Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A continuous cell line of murine alveolar macrophages (AM), designated MH-S, has been established following transformation of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from Balb/cJ mice with simian virus 40 (SV40). Thirty days after infection of the AM cultures, foci of rapidly proliferating cells were recovered and these have been propagated continuously for more than 36 mo. Following its initial isolation in Fischer's medium supplemented with L-cell-conditioned medium and horse and fetal bovine serum, the cell line is now routinely grown in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in the absence of conditioned medium. MH-S cells were adherent, lacked contact inhibition, and were trypsin-sensitive. They expressed intracellular T-antigen and incorporated 3H-thymidine (DNA synthesis) with a doubling time of approximately 48 h but doubled in number in 96 h. MH-S exhibited typical macrophage morphology, was greater than 98% esterase-positive, negative for peroxidase, and expressed cell surface Ia and Mac-1 antigens. The cells were Fc receptor-positive as demonstrated by rosette formation with, and phagocytosis of, antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes. Constitutive IL-1 secretion was significantly increased following stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide. Like freshly isolated AM, MH-S cells suppressed the in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in a dose-dependent manner when cultured with splenic lymphocytes. This cell line should facilitate studies where homogeneous populations of AM are desirable, especially those involved in determining the immunological functions of AM and their potential role in lung pathology.
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PMID:MH-S, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line: morphological, cytochemical, and functional characteristics. 278 72

HL-60, a promyelocytic cell line, was treated with both recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (D3), and the effect on monocyte-specific markers was assessed. IFN-gamma and D3 modulated different stages in the monocytic differentiation with respect to interleukin-1 (IL-1) production and secretion. D3 induced production of an intracellular IL-1 activity that was not secreted after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. IFN-gamma did not induce intracellular IL-1 but differentiated HL-60 cells, which had been treated with D3, so that lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-1 release. Both D3 and IFN-gamma individually enhanced expression of nonspecific esterase; in combination the two agents potentiated each other. Expression of cell surface Leu-M3 antigen was also enhanced by the combination of these two agents. Thus, IFN-gamma not only potentiated expression of D3-induced markers but also conferred phenotypic properties characteristic of monocytes. IFN-gamma may play a role in the differentiation of bone marrow cells to mature monocytes.
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PMID:Requirement of differentiative signals of both interferon-gamma and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for induction and secretion of interleukin-1 by HL-60 cells. 283 52

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil adhesion to liver sinusoidal endothelium in vivo. Female NMRI mice received either 5 micrograms lipopolysaccharide (R595) per animal alone (model A) or together with 116 mumol D-galactosamine (model B). One hour after injection, TNF activity in the serum was detectable to an equal extent in both models. Neutrophils in the liver, which had been identified by chloroacetate esterase staining of liver sections and quantitated by light microscopy, started to increase at 1 h and were elevated 10-fold above baseline at 6 h after application in (A) and (B). If 0.5 micrograms TNF instead of lipopolysaccharide was injected alone (model C) or together with D-galactosamine (model D), neutrophil influx into the liver was comparable to that observed in (A) or (B). Alanine aminotransferase activity in the serum was nearly normal in (A) and (C) 6 h after injection, while it reached levels up to 50-fold above baseline in models (B) and (D). This reflects the well-known D-galactosamine sensitization against lipopolysaccharide or TNF. Furthermore, degranulation of a large number of intrasinusoidal neutrophils could be observed 9 h after lipopolysaccharide-galactosamine injection. The administration of 116 mumol D-galactosamine per animal alone led neither to a measurable TNF activity in the serum nor to an increase in alanine aminotransferase activity or number of liver neutrophils. If the animals had received 50 microliter turpentine subcutaneously 24 h prior to lipopolysaccharide, TNF or D-galactosamine injection, the induced acute-phase reaction suppressed the increase of liver neutrophils in all models. Acute-phase reaction also prevented neutrophil degranulation and the rise of alanine aminotransferase in (B) to a great extent, while serum TNF activity was only minimally affected. It is concluded that TNF mediates neutrophil adhesion to the sinusoidal endothelium in vivo and that acute-phase reactants prevent lipopolysaccharide- or TNF-induced neutrophil influx into the liver.
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PMID:Involvement of tumor necrosis factor in endotoxin-triggered neutrophil adherence to sinusoidal endothelial cells of mouse liver and its modulation in acute phase. 319 26

