Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43146 (tumour suppressor)
 5,935 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The p53 tumour suppressor functions as a transcriptional activator, and several p53-inducible genes that play a critical proapoptotic role have been described. Moreover, p53 regulates the expression of various proteins participating in autoregulatory feedback loops, including proteins that negatively control p53 stability (Mdm2 and Pirh2) or modulate stress-induced phosphorylation of p53 on Ser-46 (p53DINP1 or Wip1), a key event for p53-induced apoptosis. Here, we describe a new systematic analysis of p53 targets using oligonucleotide chips, and report the identification of dapk1 as a novel p53 target. We demonstrate that dapk1 mRNA levels increase in a p53-dependent manner in various cellular settings. Both human and mouse dapk1 genomic loci contain DNA sequences that bind p53 in vitro and in vivo. Since dapk1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase previously shown to suppress oncogene-induced transformation by activating a p19ARF/p53-dependent apoptotic checkpoint, our results suggest that Dapk1 participates in a new positive feedback loop controlling p53 activation and apoptosis.
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PMID:dapk1, encoding an activator of a p19ARF-p53-mediated apoptotic checkpoint, is a transcription target of p53. 1560 85

We previously demonstrated that type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C) Ptc2 and Ptc3 are required for DNA checkpoint inactivation after DNA double-strand break repair or adaptation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we show the conservation of this pathway in mammalian cells. In response to DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) phosphorylates the Chk2 tumour suppressor kinase at threonine 68 (Thr68), allowing Chk2 kinase dimerization and activation by autophosphorylations in the T-loop. The oncogenic protein Wip1, a PP2C phosphatase, binds Chk2 and dephosphorylates phospho-Thr68. Consequently, Wip1 opposes Chk2 activation by ATM after ionizing irradiation of cells. In HCT15 colorectal cancer cells corrected for functional Chk2 activity, Wip1 overexpression suppressed the contribution of Chk2 to the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. These results indicate that Wip1 is one of the phosphatases regulating the activity of Chk2 in response to DNA damage.
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PMID:The Wip1 phosphatase (PPM1D) antagonizes activation of the Chk2 tumour suppressor kinase. 1693 75

The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a transcription factor that activates genes that result in cell cycle arrest, DNA damage repair, senescence or apoptosis. Recent individual cell studies have indicated that p53 activation is highly regulated in response to stressed conditions and non-stressed (normal proliferating) conditions in cells. The aim of this research is to investigate the design principles behind the precise regulation of p53 activation, under normal and stressed conditions. We extended the Sun et al. (2011) mathematical model of delay differential equations by incorporating the most recently found molecular interactions and hypotheses. In particular, we found that the core regulatory network consists of ATM, Mdm2, MdmX, Wip1 and p53. Our model of the p53 core regulatory feedback mechanisms can reproduce a series of repeated pulses in stressed conditions with appropriate induction of cell cycle arrest, and one or two spontaneous pulses (basal dynamics) in non-stressed conditions and these are consistent with the recent experimental findings. Our results show that the p53 spontaneous pulses are due to intrinsic DNA double strand breaks in normal proliferating cells, and p53 auto-regulation (positive feedback loop) allows threshold activation of p53 in generating these pulses. It also shows that the p53 dynamics are excitable; bifurcation analysis revealed a spectrum of p53 behaviour under stressed and non-stressed (normal) conditions on the basis of stress signal activation rate, and characterised p53 dynamics as Type II excitability. Additionally, the model makes testable predictions on pharmacological intervention to reactivate p53. Importantly, we reveal novel findings on the mechanism of threshold activation of p53 pulsatile and oscillatory dynamics that are important for its physiological function as the guardian of the genome.
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PMID:Mathematical modelling of p53 basal dynamics and DNA damage response. 2543 95