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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 0104 antigen (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of Escherichia coli has an acidic O specific polysaccharide. From the aqueous phase of a phenol water extraction of E. coli O104: K-, a fraction was obtained by ultracentrifugation and Cetavlon precipitation of the supernatant, which was enriched in long-chain LPS. Compositional analysis, NMR spectroscopy, periodate oxidation and methylation analysis showed that the polysaccharide chain of O104 LPS II consisted of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and neuraminic acid and acetate in the molar ratio of 2:1:1:1 and contained 3-beta Gal, 3-beta GalNAc, 4-alpha Gal, and 4-alpha(9-OAc-NeuNAc) in linear sequence. The same results were obtained with the capsular K9 polysaccharide from E. coli O9:K9, as presented here and reported previously (Dutton et al. (1987) Carbohydr. Res. 170, 193-206).
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PMID:Structure of the Escherichia coli 0104 polysaccharide and its identity with the capsular K9 polysaccharide. 158 60

Glycocalyx (or slime), which is an important virulence factor of many pathogenic bacteria, was isolated from Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Organisms were grown for 24 h in a chemically defined, dialysable liquid medium. Bacteria were centrifuged and the supernatant was concentrated and dialysed against distilled water. Total carbohydrate and protein were estimated using standard methods. Thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography of trifluoro acetic acid hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed samples provided evidence for the presence of polysaccharide, the absence of nucleic acids and lipopolysaccharide and for the identification of the individual sugar residues. Glucose, mannose and galactose (B. fragilis), glucose (B. thetaiotaomicron), and glucose and heptose (S. epidermidis) were the sugar residues detected. Uronic acid and hexosamine were detected in all species. Glycocalyx preparations (1 mg/ml) from Bacteroides and Staphylococcus significantly inhibited the chemiluminescence and chemotactic responses of viable human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), but were not toxic for PMNL.
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PMID:Bacteroides and Staphylococcus glycocalyx: chemical analysis, and the effects on chemiluminescence and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 158 43

Three water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from flower buds of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HIB 1,2,3). The neutral polysaccharides (HIB 1 and 2) are composed of arabinans and arabinogalactans of low relative molecular mass. The major fraction was investigated by methylation analysis, pectinase-treatment, mild acid hydrolysis and NMR studies, and it was shown to be a pectin-like molecule (Mr = 10(5)d). The main chain is composed of alpha-1,4-linked GalA (24% methyl-esterified) and alpha-1,2-linked Rha. Side chains are built of Gal and Ara and are connected to the main chain via C-4 of every third Rha. Its structure seems to be different from polysaccharide structures described in other species of the Hibiscus genus and the Malvaceae family. All fractions were assayed for possible immune-modulating effects. All fractions showed some activity, but the main acidic fraction was contaminated with lipopolysaccharide, and therefore its shown activity has to be discussed carefully.
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PMID:Chemical structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa. 162 Jul 46

We investigated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by alveolar macrophages (AM) in mice (C57BL/6). The results obtained are as follows: (1) In vivo tobacco smoke exposure caused a significant decrease in the production of TNF alpha by AM with the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; control group: 19.32 +/- 5.52 U/ml, smoked group: 4.28 +/- 0.98 U/ml; p less than 0.05). (2) In vitro exposure of AM to tobacco smoke extracts (water-soluble extracts) also caused a decrease in the production of TNF alpha up to 93% of control with stimulation of LPS (p less than 0.05) without any decrease in cellular viability. We concluded that the production of TNF alpha by AM was impaired by smoking via direct action of the factors present in tobacco smoke.
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PMID:Inhibition of mouse alveolar macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by acute in vivo and in vitro exposure to tobacco smoke. 162 Sep 85

Chemically induced hypothyroidism changes the functions of rat alveolar macrophages. Treatment of female rats with an anti-thyroid drug, methimazole (1% aqueous solution in drinking water for 6 weeks) significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the ability of alveolar macrophages (MAM) to phagocytose and kill the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Undigested yeasts were observed in phagolysosomes within MAM using transmission electron microscopy. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and the Fc receptor binding ability for immunoglobulin G, were lowered in MAM when compared with control macrophages (CAM). MAM also produced less tumor necrosis factor under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide.
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PMID:Effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on alveolar macrophages. 167 73

