Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human liver manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was highly purified by a simple procedure and crystallized. A monoclonal antibody against Mn-SOD, whose antigen-binding epitope is a C-terminus peptide was developed. Using this antibody, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. We found that Mn-SOD is highly expressed in human ovarian cancer and the serum level of the enzyme is a useful marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of the epithelial type of ovarian cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 and phorbol ester induced the m-RNA of Mn-SOD as well as protein levels in TNF-resistant cells. No such induction was observed in Cu, Zn-SOD. Studies on the induction mechanisms indicated that at least two separate signal-transducing pathways are involved in expression of the Mn-SOD gene. One is triggered by protein kinase C activation itself in the absence of new protein synthesis. The other can be activated by stimulations with various cytokines in which a protein factor that can be induced by phorbol ester treatments is involved.
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PMID:Expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase in carcinogenesis. 130 94

Oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury associated with clinical and experimental sepsis. With the use of endotoxin infusion as an in vivo model of sepsis we studied the effect of recombinant-human superoxide dismutase (r-hSOD; 4,200 U/mg), an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion, on both the physiologic and biochemical lung changes in awake sheep. Sheep (n = 11) were prepared for chronic measurement of pulmonary hemodynamics and lung fluid balance. Paired experiments were performed in seven of the animals in which they received either endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) alone or in combination with r-hSOD in random order. An additional four sheep received r-hSOD without the lipopolysaccharide. Intravenous infusion of r-hSOD (a loading dose of 12,600 U/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 14,700 U/kg/h for 7 h) resulted in substantial SOD activity, measured by electron spin resonance spectrometry, both in plasma and in lung lymph, and attenuated the expected changes in pulmonary arterial pressure and lung lymph flow after administration of endotoxin. When administered without endotoxin, r-hSOD produced no perceptible change in pulmonary hemodynamics and lung fluid balance. These data suggest that superoxide anion plays an important role in endotoxin-induced lung injury in sheep.
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PMID:Recombinant-human superoxide dismutase attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in awake sheep. 131 93

Forty-eight cattle were used in 4 experiments; 6-week-old calves in experiments 1-3 (n = 24) and 10-month-old heifers in experiment 4 (n = 24). In experiments 1-3, 7 groups of 3 calves each were inoculated SC with 5 strains of Brucella abortus: virulent strain 2308 (2 groups), vaccine strain 19 (2 groups), and mutant strains RB51. 19 delta 31K, and 19 delta SOD. Sera and lymph node tissues were examined at 2-week intervals for evidence of infection. At postinoculation (PI) week 12, 2 calves in each group were given dexamethasone for 5 days. Calves were then euthanatized and lymphoid tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow were examined for evidence of B abortus. Calves given strain 2308 had large numbers of bacteria in their lymph nodes, marked granulomatous lymphadenitis in the deep cortex, and loss of lymphoid cells in superficial cortical areas. In addition, they had high serum antibody titers at PI week 16. Calves given strain 19, or genetic mutants derived from strain 19, cleared bacteria from lymph nodes more rapidly, had less lymphoid destruction, and developed antibody titers that did not persist for 16 weeks. The RB51 strain (rough) was cleared most rapidly from lymphoid tissues and induced serum antibody responses only to the core of the lipopolysaccharide molecule. Treatment of calves with dexamethasone did not cause B abortus to reappear in tissues of any calves, nor did serum antibody titers increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bacterial survival, lymph node changes, and immunologic responses of cattle vaccinated with standard and mutant strains of Brucella abortus. 145 36

Cellular protection from immune-generated oxygen free radicals is initiated by the reduction of oxygen radicals by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD). Using rat adult (IEC-6) and fetal (IRD-98) intestinal epithelial cell lines, factors involved in the regulation of the SODs at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level were examined. Exposure of IEC-6 and IRD-98 to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) results in a marked increase in MnSOD mRNA as early as at 1 hour. Cotreatment of cells exposed to LPS or TNF-alpha with actinomycin D or cycloheximide showed that de novo transcription but not protein synthesis is required for the LPS- and TNF-alpha-dependent induction in MnSOD mRNA. Treatment with interleukin 1 beta results in a 12-fold increase in MnSOD mRNA, but no change was observed with interleukin 6 or interferon alpha. No change was observed in the level of Cu/ZnSOD mRNA under any condition tested. The results indicate that MnSOD functions as a cytokine-regulated acute phase protein involved in cellular protection from free radical-mediated damage.
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PMID:Acute-phase induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in intestinal epithelial cell lines. 149 41

The influence of cytokines on extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) expression by human dermal fibroblasts was investigated. The expression was markedly stimulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was varying between fibroblast lines stimulated or depressed by interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), was intermediately depressed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and markedly depressed by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TNF-alpha, however, enhanced the stimulation by a high dose of IFN-gamma, whereas TGF-beta markedly depressed the stimulations given by IFN-gamma and IL-1 alpha. The ratio between the maximal stimulation and depression observed was around 30-fold. The responses were generally slow and developed over periods of several days. There were no effects of IFN-alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, human growth hormone, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, and indomethacin. The cytokines influencing the EC-SOD expression are also known to influence superoxide production by leukocytes and other cell types, and the EC-SOD response pattern is roughly compatible with the notion that its function is to protect cells against extracellular superoxide radicals. The results show that EC-SOD is a participant in the complex inflammatory response orchestrated by cytokines. The CuZn-SOD activity of the fibroblasts was not influenced by any of the cytokines, whereas the Mn-SOD activity was depressed by TGF-beta. TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IFN-gamma stimulated the Mn-SOD activity, as previously known, and these responses were reduced by TGF-beta. The different responses of the three SOD isoenzymes illustrate their different physiological roles.
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PMID:Regulation by cytokines of extracellular superoxide dismutase and other superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in fibroblasts. 155 78