A stable human macrophage hybridoma was established by somatic cell fusion between human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages and an 8-azaguanine resistant clone of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 (clone U-937-F9). The hybrid cell line (F9P) exhibited typical macrophage-like morphology and had 30 more chromosomes than U-937-F9 cells. Its macrophage characteristics were confirmed by the manifestation of intracellular nonspecific esterase, the detection of Mo-2 and LEU-M3 antigens on the cell surface, and the demonstration of phagocytic activity. Furthermore, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), this cell line could secrete a considerable amount of a cytotoxic factor (CTF). Distinct from the hybrid cell line, the parental U-937-F9 cells expressed neither Mo-2 nor LEU-M3 antigens on the cell surface, did not show phagocytic activity, and their culture supernatants did not show cytotoxic activity even after LPS stimulation. The activity of CTF in the culture supernatant of the LPS-stimulated hybrid cells could not be neutralized with anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-interleukin-1, or anti-lymphotoxin antibodies. The CTF had a relative molecular mass of 45-60 x 10(3) daltons as determined by gel filtration on a column of Superose 12, and an isoelectric point of 5.1. The cytotoxic activity was also induced when the hybrid cells were stimulated with the concentrated supernatants of a human T-cell hybridoma containing macrophage activating factor for cytotoxicity or with LP3 tumor cells which were used as target cells.
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PMID:A human macrophage hybridoma producing a cytotoxic factor distinct from TNF, LT, and IL-1. 325 90

Homologous human macrophage hybridoma cell lines were obtained by somatic cell fusion between peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages and a subclone of the myelomonocytic cell line, U937-F9. The hybridoma cell lines grown in vitro for more than a year were confirmed by manifestations of phagocytosis, adherence, nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, chromosome numbers and other cell surface antigens. Cell surface antigens on hybridomas were detected by flow cytometry analysis with monoclonal antibodies. With interclonal differences, a typical phenotype of hybridoma cells was CDw14+, OKM5+, Mac-1+ (equivalent to OKM1 and Mol), OKT9+, HLA-DR- and CD20+. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1. This cytotoxic factor was found to be distinct from the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1 using the anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-lymphotoxin and anti-interleukin 1 antisera.
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PMID:Homologous human macrophage hybridomas that produce a novel cytotoxic factor in their culture supernatants. 328 4

Chronic sepsis was induced by administering endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide--LPS) at 12-hr intervals to sheep. The animals (n = 7) responded to the first dose of LPS with increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), systemic vascular resistance, plasma and lymph thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentrations, and lung lymph flow rate concurrent with a reduction in the cardiac index (CI). Subsequent doses of LPS produced an elevation of PAP and TxB2 which was progressively attenuated and eventually disappeared. With LPS the lung lymph flow was markedly elevated and CI increased. This latter was transient and associated with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Concomitant with the cardiopulmonary changes prekallikrein levels were not diminished, but there was a statistically significant reduction in C1-esterase inhibitor. The administration of LPS was discontinued after 5 days and the cardiopulmonary variables rapidly returned to baseline levels. Chronic endotoxemia appears to be associated with an elevated pulmonary microvascular permeability and a tendency toward a hyperdynamic circulation but with an appreciable degree of refractoriness associated with regional hemodynamics and eicosanoid biosynthesis.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary changes with intermittent endotoxin administration in sheep. 329 76

