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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An extract made from the supernatant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gc2 strain 1291 degraded the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen. Chemical analysis of this polysaccharide indicated it contains glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucosamine-6-phosphate, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyotonate, and ethanolamine and is the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. Degradation of the polysaccharide by sonic extracts resulted either in complete loss of antigenicity and immunogenicity or in partial degradation to subunits that could inhibit the Gc2-specific hemagglutination inhibition. The factors responsible for degradation were destroyed by heating at 100 degrees C for 5 min or by Pronase digestion, but were unaffected by ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, Mg2+, Ca2+, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The process was pH dependent, with optimal activity occurring at pH 7. Sonic extract supernatants from group B and C meningococcal strains contained degrading properties, whereas similar extracts produced from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae type II failed to degrade the Gc2 polysaccharide.
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PMID:Degradation of the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by gonococcal and meningococcal sonic extracts. 7 94

The chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the smooth strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 307 and a spontaneously derived rough mutant, obtained by selection for resistance to the LPS-specific phage E79, are compared. The rough LPS was shown to contain lipid A, heptose, 2-keto 3-deoxyoctonic acid, galactosamine, alanine and phosphate but lacked glucose, rhamnose and fucosamine which were important constituents, on a weight basis, of the smooth LPS. These results, and chromatographic analysis of the polysaccharide fraction indicate that the rough strain lacked side chain material and was defective in its inner core region. The chemical date obtained were consistent with a core in the PAO strain similar to that of strain NCTC 1999, enhancing the evidence for a common core polysaccharide in the LPS of P. aeruginosa strains.
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PMID:The chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO and a spontaneously derived rough mutant. 10 26

Treatment of rabbits, rats, and mice with D-galactosamine increased their sensitivity to the lethal effects of lipopolysaccharide several thousand fold. The susceptibility of the animals was highest when the lipopolysaccharide was injected together with galactosamine and decreased successively when injection was carried out 1, 2, and 3 hr later. Sensitization was absent when the lipopolysaccharide was administered 1 hr before or 4 hr after galactosamine. The onset of lethality after treatment with galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide occurred faster than with lipopolysaccharide alone; usually all animals died 5-9 hr later. The galactosamine-induced sensitization to lipopolysaccharide could be reversed by uridine which is known to inhibit the early biochemical alterations induced by the amino sugar in the hepatocytes. Although galactosamine is known to exhibit hepatotoxic activity inducing ultimate necrosis of the hepatocytes, the data so far suggests that the sensitization to lipopolysaccharide is related only to the early metabolic effects of the hexosamine.
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PMID:Galactosamine-induced sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin. 29 94

Configurations were determined for previously identified amino components of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 8505. Glucosamine and galactosamine belong to the D-series, and alanine and aminogalacturonic acid to the L-series. An additional amino component was identified as 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose. This compound may be a characteristic component of the O-specific chain in lipopolysaccharides of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to Habs sero-group 3.
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PMID:Amino components of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 8505. Presence of 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose. 40 6

Analysis of glycose and fatty acid content of lipopolysaccharide extracted from 38 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae indicated that glycoses common to colonial types 1 to 5 were glucose, mannose, and galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO), glucosamine, and galactosamine were also invariably present. Virulent colonial types 1 and 2 contained no rhamnose, in contrast to avirulent types 3 to 5 and several strains of the nonpathogenic species N. sicca and N. lactamica. Fucose, characteristic of these nonpathogenic species, was not present in the gonococci. Variation in the concentration of individual glycoses in different strains was also noted. Mannose-KDO, galactose-KDO, and glucose-KDO ratios of virulent gonococci exceeded those of avirulent organisms, except that the correlation for glucose was not quite so striking. This relationship was not found in N. sicca and N. lactamica strains. Fatty acid analyses of lipid A from gonococci showed that 10-, 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-carbon acids, as well as 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, were present, but differences in concentration between colonial types, although evident in some cases, appeared less significant than glycose content.
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PMID:Composition of the lipopolysaccharide of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 40 23

