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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipopolysaccharides from different R mutants of Salmonella minnesota and Salmonella typhimurium belonging to chemotypes Ra to Re, as well as from three SR mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were selected for a study of their precipitability with Concanavalin A. Predictions as to the outcome of the reaction could be made since both the chemical structure of the Salmonella R lipopolysaccharides and structural requirements for a positive reaction with Concanavalin A are well established. Precipitation studies in the immuno-electrophoretic assay and in the microcapillary test were carried out with alkali-treated lipopolysaccharides as untreated lipopolysaccharide is too highly aggregated to allow a sufficient migration in agarose layers. Lipopolysaccharides of all mutants--except the SR mutants--were obtained by the phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether method in order to avoid contaminations by glucans or glycogen which are known to occur in phenol/water extracted lipopolysaccharides and which would lead to erroneous results. Additional precipitation studies were carried out with two other lectins of different polysaccharide specificity: Wheat Germ Agglutinin and Soybean Agglutinin. As expected, lipopolysaccharides of chemotypes Ra, Rb1, and RcP- mutants reacted strongly with Concanavalin A, whereas no reaction was demonstrable with lipopolysaccharides of chemotypes Rb2, Rb3, Rd and Re mutants. The lipopolysaccharide of an RcP+ mutant unexpectedly failed to precipitate unless it was dephosphorylated with HF. This artificially prepared RcP-lipopolysaccharide showed a strong reaction, thus demonstrating that negative charges in the direct neighborhood of reactive sugar units as in RcP+ LPS may prevent precipitation with Concanavalin A. No reactivity demonstrable by precipitation could be obtained using either Wheat Germ Agglutinin or Soybean Agglutinin with alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide even of those chemotypes which had the supposedly reactive sugar in a terminal position, such as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Ra mutants (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) or D-galactose in Rb2 or Rb3 mutants (Soybean Agglutinin).
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PMID:Reactivity of lipopolysaccharides from various salmonella SR and R chemotypes Ra-Re mutants with concanavalin A. 76 3

An attempt was made to separate the antigenic and mitogenic properties of E. coli bacteria and bacterial lipopolysaccharide antigen inhibited the mitogenic response by the cultures but did not inhibit the induction of anti-LPS antibody or polyclonal antibody synthesis to SRBC. Dextran sulphate, acting as a B-cell mitogen, increased the mitogenic response in spleen cell cultures incubated with bacteria, but did not affect the production of anti-LPS antibody. Mild alkaline hydrolysis (0-1 N NaOH at 56 degrees) of LPS destroyed the mitogenic properties of the molecule, leaving the antigenic properties qualitatively intact. Harsher conditions of base hydrolysis destroyed both the mitogenic and antigenic properties of LPS, as determined by antigenicity in murine spleen cell cultures and haemagglutination inhibition tests.
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PMID:Separation of the mitogenic and antigenic responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 77 Mar 15

Injection of endotoxins (bacterial lipopolysaccharide: LPS) several days prior to immunization causes the suppression of antibody response. The supressive effects of several kinds of LPS preparations on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) antibody response in the spleen of mice were examined after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Glycolipids obtained from heptoseless mutants(Reform) of salmonella or its lipid A preparation coupled artificially with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are capable, like LPSobtained from a wild type (S form) strain, of inducing suppressionson of the PFC response, while alkaline-detoxified LPS can not. The refractory periods of the PFC response induced by LPS injection last only a few days. However, the use of cyclophosphamide (CY) together with LPS can extend the refractory periods of antigenic stimulation for several weeks. Injections of LPS andCY can also induce unresponsive states of OH agglutinin antibody response to antigenic stimulation with formalin-killed organisms of Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis (presumably both thymus-independent antigens). These unresponsive states induced by LPS and CY are easily terminated by a transfer of syngeneic bone marrow cells but not by thymocyte transfer.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on antibody response. 77 51

Smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium and S. minnesota, and chemotypes Ra, Rb, and Rc, which are deficient in lipopolysaccharide components of the somatic side chains and outer core region, grow normally on nutrient agar and nutrient broth up to 45 degrees C. However, most mutants with defects in the heptose region of the LPS (chemotypes Rd2 and Re) do not grow on this medium at 42 degrees C or above; a few grow at 42 degrees C but not at 45 degrees C. In liquid medium (nutrient broth, or phosphate minimal medium), growth, measured as turbidity or as colony-forming units, stops 60 to 90 min after shift from 30 to 42 degrees C; DNA and protein synthesis cease at the same time. Growth does not reoccur at 42 degrees C; protein synthesis and growth reinitiate upon shift to 30 or 37 degrees C. Growth cessation does not alter cell morphology in the phase-contrast microscope. Growth of heptose-deficient strains at 42 degrees C in nutrient broth is restored by MgCl2 (0.5 mM), NaCl (50 mM), or sucrose (100 mM). Sensitivity to smooth-specific and rough-specific phages, and analysis of LPS composition, indicate that heptose-deficient mutants grown at temperatures from 30 to 45 degrees C, and in the presence or absence of high salt, do not contain heptose or O-specific sugars in their LPS.
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PMID:Influence of temperature on growth of lipopolysaccharide-deficient (rough) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota. 78 69

A method of isolation of the antiphage agent found in the preparations of bacterial DNA was developed. Chemical analysis of the preparations has shown that according to their qualitative and quantitative composition they are identical to the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial membrane. On the basis of data on the antiphage activity of the D-LPS from E. coli B and E. coli K12 and on the basis of presumed analogy between the inactivation of the phage by the D-LPS preparations and the phage--cell interaction it is believed that different parts of the LPS serve as receptors for the phages T7 and T4: O-specific polysaccharide for T4 and core LPS for T7. On the basis of data on the activity of D-LPS of two species of the genus Aerobacter against the phage T7 it is presumed that Aerobacer and Escherichia are related according to the structure of their core LPS.
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PMID:Identification and study of species specificity of antiphage lipopolysaccharides found in the preparations of bacterial DNA. 79 28

A method of isolation of the antiphage agent found in the preparations of bacterial DNA was developed. Chemical analysis of the preparations has shown that according to their qualitative and quantitative composition they are identical to the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial membrane. On the basis of data on the antiphage activity of the D-LPS from E. coli B and E. coli K12 and on the basis of presumed analogy between the inactivation of the phage by the D-LPS preparations and the phage -- cell interaction it is believed that different parts of the LPS serve as receptors for the phages T7 and T4: O-specific polysaccharide for T4 and core LPS for T7. On the basis of data on the activity of D-LPS of two species of the genus Aerobacter against the phage T7 it is presumed that Aerobacer and Escherichia are related according to the structure of their core LPS.
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PMID:Identification and study of species specificity of antiphage lipopolysaccharides found in the preparations of bacterial DNA. 79 82

Cultures of mouse fetal liver and spleen, stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, gave rise to plasma cells staining for IgM, IgG2, IgG1, and IgA. Cells containing Igm and IgG2 were found in cultures from 17-day fetuses, coincident with the appearance of B lymphocytes bearing cell-surface IgM. IgG1- and IgA-containing cells were induced in cultures from 19-day fetuses and 1-day-old mice. The capacity to give rise to immunoglobulin-secreting cells of all classes preceded the development of a significant proliferative response to LPS; the proportions of cells staining for each class reached adult values by 1 day of age whereas the proliferative response did not mature until 3 weeks.
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PMID:B lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. II. Response of fetal lymphocytes. 80 45

