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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bacterial component responsible for the induction of transient cold agglutinin syndrome in rabbits after intravenous injection of heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes type 4B has been purified and biologically and chemically characterized. A purified immunoglobulin M cold agglutinin was prepared from high-titer sera resulting from the immunization of rabbits with heat-killed L. monocytogenes type 4B and was subsequently used to monitor the purification of the bacterial component responsible for its induction. The bacterial component was isolated from a hot phenol-water extract of lyophilized L. monocytogenes type 4B by multiple molecular sieve chromatography. Upon chemical analysis the purified material was found to be strikingly similar in chemical composition to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. The material contained 15% total fatty acid (of which 50% was beta-hydroxymyristic acid), 40 to 45% neutral sugar (glucose, galactose, and rhamnose), 11.5% amino sugar, 12% uronic acid, 2.5% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, 2% heptose, 0.87% phosphorus, and 1.6% amino acid, thereby accounting for 85 to 90% of the weight of the component. Electron micrographs of the purified material were similar to those of lipopolysaccharide preparations from gram-negative organisms. The purified material exist in aqueous solutions as large aggregates, but can be dissociated into a single smaller subunit (3.1S) by dialysis against sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. The listerial component was toxic and pyrogenic to rabbits, producing symptoms typical of gram-negative endotoxins. Activity in the limulus lysate gelation assay and in the carbocyanine dye assay provides a further link of this material with classical gram-negative endotoxins.
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PMID:Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes. 11 Jun 84

L-forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were induced and cultured on a medium supplemented with carbenicillin. Morphological studies of the passaged variant revealed the presence of a triple-layered cell wall similar to that found in the parent species. Furthermore, the L-form was found to be more susceptible to gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline and colistin sulphate. Chemical analysis of the lipopolysaccharide fraction showed a difference in phosphorus content, and changes in cell wall envelope fatty acid content were also exhibited. It is suggested that these differences may influence the transport of certain antibiotics through the cell wall.
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PMID:Cell wall characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its carbenicillin-induced L-form. 11 13

Mild acetic acid hydrolysis of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide-protein complex) of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (S and R forms) yielded a lipid A-protein complex that consisted of amino acids, fatty acids, and sugar and, in terms of chemical composition, displayed no marked differences between the S and R forms. Its protein portion (53 to 56%) consisted of at least 16 amino acids. In the fatty acid portion (14 to 18%), myristic, 3-hydroxymyristic, palmitic, and stearic acids accounted for 50%. The sugar portion (10 to 12%) consisted solely of glucosamine. The remainder was unidentified substances, most of which contained phosphorus. Lipid A-protein complexes derived from both S and R forms were not toxic for mice in doses up to 1,000 microgram/mouse, but their Linulus test activity had increased considerably as compared with the starting lipopolysaccharide-protein complex material: from 10(-6) to 10(-10--10(-12) mg/ml. The lipid A-protein complexes were readily soluble in a water solution of triethylamine, in dimethyl sulfoxide, and in pyridine.
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PMID:Characteristics of lipid A-protein complex from endotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (S and R strains). 37 18

A lipopolysaccharide was isolated from Neisseria meningitidis group B by phenol/water extraction and purified by differential ultracentrifugation. This preparation exhibited endotoxic properties as shown by the limulus-lysate assay. Mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides yielded a lipid A fraction and a polysaccharide fraction. The lipid A fraction contained fatty acids, phosphorus and glucosamine. Analysis of the polysaccharide fraction revealed the presence of glucose, galactose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid and phosphorus. There was no heptose.
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PMID:Studies on the chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis group B. 41 70

Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev1 lipopolysaccharide was split by hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid into acid-soluble polysaccharide and lipid A. Gel filtration of the polysaccharide on Bio-Gel P-60 gave a high-molecular-weight fraction eluted with the void volume, and a fraction eluted at 2.4 x Vo. The high-molecular-weight fraction contained L-glycero-D-manno-heptose in relatively large amounts, glucose, glucosamine, an unknown amino compound and small amounts of (or no) D-glycero-D-manno-heptose. Phosphorus and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid were not detected. The other fraction contained L- and D-glycero-D-manno-heptose, glucose, glucosamine, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid and phosphorus. Further fractionation experiments and serological investigations indicated that the high-molecular-weight fraction carried the O-antigenic side chains, whereas the material eluted from Bio-Gel P-60 at 2.4 x Vo represented the core oligosaccharide.
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PMID:Immunochemical studies of partially hydrolyzed lipopolysaccharide from Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev1. 43 47

