Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of activating human monocytes in vitro with lymphokines on the production of cytostatic protein factor(s) (CF) was investigated. Upon exposing the monocytes to either lymphokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the amount of CF released was increased approximately fivefold compared to the amount released from unexposed monocytes. With sequential lymphokine and LPS treatment CF release increased nearly 10-fold. Even 10 min lymphokine activation before LPS exposure enhanced CF production significantly. The enhanced CF production was detected between 5 and 10 hr after lymphokine activation. The RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide reduced the lymphokine-induced CF production in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that lymphokines augment both CF mRNA and CF protein synthesis. When monocytes were exposed to LPS on both Day 2 and Day 4 of culture, the amount of CF obtained on Day 4 was reduced compared to that obtained on Day 2. A significant increase in CF production, however, was observed when the monocytes were activated with lymphokines before the second exposure to LPS on Day 4, supporting the view that lymphokines initiate synthesis of CF in monocytes. Upon ion exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration the same elution profiles of CF were obtained irrespectively of whether the monocytes had been activated with lymphokines or not. This indicates that lymphokines induce an increased production of the same factor(s) which was obtained in the absence of lymphokines.
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PMID:Effect of lymphokines on the production of cytostatic protein factors from human monocytes. 659 62

Household contacts (HCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB) are at higher risk of infection as well as the development of active disease. Longitudinal tracking of antigen-specific cytokines after acute exposure may significantly advance our understanding of the dynamic changes in cytokine patterns associated with disease establishment. To achieve this objective, we carried out a prospective cohort study with healthy HCs after exposure to TB. The patterns of cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma] and interleukin 10 [IL-10]) in response to mycobacterial antigens (culture filtrate [CF] proteins) and nonspecific mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [PHA] and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) were assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months after exposure. Seven of 109 (6.4%) HCs developed active disease. Six of the seven individuals were females, and active disease developed between 12 and 15 months after exposure in 5/20 families. The most significant findings were the exponential increases ( approximately 1,000-fold) in both the CF protein- and the PHA- or LPS-induced IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio in healthy HCs (n = 26), which peaked at 12 months, compared to the levels in HCs who developed disease (n = 7), in whom relatively flat responses were observed during the 24-month period. Linear trends for 0 to 12 and 0 to 24 months for the CF protein-induced IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio showed significant differences between the two groups, as determined by the use of the Mantel extension test for chi(2) analysis (odds ratio = 0.45; 95% confidence interval = 0.295 to 0.685; P = 0.0002). Our results strongly suggest that the magnitude of the IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio at 12 months after exposure may be a critical determinant in the resolution of infection. These studies provide new insights into the cytokine responses associated with disease establishment or the resolution of infection after natural exposure to TB and have implications for TB control programs as well vaccine efficacy studies.
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PMID:Longitudinal tracking of cytokines after acute exposure to tuberculosis: association of distinct cytokine patterns with protection and disease development. 1792 27