Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sections of spleen, bursa of Fabricius or thymus glands from 17-day-old chick embryos stimulated with sheep red blood cells, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide were stained by an "indirect" peroxidase technique that differentiates eosinophils from heterophils and cell counts were carried out. The tissues were also examined with the electron microscope. Whatever stimulus had been used, the light microscopical examination revealed that the predominant granulocytes belonged to the peroxidase-negative heterophil series, outnumbering the peroxidase-positive eosinophils. There were no significant changes in the number of cells between treatments and the saline-injected controls, except in the case of PHA-P stimulation, where a slight reduction in the number of heterophils and a concomitant increase in eosinophils was observed. This study has demonstrated that the heterophil is the main granulocyte present in the lymphoid organs during late embryonic life in the fowl. It challenges previously reported work that the predominant cells are eosinophils and monocytes.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte differentiation in the lymphoid organs of chick embryos after antigenic and mitogenic stimulation. 399 12

Comparative studies on tumor and adjuvant-induced depression of in vitro mitogen responses were carried out using spleen cells obtained from syngeneic tumor bearing (TB) ACI rats or from rats which had been immunized with BCG cell walls attached to oil droplets (BCGcw). These in vitro studies demonstrated that: 1) the spleen cells from TB rats (TB-spleen cells) showed strongly depressed mitogen responses to concanavalin-A (Con-A), phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2) the mitogen response of lymph node cells from TB rats was slightly depressed, 3) the removal of plastic or nylon-wool adherent cells or phagocytic cells from TB-spleen cells resulted in a restoration of the mitogen response, 4) the Con-A response of normal spleen cells could be suppressed by the addition of TB-whole spleen cells, 5) the suppressor cell activity was not abrogated by the in vitro treatment with x-irradiation (2000 rads), 6) carbonyl-iron treated TB-spleen cells showed a normal level of mitogen response, and on addback to normal spleen cells no suppressive activity was detected in them. Similar results were observed when spleen cells were obtained from BCGcw immunized rats. These results suggest that in ACI rats tumor-induced nonspecific suppressor cells detected by in vitro assay are the same cell populations as BCGcw-induced nonspecific suppressor cells.
 ...
PMID:Comparative studies on tumor and adjuvant (BCGcw)-induced nonspecific suppressor cells in rats. 623 67

Immunological cell functions were evaluated during 24, 48 and 96 h O2 exposure in C57Bl/6 mice. A normobaric O2 exposure resulted in depression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to oxazolone and Staphylococcus aureus antigens. This effect was proportional to the duration of O2 exposure. The antibody response of splenic cells was more rapidly (24 h O2 exposure) and markedly depressed using a T-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cell, SRBC) than with a T-independent antigen (trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide, TNP-LPS). While mitogen-induced proliferative responses of spleen cells to Con A and PHA were inhibited after 72 h of O2 exposure, proliferative responses to LPS were inhibited after 96 h. A dissociated antigen and mitogen responses was observed after a short time of O2 exposure (48 h): the antigen specific responses were impaired with a more pronounced effect on T lymphocytes, whereas the DNA synthesis in response to mitogen remained normal.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of immunological depression in mice exposed to normobaric oxygen. 636 Apr 40

Guinea pig monokines produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were found in high (50,000-80,000) and low (10,000-30,000) molecular weight (m.w.) fractions by gel filtration. Both showed enhancing activity on the proliferative response of guinea pig and mouse thymocytes to PHA, but the high m.w. (65K) monokine was much more efficient than the low m.w. (15K) monokine in enhancing the response of lymph node T cells to PHA, suggesting its importance in the activation of peripheral T cells. The 65K monokine was coeluted with BSA present in the culture medium by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, but was clearly separated from it by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The immunoadsorption experiment with anti-BSA-coupled gel also indicated that 65K monokine is not a complex of low m.w. monokine with BSA. Our series of studies showed that most monokine activities were always found in the 65K fraction in guinea pigs. Thus, in guinea pigs, the 65K component appears to constitute a major class of T cell-activating monokines.
 ...
PMID:T cell-activating monokines in guinea pigs: comparison of high and low molecular weight factors. 637 91

Incubation of murine spleen cells, or enriched T-cell populations, with the T-cell-dependent polyclonal mitogens Con-A or PHA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 45Ca2+ uptake. This effect was observed after a delay of about 30 to 60 min, reached a maximum after 2-4 h and lasted up to 6 h. Similarly, the calcium ionophore A23187 caused an increased Ca2+ uptake, although this was faster, occurring within a few minutes, reaching a maximum at 15 min and lasting for about 2-4 h. No change in Ca2+ uptake was observed using a specific B-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide) or B-cell preparations. Nifedipine, a calcium channel-blocking agent, inhibited activation of lymphocytes in a primary immune response (mixed lymphocyte reaction and formation of plaque forming cells in vitro) but was unable to interfere with proliferating cell lines or a secondary immune response. Incubation of Con-A-activated lymphocytes with the immunosuppressive agent CS-A caused an additional increase in calcium uptake, whereas no change in calcium uptake was observed when resting lymphocytes or B-cells activated by LPS were incubated with cyclosporin. A similar potentiation of Con-A-induced calcium uptake was seen with hydrocortisone, but not with cytostatic agents or anti-lymphocyte serum. Submaximal calcium uptake induced by the ionophore A23187 was potentiated by CS-A and hydrocortisone as well as by cytostatic agents and ALS.
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) modulates the Ca2+ uptake of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. 644 37