We describe a population of nonadherent cells in neonatal cord blood that, upon in vitro cultivation, develop into monocyte-macrophages. These cells initially are negative for nonspecific esterase cytoplasmic activity, lack the monocyte marker MO.2, fall into smaller, nonmonocytic cell size areas, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-assisted size analysis, and differentiate into macrophages under nonstimulatory culture conditions (in the absence of exogenous colony stimulating factors, less than 0.1 ng/ml endotoxin, and growth in suspension). In contrast to the adherent, committed macrophage precursors in cord blood, which differentiate into macrophages after 2-3 days of culture, the nonadherent precursor does not acquire monocyte-macrophage characteristics until day 14 of culture. Earlier induction is achieved by adding the monocyte-activating agents lipopolysaccharide or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 to cultures.
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PMID:Identification of nonadherent mononuclear cells in human cord blood that differentiate into macrophages. 342 84

Cathepsin B synthesis by the human HL60 promyelocyte cell line was investigated by immunohistochemistry and by the assay of the enzyme in cell lysates using a fluorimetric substrate. HL60 cells were shown to produce cathepsin B in response to treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Intracellular levels of cathepsin B and immunohistochemical staining of the enzyme were related to time in culture with increasing concentrations of TPA from 1 nmol/1 to 8.0 nmol/1. Synthesis of cathepsin B was associated with TPA-induced phagocytic activity of cells in culture, expression of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and reduced cell division. Cathepsin B production was, therefore, related to differentiation of the HL60 promyelocytes into mature macrophage-like cells. Cathepsin B activity in HL60 cell lysates was significantly increased by incubation of the cells with 10 micrograms/ml endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) from Escherichia coli, but not carrageenan. The production of cathepsin B by TPA-induced HL60 cells was significantly reduced by 0.25 mumol/1 dexamethasone and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-butan-2-one but not by indomethacin. The HL60 promyelocytic cell line is a useful model for the study of factors affecting proteinase synthesis by human mononuclear phagocytes.
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PMID:Cathepsin B synthesis by the HL60 promyelocytic cell line: effects of stimulating agents and anti-inflammatory compounds. 346 Jun 39

When bovine lymph node cells are cultured for several days the adherent macrophage population increases by as much as tenfold. This increase in cell number is primarily due to cell division, which reaches a maximum on day 4 or 5 of culture. Although the presence of the nonadherent cells seems required for cell division, we have been unable to detect a macrophage growth factor in either the nonadherent cell populations. The adherent cells were identified as macrophages based on positive esterase staining, the presence of Fc receptors, beta-glucuronidase activity, and phagocytosis. Moreover, these adherent cells produced interleukin 1 (IL1) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide in serum-free medium. Approximately 10(7) macrophages were stimulated to produce about 900 units of IL1 in a 24-hr period. Thus, the bovine lymph node preparation is a potential source of a large number of macrophages capable of dividing in culture and of producing IL1.
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PMID:DNA synthesis and production of interleukin 1 by lymph node macrophages in culture. 348 8

Goat mammary macrophage division in vivo was assessed by detection of mitotic figures, by autoradiographic measurement of the uptake of 3H thymidine, and by a 96-well proliferation assay. Autoradiography revealed that 3.74 +/- 0.77% of nonstimulated mammary macrophages were actively synthesizing DNA. Eight days of sterile inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide or thioglycollate, increased mammary macrophage division (10.9 +/- 2.1%). The division increased within 2 h after inducing inflammation with thioglycollate. After 1 day, the rate of division decreased, and another increase occurred 3-4 days later. The high rate of division was maintained for greater than 60 days after the induction of sterile inflammation. Division was further shown to occur by injecting 3H-thymidine directly into the mammary gland, harvesting the macrophages 1.5 h later, and determining incorporation by autoradiography. The results of all assays of division were in agreement, suggesting they reflected the same event. The dividing cells were nonspecific esterase-positive, adherent, motile, phagocytic, and had morphological characteristics of macrophages.
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PMID:Locally dividing macrophages in normal and inflamed mammary glands. 356 49


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