We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on the expression of manganese and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) mRNA and protein in resident peritoneal macrophages and lung endothelial cells derived from LPS-sensitive (LPS-s) and LPS-resistant (LPS-r) mice. Macrophages from both LPS-s and LPS-r mice treated with LPS for 24 h produced increased levels of MnSOD mRNA and protein. In contrast, levels of lung endothelial cell MnSOD mRNA and protein from LPS-s mice were increased by LPS treatment, while no increases in these parameters were observed in endothelial cells from LPS-r mice. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) treatment, however, did increase levels of MnSOD mRNA in both LPS-s and LPS-r endothelial cells to an equal extent. Both macrophage and endothelial cell Cu/ZnSOD mRNA and protein levels were not significantly affected by LPS treatment. These results demonstrate that the mutation that affects susceptibility to LPS in LPS-r mice exerts a differential influence on MnSOD inducibility in a cell specific manner.
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PMID:Mn and Cu/Zn SOD expression in cells from LPS-sensitive and LPS-resistant mice. 155 15

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and corneal endothelial (CE) cells, because of their locations and functions, are continuously exposed to toxic oxidants. Protection from these toxic materials may be due, in part, to the action of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. We have established the presence of mRNAs that encode antioxidant enzymes in bovine RPE and CE cells and have determined the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on their expression. The most striking change in antioxidant enzyme expression is an increase in the level of mitochondrial manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA in the LPS-treated RPE and CE cells. This increase in mRNA expression is accompanied by a slight increase in MnSOD activity as determined by SOD activity gels.
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PMID:Regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression in LPS-treated bovine retinal pigment epithelial and corneal endothelial cells. 172 Mar 68

1. Incubation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) from bovine aorta for 3 min with human washed platelets treated with indomethacin (10 microM) promoted a cell number-related inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (40 mu ml-1). This inhibition was not attributable to products of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway for the SMC were also treated with indomethacin (10 microM). 2. The inhibitory activity of the SMC on platelet aggregation was enhanced by incubating the SMC with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 micrograms ml-1) for a period of 9 to 24 h. This effect was attenuated when cycloheximide (10 micrograms ml-1) was incubated together with LPS. Cycloheximide did not prevent the inhibitory activity of the non-treated cells. 3. The inhibition of platelet aggregation obtained with non-treated or LPS-treated SMC was potentiated by superoxide dismutase (SOD, 60 u ml-1) and ablated by oxyhaemoglobin (OxyHb, 10 microM). Preincubation of the SMC with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 30-300 microM) for 60 min prevented their antiaggregatory activity. This effect was reversed by concurrent incubation with L-arginine (L-Arg, 100 microM) but not with D-arginine (D-Arg, 100 microM). 4. Exposure of the non-treated SMC (5 x 10(5) cells) to stirring (1000 r.p.m., 37 degrees C) for 10 min led to a significant increase in their levels of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) but not adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP). L-NMMA (300 microM) attenuated the increase in cyclic GMP induced by stirring but did not affect the basal levels of cyclic GMP in the cells.5. These findings support the idea that non-treated or LPS-treated cultured SMC can produce an NO-like factor. Production by the latter requires protein synthesis as evidenced by blockade with cycloheximide. This NO-like factor may play a role in the auto-regulation of smooth muscle cell reactivity through a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism.
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PMID:Nitric oxide from vascular smooth muscle cells: regulation of platelet reactivity and smooth muscle cell guanylate cyclase. 172 27

Rat serosal mast cells (MCs, 85-90% pure), obtained from peritoneal washing of Wistar albino rats, produced a significant amount of superoxide anions (O2.-) as measured by the increase in absorbance due to the reduction of ferricytochrome c; they were also able to generate a nitric oxide (NO)-like factor, as measured by two bioassay systems: i) inhibition of platelet aggregation and ii) stimulation of MCs guanylate cyclase. Incubation of MCs with human washed platelets resulted in an inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation which was proportional to cell number. The inhibitory activity of MCs was potentiated by substances which preserve NO (superoxide dismutase, SOD), and reversed by compounds which inactivate NO (oxyhaemoglobin, oxyHb) or which inhibit its synthesis (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, MeArg). Mechanical stimulation of MCs produced a time-dependent increase in the levels of their cGMP but not cAMP; this increase was enhanced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). NO generators such as sodium nitroprusside (NaNp) also augmented the levels of cGMP in MCs. NaNp inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the release of histamine evoked by compound 48/80 (0.5 microgram/ml), but not by the O2.--generating system (xanthine-xanthine oxidase), suggesting a bidirectional regulation of histamine release afforded by O2.- and NO.
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PMID:Mast cells as a source of superoxide anions and nitric oxide-like factor: relevance to histamine release. 172 22

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was shown to produce an induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) mRNA levels in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Additional studies in porcine PAEC also demonstrated induction of Mn SOD mRNA in response to the inflammatory mediators interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. On the other hand, we observed no change in Mn SOD mRNA within 24 h of a hyperoxic exposure. The induction of Mn SOD by LPS was blocked by both a RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The data implicate the involvement of Mn SOD in the acute phase response of pulmonary endothelial cells.
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PMID:Regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. 205 89


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