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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipopolysaccharides from different R mutants of Salmonella minnesota and Salmonella typhimurium belonging to chemotypes Ra to Re, as well as from three SR mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were selected for a study of their precipitability with Concanavalin A. Predictions as to the outcome of the reaction could be made since both the chemical structure of the Salmonella R lipopolysaccharides and structural requirements for a positive reaction with Concanavalin A are well established. Precipitation studies in the immuno-electrophoretic assay and in the microcapillary test were carried out with alkali-treated lipopolysaccharides as untreated lipopolysaccharide is too highly aggregated to allow a sufficient migration in agarose layers. Lipopolysaccharides of all mutants--except the SR mutants--were obtained by the phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether method in order to avoid contaminations by glucans or glycogen which are known to occur in phenol/water extracted lipopolysaccharides and which would lead to erroneous results. Additional precipitation studies were carried out with two other lectins of different polysaccharide specificity: Wheat Germ Agglutinin and Soybean Agglutinin. As expected, lipopolysaccharides of chemotypes Ra, Rb1, and RcP- mutants reacted strongly with Concanavalin A, whereas no reaction was demonstrable with lipopolysaccharides of chemotypes Rb2, Rb3, Rd and Re mutants. The lipopolysaccharide of an RcP+ mutant unexpectedly failed to precipitate unless it was dephosphorylated with HF. This artificially prepared RcP-lipopolysaccharide showed a strong reaction, thus demonstrating that negative charges in the direct neighborhood of reactive sugar units as in RcP+ LPS may prevent precipitation with Concanavalin A. No reactivity demonstrable by precipitation could be obtained using either Wheat Germ Agglutinin or Soybean Agglutinin with alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide even of those chemotypes which had the supposedly reactive sugar in a terminal position, such as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Ra mutants (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) or D-galactose in Rb2 or Rb3 mutants (Soybean Agglutinin).
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PMID:Reactivity of lipopolysaccharides from various salmonella SR and R chemotypes Ra-Re mutants with concanavalin A. 76 3

Factors that may determine the variable resistance of urinary strains of Escherichia coli to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum have been analysed. No statistically significant difference was found in the amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that could be extracted from serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains by either the phenol-water or warm-saline techniques. The ratio of LPS O-side-chain sugars to core sugars was not found to be significantly greater in serum-resistant than in serum-sensitive strains. A sugar resembling D-glycero-D-mannoheptose was found in LPS from some of the strains; in one case the sugar was shown to be associated with the O-side chain moiety. Lipopolysaccharides from all but two of the strains contained the E. coli R1 core structure. No consistent difference was observed between serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains in either the amount of acidic polysaccharide extracted or its red-cell agglutination-inhibiting activity; nor was a clear relationship found between sensitivity to serum and sensitivity to R-specific bacteriophages. It is concluded that no one mechanism of serum resistance explains the response to serum of the E. coli strains examined in this study.
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PMID:Immunochemical investigations on lipopolysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides from serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary-tract infections. 79 76

Heated saline extracts of 89 strains, and (1) supernates of phenol-water extracts (L1 fractions), (2) purified lipopolysaccharide, (3) trichloracetic-acid (TCA) extracts, and (4) sodium-hydroxide extracts of 23 strains representing all Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens were subjected electrophoresis. Precipitation lines obtained with homologous and heterologous antisera were evaluated by electrodensitometric measurement. The characteristics of the immunoelectrophoretic groups established were as follows. Group I: two lines running at different rates towards the anode; three subgroups on the basis of the behaviour of alkali-treated antigens. Group II: triple line at the starting well, alkali sensitive. Group III: triple line at the starting well, alkali resistant; two subgroups according to reactivity or non-reactivity of L1 fractions. Group IV: triple line on the cathode side, alkali resistant, L1 fraction non-reactive. Group V: single line on the anode side, alkali sensitive, L1 fraction and TCA extract non-reactive. O antigens identified by agglutination corresponded closely with the immunoelectrophoretic pattern: strains with identical O antigens or sharing major somatic components fell, with one exception, into the same immunoelectrophoretic group.
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PMID:Classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens by immunoelectrophoresis. 80 87

Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material. This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified. The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material. The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7). In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine. The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C-5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position. The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected. The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted. Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis. The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc. The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained.
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PMID:Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. 81 Dec 18

Liopolysaccharides were prepared from six organisms by the use of two cell-disruption procedures before conventional phenol-water extraction. Disruption of cells by grinding with glass beads or by digestion with hen egg white lysozyme before phenol extraction facilitated rapid purification and greater yields of lipopolysaccharide. Pretreatment of cells with lysozyme in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was the most efficient method in terms of lipopolysaccharide yield and ease of preparation. Increase in lipopolysaccharide yield achieved by use of the lysozyme method, compared with the conventional phenol extraction, varied from 1.7- to 12.4-fold. Preparations were designated as pure according to several criteria and were judged not to have undergone changes as a result of prephenol extraction procedures.
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PMID:Improved techniques for the preparation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. 81 82