SAA is a normal acute-phase serum protein which has been identified by its cross-reaction with antibodies to the amyloid A fibril protein, AA, that is associated with secondary amyloidosis. The induction of SAA by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been studied with 3 inhibitors of protein synthesis: cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and galactosamine. Each of the 3 agents when administered simultaneously with LPS completely abolishes induction of SAA for at least 6 h. They are all significantly effective when given 1.5 h after LPS but 3 h after LPS the inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on SAA induction is markedly reduced. Cycloheximide alone can also induce significant concentration of SAA, but a longer time is required than for LPS. Thus it appears that the acute-phase SAA response is characterized by both RNA and protein synthesis which is initiated by the acute-phase inducing agent and which precedes the appearance of elevated SAA concentrations in the serum.
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PMID:Induction of the acute-phase serum protein SAA requires both RNA and protein synthesis. 67 46

Lipopolysaccharides of qualitatively identical but quantitatively different sugar composition were extracted from Proteus mirabilis strain 1959. The lipopolysaccharide with the higher percentage of typical O-specific constituents was subjected to partial acid hydrolysis. An oligosaccharide B22 was separated by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. It was found to be composed of equimolar amounts of D-galacturonic acid, D-galactosamine and L-lysine. Dinitrophenylation of the oligosaccharide as well as of the genuine lipopolysaccharide afforded xi-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine after acid hydrolysis, showing that lysine was linked to the disaccharide via its alpha-amino group. Further studies including the Morgan-Elson and Elson-Morgan reactions, NaBH4-reduction, hydrazinolysis and periodate oxidation revealed the structure of oligosaccharide B22 as D-galacturonyl-(1 leads to 4)-D-galactosamine with lysine attached to the carboxylic group of galacturonic acid via its alpha-amino group. Judged from its high inhibition capacity this oligosaccharide has to be considered as an essential part of the serological determinant of Proteus mirabilis 1959. The frequent occurrence of lysine and galacturonic acid in Proteus mirabilis O-serogroups and their possible significance for the respective serological specificities are discussed.
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PMID:The linkage of lysine in the O-specific chains of Proteus mirabilis 1959. 76 6

Lipopolysaccharide isolated from pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC1 and its phage-resistant mutant was degraded by mild acid hydrolysis into lipid A and three major polysaccharide-containing fractions which were separated on Sephadex G-75. The low-molecular-weight fraction contained glucose, rhamnose, heptose, galactosamine, alanine and phosphate. The higher-molecular-weight fractions consisted mainly of glucose, rhamnose and glucosamine together with amino compounds. Alkaline degradation of the lipopolysaccharide produced at least four different species each of which contained a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide similar if not identical to that produced by acid hydrolysis. Under certain growth conditions an abnormal lipopolysaccharide was produced which was defective in the low-molecular-weight polysaccharide and contained mainly high-molecular-weight material. Strains of different serotype yielded lipopolysaccharides which also exhibited heterogeneity but contained a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide similar to that obtained from strain PAC1 and PAC1R. It is suggested that each strain of P. aeruginosa may produce several lipopolysaccharides each containing a polysaccharide common to all. The relative proportions of the various lipopolysaccharides may be changed by growth conditions.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 81 Mar 51

Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material. This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified. The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material. The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7). In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine. The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C-5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position. The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected. The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted. Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis. The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc. The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained.
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PMID:Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. 81 Dec 18

From Escherichia coli 0124 two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained with phenol/water extraction and cetavlon precipitation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and chemical analysis showed that the two preparations from E. coli 0124 and the corresponding preparations from Shigella dysenteriae type 3 reacted alike. The O-specific polysaccharide moiety was characterized with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical rotation and paper electrophoresis. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The polysaccharide contained glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), galactosamine (GalN) and 4-O-(1'-carboxyethyl)-D-glucopyranose (glucolactilic acid, GlcLA) in the molar ratios of 1:2:1:1. Glucolactilic acid, which has a structure similar to muramic acid, was first found in Sh. dysenteriae. The polysaccharide from E. coli 0124 and oligosaccharides obtained from it by partial acid hydrolysis were subjected to methylation analysis using the method of combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide is (see article). In the polysaccharide the repeating units are joined through galactofuranosidic linkages. This structure is identical with that of the somatic polysaccharide of Sh. dysenterae type 3.
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PMID:Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'Shigella-like' Escherichia coli 0124. Structure of the polysaccharide chain. 81 66


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