Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P47989 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,633 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using microdialysis in the hippocampus of anaesthetised rats, the concentration of extracellular adenosine was estimated to be 0.8 microM. Kainic acid (0.1-25 mM) in the perfusate evoked a concentration-dependent release of adenosine with an EC50 of 940 microM. Two 5-min pulses of 1 mM kainic acid in the perfusate increased the dialysate levels with an S2/S1 ratio of 0.52 +/- 0.03. Kainate-evoked release of adenosine was reduced significantly by 10 microM tetrodotoxin and by a kappa-receptor agonist, U50, 488H (100 microM). The S2/S1 ratio was reduced by 4.5 microM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, but not by the NMDA receptor blockers (+)-MK-801 (dizocilpine; 100 microM) or (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (1 mM), indicating a non-NMDA receptor-mediated process. The S2/S1 ratio was also reduced significantly by 10 mM ascorbic acid, 10 mM glutathione (a scavenger of hydroperoxides), and 1 mM oxypurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), indicating the possible involvement of free radicals. Neither the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (100 microM) nor the A1 adenosine receptor agonist R(-)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (100 microM) affected release. Adenosine release evoked by kainic acid is therefore mediated by activation of non-NMDA receptors and may involve the propagation of action potentials and the production of free radicals.
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PMID:Kainate-evoked release of adenosine from the hippocampus of the anaesthetised rat: possible involvement of free radicals. 897 31