From Escherichia coli 0124 two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained with phenol/water extraction and cetavlon precipitation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and chemical analysis showed that the two preparations from E. coli 0124 and the corresponding preparations from Shigella dysenteriae type 3 reacted alike. The O-specific polysaccharide moiety was characterized with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical rotation and paper electrophoresis. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The polysaccharide contained glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), galactosamine (GalN) and 4-O-(1'-carboxyethyl)-D-glucopyranose (glucolactilic acid, GlcLA) in the molar ratios of 1:2:1:1. Glucolactilic acid, which has a structure similar to muramic acid, was first found in Sh. dysenteriae. The polysaccharide from E. coli 0124 and oligosaccharides obtained from it by partial acid hydrolysis were subjected to methylation analysis using the method of combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide is (see article). In the polysaccharide the repeating units are joined through galactofuranosidic linkages. This structure is identical with that of the somatic polysaccharide of Sh. dysenterae type 3.
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PMID:Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'Shigella-like' Escherichia coli 0124. Structure of the polysaccharide chain. 81 66

Two derivatives of wax D, one possessing immunogenicity and the other adjuvant activity, were tested for the possible role in the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. The former, a water-soluble arthritogenic and immunogenic component (WAC), in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, was able to induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and mild AA, but failed to function as an adjuvant in rats. The latter, an acetylated wax D (AD) and its subfraction, AD6, did exert adjuvant activity, but were free from immunogenicity and arthritogenicity. The addition of AD or AD6 to the WAC in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, when injected into inguinal lymph nodes, resulted in the production of severe AA with high incidence. Other adjuvants such as pertussis vaccine and lipopolysaccharide could not replace AD6; they failed to enhance AA when combined with the WAC. Also, other mycobacterial antigen, PPD, could not replace wax D-derived WAC; it did not induce AA when coupled with AD6, although it did induce DH to PPD.
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PMID:Synergism of immunogenic and adjuvant-active components of mycobacterial wax D in the induction of adjuvant arthritis. 82 21

A toxic component obtained by phenol extraction of Listeria monocytogenes 9-125 was found to have a molecular weight of about 2 X 10(6). This material was composed of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, phosphorus, and a component resembling 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate. Infrared spectrums indicated that similarities existed between this material and Salmonella abortus-equi lipopolysaccharide. Mild acid hydrolysis produced water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with aqueous phase extracts were agglutinated by antiserums against the whole listerial cells. Further, lethality tests conducted in chicken embryos showed that this component was toxic to them.
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PMID:Certain chemical and biological properties of phenol extracts from Listeria monocytogenes. 82 86

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Chromatium vinosum has anticomplementary activity. This anticomplementary activity is destroyed by alkaline digestion of the LPS and is suppressed by both Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. Treatment of the LPS with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium deoxycholate, or dimethyl sulfoxide did not affect its toxicity toward mice; however, alkaline-treated LPS was not toxic. Treatment of the LPS with sodium deoxycholate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in reversible dissociation into subunits. Aggregation of the subunits into the original form was achieved by removing the dispersing agent by dialysis against distilled water followed by freezing and thawing. Electron micrographs of phenol-extracted LPS showed long filaments. Electron micrographs of sodium deoxycholate- and sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated and dialyzed LPS showed a mixture of small subunits and short filaments, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide-treated and dialyzed LPS contained only small ovoid spheres. The LPS produced an ordered series of multiple bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A similar banding pattern was observed for Salmonella abortus-equi and Proteus mirabilis LPS. The C. vinosum LPS appears to be mitogenic for mouse spleen cells.
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PMID:Biological and physicochemical properties of the lipopolysaccharide of Chromatium vinosum. 89 3

Mice were exposed to 0, 13, or 1,300 ppm lead in drinking water for 18 months. The immunological assays examined were mitogen (lipopolysaccharide E. coli, concanavalin A, and phytohemagglutinin-P) stimulation of lymphocytes; erythrocyte-antibody (EA), erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC), and phagocytosis of macrophages; and EAC of splenic lymphocytes. As measured by the majority of these assays, the low dosage (13 ppm) of lead tended to stimulate certain immune responses (lymphocyte mitosis, EA, and EAC) while the high dosage (1,300 pm) did not provoke an appreciable alteration. The results were interpreted by comparing data on aged mice with data on young adult mice. It was apparent from this comparison that the aged mice were naturally immunosuppressed. Therefore, the results obtained from lead-exposed mice were unpredictable.
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PMID:Immune response in aged mice exposed to lead. 92 5


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