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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When mice were injected intracerebrally with doses of Bordetella pertussis vaccine greater than 5 ImD 50 and challenged intracerebrally 14 days later with virulent B. pertussis there was an immediate reduction in the numbers of organisms. An analysis of this in vivo bactericidal effect has shown that large doses of an unrelated vaccine, Salmonella typhosa, equivalent in cell mass to about 50 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine can achieve this effect, so for such doses the effect must be partly non-specific. This action is not maintained and so is not ultimately protective. Local immunoglobulin was also demonstrable 14 days after 300 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine but following smaller doses of 10-20 ImD 50 it could not be found until after the mice had been infected and the blood-brain barrier impaired. A similar immediate reduction in the numbers of infecting organisms inoculated 1 day after vaccination has been shown to follow very small, non-protective doses of vaccines unrelated to B. pertussis and to be achieved with lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin isolated from B. pertussis. Brains were not sterilized and only in mice receiving protective B. pertussis vaccine was the lowering of infection maintained beyond 2 days and the brains eventually sterilized. The antibody passively protecting mice against intracerebral infection was found in the 19S and 11 S globulin fractions of the serum of once-vaccinated mice and in the 11 S and 7 S fractions of the serum of rabbits and ascitic fluid of mice receiving repeated doses of vaccine. The IgM probably eliminated infections by immediate sterilization but had to be present locally to do so since it was unable to pass from the circulation into the brain, and was therefore inactive when injected intraperitoneally. The IgA and IgG were not so restricted and both the 11 S and 7 S globulins were capable of exerting an immediate suppressive effect on infecting organisms. The 7 S globulin was also capable of a maintained or delayed suppressive effect. Lymphocytes from fully protected once-vaccinated mice, transferred 2-3 weeks after intraperitoneal vaccination, were able to confer some protection when injected intraperitoneally or intracerebrally into recipient mice infected 2 weeks after transfer. Homologous, non-concentrated antiserum from once-vaccinated mice, injected intraperitoneally 1 hr. before infection sometimes augmented the transferred immunity, whereas alone it was inactive.
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PMID:The effects of humoral, cellular and non-specific immunity on intracerebral Bordetella pertussis infections in mice. 16 75

In studies reported here, the polyclonal activator lipopolysaccharide was used to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of IgM, IgA, and IgG in cultures of mouse lymphoid cells. The total immunoglobulin of each class which resulted was measured by specific double-antibody radioimmunoassays. The effect of Con A-activated T cells from various tissues on such immunoglobulin synthesis was then assessed. Variations in regulatory T-cell activity among the various lymphoid tissues for IgA but not for IgM or IgG was observed. In particular, Peyer's patches T cells were found to contain a high level of IgA T-cell helper activity compared to that of spleen or peripheral lymph node. The independent variation of T-cell regulatory activity for IgA as compared to that for IgM and IgG among the different tissues is most consistent with there being a separate subset of T cells specifically regulating IgA. The significance of these findings for the understanding of the secretory immune system is discussed.
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PMID:T-cell regulation of murine IgA synthesis. 31 11

Preparations of Staphylococcus aureus strains Cowan 1 and Wood 46 and of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were found to act as polyclonal B-cell-activating substances for human splenic and blood lymphocytes. All three substances induced polyclonal antibody secretion in blood and spleen cell cultures, as tested against fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled sheep erythrocytes by a modification of the local hemolysis-in-gel assay. Antibodies were of IgM class, as shown by inhibition of plaque formation by anti-IgM but not by anti-IgG or anti-IgA antisera. All these substances also consistently induced the formation of intracellular immunoglobulin and increased DNA synthesis in stimulated spleen cells. In blood lymphocytes Staph. aureus Cowan 1 induced a consistent increase in DNA synthesis, whereas Staph, aureus Wood and LPS often gave low or no increase in DNA synthesis. Peak antibody formation was observed on day 3 in spleen cells and on day 6 in blood lymphocyte cultures. Stimulation into high-rate immunoglobulin secretion occurred with all PBAs also in B-cell-enriched cell suspensions but not in T-cell-enriched cells. Optimal responses were, however, always noted in unseparated cell suspensions. It is concluded that preparations of killed bacteria can be useful tools for the clinical evaluation of both specific and nonspecific antibody-forming ability in cells from different groups of patients.
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PMID:Polyclonal antibody secretion in human lymphocytes induced by killed staphylococcal bacteria and by lipopolysaccharide. 33 27

A study was made of the neutralizing properties of antisalmonella antibodies belonging to different immunoglobulin classes in respect to specific O-antigen (Lipopolysaccharide S. anatum) and haptens of salmonellae. In comparison with IgM-antibodies, IgG-antibodies were more stable bound not only with the univalent trisaccharide determinant, but also with the polysaccharide. However, in regard to the lipopolysaccharide complex the neutralizing activity of IgM- and IgG-antibodies was about the same; IgA-antibodies possessed the greatest neutralizing activity with respect to all the antigenic preparations used. The minimal neutralizing dose of the antigen and haptens increased with the reduction of the size of their molecule. A marked heterogeneity of antibodies of each of the immunoglobulin classes by their antigen-neutralizing properties was revealed in individual sera.
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PMID:[Interaction of antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes with specific O-antigens and Salmonella haptens]. 35 91