We performed an experimental trial comparing crystalloid (Ringer's lactate) and colloid (hetastarch) resuscitation in pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs. Superior mesenteric arterial blood flow (Qsma) was measured using an ultrasonic flow probe, and ileal intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration [( H+]I) was estimated tonometrically. Beginning at t = 0 min, all animals were infused over 20 min with Escherichia coli (0111:B4) lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 micrograms/kg). Starting at t = 0 min and continuing for the duration of the experiment (3 hr), pigs in group I (N = 9) were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate (1.2 ml/kg min), whereas animals in group II (n = 9) were infused with 6% hetastarch in saline (0.4 ml/kg min). Systemic and mesenteric hemodynamic changes induced by LPS were similar in both groups; mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index decreased (P less than .05), but cardiac index was well preserved. Central venous pressure increased (P less than .05). Superior mesenteric O2 delivery decreased significantly (P less than .05) in both groups, although mesenteric O2 uptake was unchanged. Ileal [H+]I increased (P less than .05) in both groups. Gravimetrically determined extravascular water was greater in lung (P = .03) and ileum (P = .058) in group I as compared to group II. Although crystalloid infusion was associated with greater tissue edema, this effect did not translate into a difference in systemic or regional (i.e., mesenteric) O2 uptake or greater ileal tissue acidosis.
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PMID:Mesenteric oxygen metabolism, ileal mucosal hydrogen ion concentration, and tissue edema after crystalloid or colloid resuscitation in porcine endotoxic shock: comparison of Ringer's lactate and 6% hetastarch. 169 51

The cellular fatty acids from Heliobacterium chlorum, Heliobacterium gestii, and Heliobacillus mobilis were analyzed. The fatty acid contents of the three organisms were essentially the same, consisting of large amounts of branched chain and some mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Neither a phenol-water nor a phenol-petroleum ether-chloroform extraction of whole cells yielded lipopolysaccharide.
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PMID:Fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide analyses of three Heliobacterium spp. 169 89

A high-molecular-weight polysaccharide-containing antigen was isolated from a phenol-water extract of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 (formerly Y4) by gel permeation chromatography in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-disaggregating buffer. The polysaccharide antigen formed a precipitin band with rabbit serotype b-specific antiserum but not with rabbit antisera to serotype a or c. Electroblotted serotype b antigen was probed with serum from a patient with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), resulting in a diffuse "smear" in the upper region of the lane. By utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it was demonstrated that the geometric mean immunoglobulin G antibody titer to the serotype b polysaccharide was significantly higher in sera from LJP patients than in sera from periodontally healthy individuals. Moreover, LJP antibody titers to the serotype b polysaccharide exhibited age-dependent variation. Double immunodiffusion analysis revealed that the serotype b antigen formed a line of identity with low-molecular-weight LPS following reaction with serotype b-specific antiserum. Incubation of LJP serum in the presence of a lipid-free polysaccharide moiety obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 markedly reduced immunoglobulin G titer to the serotype b antigen. In contrast, solubilized lipid A was only weakly inhibitory. The results of this study indicate that the serotype b-specific determinant of A. actinomycetemcomitans resides in the polysaccharide moiety of LPS and represents a major target for immunoglobulin G antibody in serum of LJP subjects colonized by this organism.
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PMID:Evidence that the serotype b antigenic determinant of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 resides in the polysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharide. 170 23

A genomic library of the V. cholerae 178 (Eltor biotype, Ogawa serotype) was constructed by using cosmid pHC 79 as a cloning vector. We screened the library with immune agglutination test and colonies solid phase ELISA. 13 positive recombinants which could express the O antigen of the V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were acquired. The LPS was then extracted from a positive recombinant PMM-VO 38 by using hot phenol-water method. It was found that purified LPS specifically reacted to antisomatic serum against the V. cholerae. The restriction endonucleases analysis showed that the molecular weight of the recombination cosmid PMM-VO 38 was about 46 kb.
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PMID:[Molecular cloning of lipopolysaccharide genes of the Vibrio cholerae in E. coli HB101]. 170 66

The 2.05 angstrom (A) resolution crystal structure of a dodecasaccharide-Fab complex revealed an unusual carbohydrate recognition site, defined by aromatic amino acids and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains that are features of transport and other carbohydrate binding proteins. A trisaccharide epitope of a branched bacterial lipopolysaccharide fills this hydrophobic pocket (8 A deep by 7 A wide) in an entropy-assisted association (association constant = 2.05 x 10(5) liters per mole, enthalpy = -20.5 +/- 1.7 kilojoules per mole, and temperature times entropy = +10.0 +/- 2.9 kilojoules per mole). The requirement for the complementarity of van der Waals surfaces and the requirements of saccharide-saccharide and protein-saccharide hydrogen-bonding networks determine the antigen conformation adopted in the bound state.
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PMID:Recognition of a cell-surface oligosaccharide of pathogenic Salmonella by an antibody Fab fragment. 171 10


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