The effects of 2-deoxyglucose (DOG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, on guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained from peritoneal exudates was examined. ATP levels in PMN were reduced by 40% by one hour following an incubation with 2-deoxyglucose. When complement (C3) coated 14C-staphylococcus aureus, C3 coated lipopolysaccharide-paraffin oil droplets (LPS-PO), 14C-pneumococcus opsonized with IgG, or albumin coated paraffin oil droplets opsonized with IgG were added to cell suspensions containing DOG, the phagocytizing rate was 1,310+/-55 cpm/5 X 10(6) cells/15 minutes, 6+/-2 microng paraffin oil (PO)/10(7) cells/minute, 2,250+/-175 cpm/1 X 10(6) cells/20 minutes or 0.037+/-0.01 mg PO/10(7) cells/minute compared to control values of 5,970+/-275 cpm/5 X 10(6) cells/15 minutes, 35+/-3 microng PO/10(7) cells/15 minutes, 4,510+/-200 cpm/1 X 10(6) cells/20 minutes and 0.067+/-0.01 mg PO/10(7) cells/minute. In parallel studies the phagocytic index for latex was 0.74+/-0.28 in DOG compared to control of 2.36+/-1.13 and the phagocytic rate of albumin coated paraffin oil droplets was 0.029+/-0.01 mg PO/10(7) PMN/minute in DOG compared to control of 0.048 mg PO/10(7) cells/minute. When ATP levels were maintained by the simultaneous addition of 5 mM glucose or pyruvate to media containing DOG, latex ingestion was improved to 1.15+/-0.3 with glucose and 1.59+/-0.64 with pyruvate and albumin coated particles to 0.045+/-0.01 mg PO/10(7) PMN/minute with pyruvate. There was no improvement in the uptake of either the C3 dependent particles or IgG coated Pneumococci in media containing DOG and glucose and/or pyruvate. Following the removal of DOG from the extracellular medium and the addition of pyruvate or glucose, phagocytosis of C3 dependent LPS-PO was restored to normal values. Neither the binding of C3 or IgG coated particles to the PMN nor the lateral movement of glycoprotein utilizing concanavalin A capping was affected by DOG. Thus, the presence of DOG in the PMN containing adequate amounts of ATP will selectively and reversibly inhibit those surface events required for phagocytosis of C3 and IgG bound particles but not latex particles or albumin particles which non-specifically bind to PMN.
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PMID:The effect of 2-deoxyglucose on guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis. 85 41

Mice of different genotypes were immunized with Salmonella anatum. The cross-reactivity patterns of their IgM anti-S. anatum lipopolysaccharide (LPSAN) antibodies were characterized by their relative avidity toward heterologous LPS. When the LPS from S.cholera suis (LPSCHS) was used as the heterologous LPS, clear differences between mouse strains were found. DBA/2 and DBA/1 showed cross-reacting IgM, whereas C57BL/10, C57BL/6 BABL/c-Igb and B10. D2 had mainly noncross-reacting IgM. In C3H and C57BL/6-Iga, individual mice express either the cross-reacting or the noncross-reacting antibodies. The IgM antibodies from individual mice were further characterized for their cross-reactivity toward the LPS from S. strasbourg (LPSSTR) and S illinois (LPSILL). Only individual patterns with no correlation to the cross-reactivity pattern with LPSCHS were found.This shows that more than one antibody type is characterized by cross-reactivity.(B10.D2 X DBA/1)F1 mice showed a biphasic distribution of cross-reactivity. Of the F1 X DBA backcross mice 21% had IgM antibodies which showed no cross-reaction with LPSCHS. This still is in agreement with one locus controlling this phenotype. This locus segregates independently from Ig allotype since no correlation was found between allotype and cross-reactivity pattern in F1 X DBA backcross mice.
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PMID:Inheritance of antibody specificity: the IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide response in mice. 99 9

Spleen cells from C3H/Hej mice (H-2k) respond poorly to the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide in vitro as compared to the related strains C3H/Tif (H-2k) and CBA/Orl (H-2k). The electrokinetic properties of splenic lymphocytes from these 3 strains were investigated in parallel, in order to both quantitate low-mobility B cell and high-mobility T cell populations and measure their mean electrophoretic mobilities. C3H/Hej mice were found to possess the same proportion (55%) of LM cells as C3H/Tif and CBA/Orl mice. Therefore, the low LPS-responsiveness of C3H/Hej is not due to a numerical deficiency in B cells. Whereas the mean EPM of HM cells was identical in the 3 strains, that of LM cells was slightly (6%) but significantly (Student's t test, P less than 0.01) lower in C3H/Hej than in the high LPS-responder controls. This suggests that the membrane-structure required for activating interaction with LPS might contribute to B-cell electronegative surface-charge.
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PMID:Electrokinetic properties of splenic lymphocytes from the low-lipopolysaccharide responder C3H/Hej mice. 108 4


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