Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P47989 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,633 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro oxyradical effects on SR Ca2+ regulation were studied by using a SR-containing cell-free preparation from scallop (Pecten jacobaeus) adductor muscle. Ca2+ variations were fluorimetrically detected after incubation with Fluo-3 in the presence of ATP. Exposure to Fe3+/ascorbate produced dose-dependent Ca2+ release from SR vesicles, eventually leading to massive Ca2+ loss. Exposure to hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase also caused Ca2+ release but at a much slower rate. Pre-incubations with catalase or with the hydroxyl radical scavenger KMBA led to a significant decrease in the Fe3+/ascorbate-induced Ca2+ release rate and to a delay of massive Ca2+ loss. Pre-incubations with GSH or DTT strongly reduced the Ca2+ release caused by Fe3+/ascorbate and, moreover, they prevented massive Ca2+ loss from SR vesicles. Addition of GSH or DTT after Fe3+/ascorbate promptly reduced the Ca2+ release rate and delayed massive Ca2+ release. Pre-incubation with the SR Ca2+ channel blocker ruthenium red strongly reduced the Ca2+ release caused by Fe3+/ascorbate, and also prevented massive Ca2+ loss. In the presence of ruthenium red, Fe3+/ascorbate treatments followed by Ca2+ addition revealed that Ca2+ uptake inhibition was slower than Ca2+ release. Taken together, data showed that free radicals and, in particular, hydroxyl radicals, affected the scallop SR Ca2+ regulation. This mainly occurred through Ca2+ channel opening, most likely triggered by sulfhydryl oxidation, which eventually led to massive Ca2+ release from SR vesicles. The demonstration of a specific effect of oxyradicals on SR Ca2+ channels is in line with their possible involvement in cell signaling.
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PMID:Effects of free oxygen radicals on Ca2+ release mechanisms in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of scallop (Pecten jacobaeus) adductor muscle. 929 26

During inflammation and other pathological states, the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are both generated. We have been investigating the effect of exogenous PAF on ROS formation in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). ROS production, measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), proved to be rapid, transient, PAF receptor-mediated, and totally dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Repeated administration of PAF resulted in refractoriness to the agonist in terms of both capacities to increase [Ca2+]i and generate ROS. The cells, however, continued to respond fully to other stimulants (bradykinin, epidermal growth factor, thapsigargin). The PAF-induced increases in [Ca2+]i (monitored using the fluorescent probe Fluo-3) were also rapid and transient and paralleled those of ROS generation. Relatively specific inhibitors of potential ROS-producing systems were administered in an attempt to characterize the ROS producing system(s). Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and NO synthase did not interfere with PAF evoked ROS. The flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase inhibitor KCN, prevented generation of ROS, making NAD(P)H a candidate for the electron source of the ROS and the mitochondria a potential major site of formation.
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PMID:Calcium-dependent PAF-stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in a human keratinocyte cell line. 1036 77

We have previously reported that polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF) inhibits the oxidative damage of ultraviolet A (UVA) on HeLa cells in vitro [Acta Pharm. Sin. 23 (2002) 961]. To further elucidate a possible role for PCF on UVA-damaged normal human cells, we established the oxidative damage models of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) exposed to UVA to study the protective effect of PCF on human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. In this study, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was used to detect the cell viability. The intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and anti-superoxide anion capacity (A-ASC) were measured. The effect of PCF on UVA-induced apoptosis were investigated by Annexin V-FITC assay. Intracellular calcium was determined with the calcium-sensitive fluorochrome Fluo-3, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential with rhodamine 123. Comet assay was employed to detect the UVA-induced DNA damage. The ultrastructure of cell was observed under transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that PCF could greatly enhance the viability of NHDF and markedly promote SOD, GSH-px, T-AOC, and A-ASC, while the amounts of MDA and ROS, the activity of XOD were decreased. PCF could inhibit UVA-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in NHDF. The concentration of cellular free calcium was decreased and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was increased by PCF. In ultrastructure of NHDF, PCF could greatly decrease UVA-induced damage, especially membrane. Our results suggest that the supplementation of PCF appears to reduce the UVA-induced normal human dermal fibroblasts damage efficiently. It may be involved in the PCF's abilities of scavenging oxygen free radical, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing antioxidative enzymes, decreasing intracellular calcium and protection of membrane structure in NHDF irradiated by UVA.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri on ultraviolet A-induced oxidative damage on human skin fibroblasts in vitro. 1472 23