO3-mediated renal oxidative stress and cell promotion response in rats. KBrO3 (125 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhanced lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes. KBrO3 treatment also induced tumour promotion markers, viz., ornithine decarboxylase activity and thymidine [3H] incorporation into renal DNA. A sharp elevation in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine has also been observed. Treatment of rats orally with Ficus racemosa extract (200 mg/kg body weight and 400 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in xanthine oxidase (P<0.05), lipid peroxidation (P<0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P<0.001) and H(2O2 (P<0.001). There was significant recovery of renal glutathione content (P<0.01) and antioxidant enzymes (P<0.001). There was also reversal in the enhancement of renal ornithine decarboxylase activity, DNA synthesis, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (P<0.001). Our results suggest that Ficus racemosa extract is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses KBrO3-mediated nephrotoxicity in rats.
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PMID:Modulatory effect of Ficus racemosa: diminution of potassium bromate-induced renal oxidative injury and cell proliferation response. 1623 39

When Escherichia coli strain B/r is exposed to 10 to 20 mug of nitrofurazone per ml, mutants with roughly threefold resistance are obtained. Treatment of these mutants with higher concentrations of nitrofurazone yields strains with six- to seven-fold resistance over strain B/r. Each of these steps toward nitrofurazone resistance is accompanied by loss of soluble nitrofurazone reductase activity. When sensitive bacteria are exposed to labeled nitrofurazone or labeled 2-nitrofuran, a considerable amount of radioactivity becomes bound to the cold trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction. Very little activity becomes bound in the mutants with six- to seven-fold resistance; mutants with intermediate resistance show intermediate levels of binding. Partially purified nitrofurazone reductase preparations catalyze the conversion of nitrofurazone to compounds which bind to protein and are not removed by prolonged dialysis against 8 m urea or by cold acid. Nitrofurazone reduced by xanthine oxidase or electrolytically reduced also yields compounds which react with protein to form stable derivatives.
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PMID:Mode of action of nitrofurazone. 1655 85


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