Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P47989 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,633 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The root bark of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. is traditionally used in the Democratic Republic Congo for the treatment of several conditions such as anorexia, fatigue and intestinal infections. We have identified and quantitated several polyphenol antioxidants in the methanol extract of the root bark (120g). The polyphenol content (3.32g/kg) was predominantly ellagitannins (25%) and polyhydroxyflavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins, 75%) with 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and (-)-epicatechin as the major species in each class. These two compounds and the following species were identified unequivocally by NMR spectroscopy: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, 3-O-methyl ellagic acid, 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid, 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, and 3'-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside. The following additional compounds were purified by semi-preparative HPLC and tentatively identified on the basis of UV spectra, HPLC-ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS-MS: (+)-catechin-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin (procyanidin B(1)), epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (procyanidin B(2)), an (epi)catechin trimer, 3-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-vanillate, 3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O- beta-d-glucopyranoside, and 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside. Fractionation of the raw extract by column chromatography on silicic acid yielded 10 fractions. In the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase antioxidant assay system, CC-9 which contained a range of polyphenols dominated by (-)-epicatechin-O-gallate proved to be the most potent antioxidant fraction (IC(50)=52 micro g/mL) in terms of ROS scavenging. In terms of XO inhibition CC-8, dominated by (epi)catechin trimer and which also contained appreciable amounts of 3'-O-methyl ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside, as well as the catechins (+)-catechin-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin (procyanidin B(1)), and (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, proved to be the most potent (IC(50)=36 micro g/mL).
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PMID:Isolation, purification and identification of ellagic acid derivatives, catechins, and procyanidins from the root bark of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. 1708 99

Cancer cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome characterized by anorexia and loss of body weight. The xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor febuxostat is one of the promising candidates for cancer cachexia treatment. However, cachexic symptoms were not alleviated by oral administration of febuxostat in our cancer cachexia model. Metabolomic analysis with brains of our cachexic model showed that purine metabolism was activated and XO activity was increased, and thus suggested that febuxostat would not reach the brain. Accordingly, targeting XO in the brain, which controls appetite, may be an effective strategy for treatment of cancer cachexia.
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PMID:A novel strategy for treatment of cancer cachexia targeting xanthine oxidase in the brain. 3115 93