Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43146 (tumour suppressor)
 5,935 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For decades, chromatin was considered to be an inert structure whose only role was the compacting and confining of DNA inside the eukaryotic nucleus. However, tremendous progress in this field over the last 10 years has dramatically elevated chromatin to a key position in the control of gene activity. Its role in mediating the transformation of a normal cell into a malignant state is particularly interesting. On one side of this story there is the discovery that aberrant methylation patterns in an increasing number of tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes determine carcinogenetic transformation; while on the other side, there is the existence of a series of methyl-DNA binding activities that recruit co-repressor complexes and modify the structure of the chromatin to produce a transcriptionally silenced state. Although this field has seen rapid progress in recent years, detailed mechanisms by which this machinery modifies chromatin structure to its appropriate state and the specific targeting of repressor complexes have yet to be resolved. In this review we present the models of how repressor complexes may modify chromatin structure and mediate silencing of tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes.
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PMID:The impact of chromatin in human cancer: linking DNA methylation to gene silencing. 1211 66

Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is part of the glyoxalase system in the cytoplasm of all human cells. It catalyses the glutathione-dependent removal of the endogenous reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG). MG is formed mainly as a side product of anaerobic glycolysis. It modifies protein and DNA to form mainly hydroimidazolone MG-H1 and imidazopurinone MGdG adducts, respectively. Abnormal accumulation of MG, dicarbonyl stress, increases adduct levels which may induce apoptosis and replication catastrophe. In the non-malignant state, Glo1 is a tumour suppressor protein and small molecule inducers of Glo1 expression may find use in cancer prevention. Increased Glo1 expression is permissive for growth of tumours with high glycolytic activity and is thereby a biomarker of tumour growth. High Glo1 expression is a cause of multi-drug resistance. It is produced by over-activation of the Nrf2 pathway and GLO1 amplification. Glo1 inhibitors are antitumour agents, inducing apoptosis and necrosis, and anoikis. Tumour stem cells and tumours with high flux of MG formation and Glo1 expression are sensitive to Glo1 inhibitor therapy. It is likely that MG-induced cell death contributes to the mechanism of action of current antitumour agents. Common refractory tumours have high prevalence of Glo1 overexpression for which Glo1 inhibitors may improve therapy.
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PMID:Multiple roles of glyoxalase 1-mediated suppression of methylglyoxal glycation in cancer biology-Involvement in tumour suppression, tumour growth, multidrug resistance and target for chemotherapy. 2850 45