Lipid A was isolated from lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis S form (strain 341, subtype IB) using mild hydrolysis with acetic acid. The purified material (yield about 25%, molecular weight about 2900) contained D-glucosamine (11%), fatty acids (54%), protein concomitant (9.7%) and phosphorus (approximately 2%). Dodecanoic and 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acids in a molar ratio of 1 : 3.6 were detected as major fatty acid constituents. The hydroxyl groups of D-glucosamine were acylated with the residues of both fatty acids, while the amino groups were substituted with the residue of 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid. Such a simple fatty acid composition is reminiscent of that found in lipid A in Y. pestis.
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PMID:Studies on lipid A from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lipopolysaccharide. Isolation and general characterization. 69 14

The lipopolysaccharide from Thiocapsa roseopersicina was isolated by phenol/water, being found in the water phase. It is cleaved into a polysaccharide moiety (degraded polysaccharide) and lipid A by hydrolysis with 10% acetic acid (100 degree C, 3 h). D-Mannose, L-rhamnose, 3-amino-3, 6-dideoxy-D-galactose and D-glucose are the major constituents of the degraded polysaccharide. 2-O-Methyl-L-rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-D-mannose, D-galactose, glucosamine and quinovosamine are minor constituents. D-Glycer-D-manno-heptose (tentatively identified) and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid were detected in only small amounts. Conspicuously, lipid A from T. roseopersicina contains a neutral sugar, D-mannose, in addition to D-glucosamine, as had been observed with lipid A from Chromatium vinosum D. Major fatty acids are beta-hydroxymyristic and lauric acids. Only trace amounts of phosphorus were found indicating this lipid A to be free of phosphate. The lipopolysaccharide of T. roseopersicina represents the O-antigen of the strain. It reacts with antisera prepared against living or heat-killed cells in passive hemagglutination.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Thiocapsa roseopersicina. 71 Apr 28

A teichoic acid (TA) extracted from Streptococcus pyogenes 1-RP41 was previously shown to be an immunosuppressant under certain conditions (Miller and Jackson, 1973). The TA has now been shown to be a lipoteichoic acid composed of 40% glycerol, 20% alanine, 13% phosphorus, and 8% glucose, with a variable content of fatty acids. Teh presence of the polyglycerol phosphate backbone and fatty acid was required for maximum immunosuppression of the primary immunoglobulin M response to sheep cells. A complex, nonlinear, time-dependent dosage relationship in suppression of the anti-sheep erythrocyte response in mice was observed. TA depressed the anamnestic response to sheep cells in the mouse and could affect this response whether administered before the primary antigen challenge or immediately before the secondary challenge. In distinct contrast, TA enhanced antibody production to Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide when assessed by counting plaque-forming cells or measuring antilipopolysaccharide serum titers. The TA failed to stimulate a large uptake of [3H]TdR by murine spleen cells; however, it significantly enhanced the clearance of carbon by the reticuloendothelial system.
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PMID:Effects of a streptococcal lipoteichoic acid on host responses in mice. 77 34

Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material. This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified. The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material. The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7). In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine. The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C-5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position. The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected. The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted. Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis. The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc. The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained.
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PMID:Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. 81 Dec 18

A toxic component obtained by phenol extraction of Listeria monocytogenes 9-125 was found to have a molecular weight of about 2 X 10(6). This material was composed of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, phosphorus, and a component resembling 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate. Infrared spectrums indicated that similarities existed between this material and Salmonella abortus-equi lipopolysaccharide. Mild acid hydrolysis produced water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with aqueous phase extracts were agglutinated by antiserums against the whole listerial cells. Further, lethality tests conducted in chicken embryos showed that this component was toxic to them.
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PMID:Certain chemical and biological properties of phenol extracts from Listeria monocytogenes. 82 86


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