The immunity system condition was studied in 118 patients with breast cancer of stage III who received combination chemotherapy: 91 patients--according to the Cooper scheme and 27 patients--according to CMF scheme. The reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT) was determined by three mitogens: phytohemagglutinin (PHA "O"), PHA "D" and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of Ig A, G, M were also determined. A decrease in immunological indices of different degree was observed in all patients. LBT was proved to have a high response to phytohemagglutinin "O" and it is recommended for immunological investigations. No significant changes in the immunological state of LPS were revealed.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction induced by various mitogens in the polychemotherapy of patients with breast cancer]. 649 35

Leukemia in AKR mice was found to be associated with the presence of a serum factor(s) termed AKR leukemic suppressor factor (AKR-LSF). Suppression was quantitated by measuring the inhibition of PHA-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation by normal AKR spleen cells at various dilutions of leukemic mouse serum (LMS). AKR-LSF activity was expressed as units per milliliter, which is the reciprocal of the LMS dilution that inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by 50% with respect to fetal calf serum control cultures. The amount of activity in the serum directly correlated to the rate of tumor cell growth. Mice receiving 10(7) BW5147 transplanted leukemia cells had 130 +/- 12 units of AKR-LSF activity/ml of serum compared to 40 +/- 8 units/ml for mice with spontaneous leukemia. Normal mouse serum contained 33 +/- 11 units/ml. The leukemic serum exhibited no strain specificity in either phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide assays, but was found to be twofold more inhibitory against mouse spleen cells than that against rat spleen cells. Human lymphocyte blastogenesis was not inhibited by the leukemic serum. LMS did not inhibit the growth of L929 fibroblasts or murine tumor cells in vitro. Further work is necessary to determine what role the suppressor factor may play in the regulation of antitumor cell immunity.
 ...
PMID:Identification and characterization of a soluble suppressor factor(s) in the serum of AKR mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia. 660 7

Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of carp respond in vitro to a variety of phytomitogens, shown to be T-cell specific or B-cell specific in mammalian systems. Some basic differences have been observed in the proliferative response of carp PBL to PHA (phytohemagglutinin), ConA ( concanvalin A) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide): (1) The response to PHA and ConA was found to be highly dependent upon the continuous presence of mitogen in the medium, in contrast to LPS, where after the initial stimulation, cells could continue to proliferate for several days without mitogen. (2) Lymphoblasts grown in long term culture with either PHA or Con A could be transferred into medium containing the other mitogen without impairing cell proliferation, but cell growth was reduced to background level following transfer into LPS-containing medium. LPS grown cells continue to proliferate independently of the mitogen content of the medium. (3) Co-stimulation with LPS+PHA or LPS+ConA results in a synergistic response, while co-stimulation with PHA+ConA results in inhibition of DNA synthesis. (4) Several morphological differences have been observed between cells proliferating in the presence of PHA and those proliferating in the presence of LPS. It is suggested that while the PHA and ConA responsive cells may belong to the same lymphocyte subpopulation, they are distinct from the LPS-responsive subpopulation.
 ...
PMID:Heterogeneity of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes in carp (Cyprinus carpio). 672 93

We have previously described an epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which is produced by the murine PAM 212 keratinocyte cell line. ETAF appeared to be similar to macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) in its biologic activities and biochemical characteristics. Both IL 1 and ETAF augment thymocyte proliferation, enhance lymphocyte production of interleukin 2 (IL 2), and are 15,000 m.w. polypeptides that are stable at pH 4 to 11 and from -70 degrees C to 60 degrees C. In this study we describe a quantitative microassay to obtain standardized assessment of ETAF activity, which enabled us to further define the characteristics of ETAF and its relationship to IL 1. Just as stimulated macrophages produce more IL 1 activity, Pam 212 keratinocyte production of ETAF activity was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica. Increased levels were also obtained by mechanical disruption of confluent monolayers of keratinocytes and by blocking proliferation of the Pam 212 cells with hydroxyurea at the G1/S interphase. These observations in conjunction with a concomitant decrease in keratinocyte viability suggest that "injurious" stimuli that prolong the G1 phase of the cell cycle factor ETAF production. ETAF, like murine IL 1, has an isoelectric point of 5.2. The same subpopulations of PNA-thymocytes that respond to PHA and IL 1 are responsible for the enhanced proliferative response to ETAF. Furthermore, as in the case of IL 1, PNA- Lyt-2- thymocytes were most responsive to ETAF, but not PNA+ LYt-2+ thymocytes. Finally, ETAF activity, like IL 1, appears to be a mitogenic signal for fibroblasts. Although produced by different cell types, these observations continue to support the view that ETAF may be identical or closely related to IL 1.
 ...
PMID:Murine epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor resembles murine interleukin 1. 680 Nov 32

The cellular origin and target specificity of two types of soluble mediators viz., the inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IDS) and the stimulator of DNA synthesis (SDS) have been studied. These mediators were produced by human and murine lymphocytes derived from different organs and stimulated by different mitogens, viz. phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their target effect was quantitated by assessing the 3H-thymidine incorporation of murine and human lymphocytes stimulated by different T and B cell mitogens (Con A, PHA and LPS). IDS activity was detected in supernatants of PHA stimulated lymphocytes originated from immunologically hyporeactive patients (tumor-bearing patients, pregnant women) in contrast to majority of control patients. Marked "SDS" activity was produced by normal lymphocytes as tested in human and murine lymphocytes stimulated by Con A or PHA, while IDS activity was detected if the target cells were stimulated by LPS. The effects of "SDS" failed to show species specificity using human and murine test-systems.
 ...
PMID:Stimulatory and inhibitory soluble mediators produced by stimulated lymphocytes and tested in human and murine in vitro systems. 734 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>