The occurrence of specific antibodies to Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide in serum, milk, and saliva of Pakistani women from a very low socioeconomic group was studied before and after a single subcutaneous cholera vaccination. Before immunization all women had low levels of specific antibodies in serum, primarily of IgM class, and in many cases cholera IgA angibodies were found in milk and saliva as well, indicating earlier natural exposure. The vaccination consistently induced a marked rise in serum antibody titer, and notably also produced significant titer increases in 70% of the milk and in 45% of the saliva samples. Whereas the serum antibodies induced were predominantly of the IgG class, secretory IgA was responsible for most of the titer increase in the secretions. The results indicate that parenteral cholera vaccination can boost local secretory IgA antibody responses in intestinally primed individuals.
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PMID:Boosting of secretory IgA antibody responses in man by parenteral cholera vaccination. 60 66

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of the skin lesions in 'benign gonococcal sepsis' direct immunofluorescence of an early macular lesion and routine histopathology of a mature papulopustular lesion in a patient with septic gonococcal dermatitis have been performed. Histopathology of the mature skin lesion revelaed a pattenr of 'allergic vasculitis'. Direct immunofluorescence showed exclusively deposits of C3 around and within the capillaries and in the basement membrane zone. No specific IgG, IgM, IgA or C4 deposits could be demonstrated. This, together with serological findings and reports from the literature, suggests an important pathogenetic function for complement, activated through the alternative pathway by means of gonococcal endotoxic lipopolysaccharide, in the pathogenesis of the skin lesions in benign gonococcal sepsis.
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PMID:Alternative pathway complement activation:a possible mechanism inducing skin lesions in benign gonococcal spesis. 78 66

Cultures of mouse fetal liver and spleen, stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, gave rise to plasma cells staining for IgM, IgG2, IgG1, and IgA. Cells containing Igm and IgG2 were found in cultures from 17-day fetuses, coincident with the appearance of B lymphocytes bearing cell-surface IgM. IgG1- and IgA-containing cells were induced in cultures from 19-day fetuses and 1-day-old mice. The capacity to give rise to immunoglobulin-secreting cells of all classes preceded the development of a significant proliferative response to LPS; the proportions of cells staining for each class reached adult values by 1 day of age whereas the proliferative response did not mature until 3 weeks.
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PMID:B lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. II. Response of fetal lymphocytes. 80 45

An in vitro culture technique with synthesis of 14C-labeled protein has been used to study immunoglobulin and specific-antibody formation by spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and small intestine of rabbits, which were immunized twice subcutaneously with Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enterotoxin; saline-injected rabbits served as controls. Newly synthesized immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM were quantitated by liquid scintillation after their isolation by means of affinity chromatography from columns with immunoglobulin class-specific antibodies coupled to Sepharose. Specific antibodies were similarly measured after purification from gels derivatized with LPS or cholera toxin. The isolated antibodies had full biological activity as studied in protection tests. The immunization increased the overall IgM synthesis in the spleen. It also enhanced the production of IgA and IgG in Peyer's patches and of IgA in intestine. Significant synthesis of radiolabeled antibodies against both V. cholerae LPS and enterotoxin was found in spleen as well as in Peyer's patches of immunized animals. Titration with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant levels of IgG as well as IgA antibodies in incubation medium from all the studied tissues, whereas specific IgM was only found for spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Simultaneous tissue incubations at 37 degrees C and in an ice bath indicated that the major part of the antibodies registered with the ELISA represented de novo synthesis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin and specific-antibody synthesis in vitro by enteral and nonenteral lymphoid tissues after subcutaneous cholera immunization. 84 1

Patients with acute thermal burns experience an increase of serum immunoglobulins associated with marked B-lymphocytosis during the recovery phase from the burn injury. This study was performed to delineate humoral factors which may induce the B-lymphocytosis in such patients. Plasma samples were obtained serially from 14 adult patients and 14 adult controls. One-half ml of plasma was injected intraperitoneally into C3H/He male mice, and absolute numbers of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the mouse peripheral blood were counted. Fractionation of plasma samples was performed. The biologically active plasma fraction, tentatively termed B-lymphocytosis factor (BLF), was cultured with normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes to determine in vitro lymphocyte transformation. The solubility of 125I-labelled BLF in various organic solvents was examined. Plasma obtained from burned patients induced a marked increase of IgG, IgA, and IgM-bearing cells in the peripheral blood of mice within 3 hours after injection. The B-lymphocytosis activity of normal plasma was not significant. The molecular weight of BLF was estimated to be close to that of ribonuclease A (M.W. 13,400). Transformation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed when cultured with BLF. 125I-labelled BLF was not soluble in organic solvents. These data suggest that BLF is not a lipopolysaccharide, and plays a role in regulation of B-lymphocyte levels in burned patients.
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PMID:B-lymphocytosis factor in human plasma. 108 59

Cultured cells from mouse thoracic duct, spleen, lymph node, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow gave rise to cells containing large amounts of cytoplasmic IgM, IgGl, and IgG2 when stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Differntiation of IgA producers occurred in bone marrow only, and to a lesser extent than other classes. Significant IgM responses preceded development of cells containing other classes. The differentiation of IgG and IgA producers did not appear to depend on T cells, since cultures from nu/nu or thymectomized-irradiated, bone marrow-protected mice responded as well as normals. Cultures from mice rendered deficient in B cells by anti-mu treatment responded normally to T cell mitogens, but did not proliferate or give rise to immunoglobulin-secreting cells when stimulated with LPS. Bone marrow cultures gave relatively meager proliferative responses to LPS, but generated as many or more immunoglobulin-secreting cells as did other tissues.
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PMID:B lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. I. Generation of cells synthesizing four major immunoglobulin classes. 109 25


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