Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P46098 (5-HT3 receptor)
 2,290 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ondansetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been compared with high-dose metoclopramide in the control of acute emesis (24 h) induced by cisplatin (greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2). Ondansetron, given as three intravenous doses (0.15 mg/kg) 4-hourly, was superior to six intravenous doses of metoclopramide (2.0 mg/kg) in the control of acute emesis. Complete control of emesis was achieved in 40% of patients receiving ondansetron compared to 30% of patients receiving metoclopramide (P = 0.07); complete or major control (0-2 emetic episodes) was achieved in 65% and 51% of the patients receiving the two treatments respectively (P = 0.016). Patients entered in the acute emesis study who experienced no emesis or up to two episodes were randomised between placebo and ondansetron on day 2 to evaluate the control of delayed emesis up to day 5. Complete control of persistent or delayed emesis over days 2-5 was achieved in 59-78% of patients with oral ondansetron (16 mg t.d.s.) compared to 39-50% of patients receiving oral placebo. These differences failed to reach statistical significance except on day 4. Some patients with complete or major control of emesis on their first course of chemotherapy subsequently received further courses of ondansetron (median 3 courses; range 2-10) on a non-comparative basis. Similar control was achieved in 85% of courses. There may be some reduction in the degree of control with subsequent courses. Of 44 patients with complete control at cycle 1, 19 (44%) were emesis free and 3 (7%) experienced 1-2 episodes with cycle 3, though patients were sometimes withdrawn before cycle 3 for reasons other than inadequate anti-emetic control. Efficacy with successive courses can only be established in a prospective comparative trial. Both treatments were well tolerated but ondansetron caused significantly greater transient asymptomatic elevations in ALT/AST (P = 0.003/0.005). Acute dystonic reactions (2 patients) and akathisia (10 patients) occurred with metoclopramide only (P = 0.002). The role of ondansetron in the control of delayed emesis requires further study.
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PMID:Progress in the control of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin. 183 33

This paper reviews the toxicity profile of gemcitabine, a novel anticancer drug. Gemcitabine has been administered using two different treatment schedules: once weekly or twice weekly for 3 weeks followed by a week of rest (one cycle). It was well tolerated and alopecia was not a problem. Toxicity was greater in the twice-weekly schedule. Comparing the once-weekly with the twice-weekly schedule, WHO grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 4.7 and 25.6% of patients, respectively. Other hematological toxicity was minimal. Transient WHO grade 3 or 4 elevations of ALT and AST occurred in 9.2 and 7.2% of patients, respectively, in the once-weekly schedule. For the twice-weekly schedule the corresponding percentages were 12.2 and 13.8%. Symptomatic toxicity was greater in patients who received twice-weekly gemcitabine. Nausea and vomiting was mild and generally well controlled without 5HT3 antagonists. However, there was a greater incidence of nausea and vomiting on the twice-weekly schedule. Flu-like symptoms were documented in 19.8% of patients receiving once-weekly and 63.3% of patients receiving twice-weekly gemcitabine. Peripheral edema, not related to cardiac, hepatic or renal failure, was seen more often in patients on twice-weekly treatment. As the efficacy of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer was equivalent when using both regimens, the better tolerated and more easily administered once-weekly schedule is recommended.
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PMID:Gemcitabine: once-weekly schedule active and better tolerated than twice-weekly schedule. 879 11