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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) in BCG-infected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior infection with BCG increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral CPS-K as well as to that of LPS. Associated with this, BCG-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by LPS but also by neutral CPS-K. In addition, a cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) was found to be released in the serum of BCG-infected mice after injection of these inducers. The kinetics of production of interferon and cytotoxin stimulated by neutral CPS-K were very similar to those stimulated by LPS. The time pattern of cytotoxin production was not in parallel with that of interferon production. Interferon reached a peak 2 hr and cytotoxin 3 hr after injection with these inducers. Interferon and cytotoxin produced by neutral CPS-K showed essentially the same stabilities to heating at 56 C and to treatment at pH 2 respectively as those produced by LPS. Interferon was inactivated by heating at 56 C more rapidly than cytotoxin. Cytotoxin was inactivated by treatment at pH 2 for 24 hr, whereas interferon activity was well preserved after this treatment. These results suggest that both activities are the result of different substances.
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PMID:Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Enhanced production of interferon and appearance of cytotoxin stimulated by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 4 Nov 63

Thymus of (C57Bl/6 x DBA/2) F1 mice was examined histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, seven days after intravenous injection of BCG, pertussis vaccine, lipopolysaccharide or human gamma globulin, or intraperitoneal injection of complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants or of phytohemagglutinin. Only BCG induced a marked increase of the secretory activity of the thymic epithelium at all histological sites (cortex, corticomedullary junction and medullar). Only with this adjuvant was the epithelial hyperplasia associated with marked mitotic activity and high percentage of cells with cytoplasmic pyroninophilia among cortical lymphoid cells. The other substances tested produced different changes in the thymic epithelial cells according to the histologic zones. These results suggest that the epithelial cells of the cortex, the corticomedullary junction and the medulla respond differently to the agents tested and that the action of these substances upon thymus-dependent lymphoid cells may be indirect perhaps involving factors secreted by the epithelial cells.
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PMID:The effects of certain immunity systemic advuvants, PHA, and human gamma globulin on the thymic cortex of mice: a light and electron microscope study. 6 71

Five murine monocyte of macrophage tumor lines adapted to culture were characterized for differentiated properties. They ingested zymosan and latex beads, bore receptors for immunoglobulin and complement, synthesized lysozyme (most of which was secreted), and produced granulocyte colony-stimulating activity, either spontaneously or inducibly. Some of the lines also mediated phagocytosis and exocytosis of red blood cells (RBC) and lysis of tumor targets, dependent on the presence of specific antitarget sera. All the lines were growth inhibited by zymosan and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, but not by latex beads. Other macrophage-activating agents, dextran sulfate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), inhibited most of the lines. Except for Fc and C receptors, most of the above properties were not found with other types of hematopoietic tumors in culture. In attempts to activate the macrophage lines in vitro to the "angry" state, we found that preincubation with concentrations of LPS and PPD cytostatic to the cells stimulated antibody-dependent RBC lysis, but not antibody-independent or tumor cytolysis. A classification of monocyte-related tumors and normal cells is proposed based on functional activities and differential sensitivity to immunostimulating agents.
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PMID:Immunologic functions and in vitro activation of cultured macrophage tumor lines. 10 54

The cellular origins of type I and type II interferons released into the circulation of mice with delayed hypersensitivity were investigated. We determined the effect of treatment with various immunosuppressive agents, including cyclophosphamide, cycloheximide, antithymocyte serum, and whole-body X-irradiation, on the release of interferons after intravenous injection of specific (old tuberculin) or nonspecific (lipopolysaccharide) stimuli. The results suggest that (i) a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes (T and B cells) produces type II interferon, (ii) type I interferon is produced by a different cell population, and (iii) type II interferon is produced de novo after challenge with old tuberculin of mice sensitized with Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
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PMID:Cellular source of interferons in the circulation of mice with delayed hypersensitivity. 33 40

Mice with delayed hypersensitivity induced by infection with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG were desensitized by a single large dose of specific antigen (old tuberculin, OT) or a nonspecific interferon stimulus (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Subsequent challenge of the desensitized animals revealed only a homologous hyporeactivity, that is, mice desensitized with OT showed decreased type II and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) responses to the specific antigen, which were unaffected by desensitization with LPS. Conversely, mice desensitized with LPS showed a decreased type I interferon and MIF response to LPS, which was unaffected by desensitization with OT. These results suggest that type I interferon and its accompanying low-titered MIF activity are produced by cell populations different from those that produce type II interferon and its accompanying high-titered MIF activity.
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PMID:Type I and II interferons and migration inhibitory factor: production in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice desensitized with old tuberculin or lipopolysaccharide. 34 89

The time course of the occurrence of hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and of the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects was followed after infection with BCG in SMA and ICR strains of mice. The duration of these hyperreactivities of BCG-infected mice depended on the inoculum doses of BCG. The time patterns of the hyperreactivity to the lethal effects of neutral CPS-K and LPS were similar in both strains of mice, although the maximum toxicity of LPS by the intraperitoneal route in BCG-infected mice on a weight basis was stronger than that of neutral CPS-K. Irrespective of inducer and mouse strain, the time pattern of the hyperreactivity to produce cytotoxin was similar to that of the hyperreactivity to produce interferon. The patterns for these phenomena when neutral CPS-K was used as an inducer were also similar to those when LPS was used. In ICR mice the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to either neutral CPS-K or LPS decayed significantly earlier than the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects, whereas in SMA mice the occurrence of both types of hyperreactivities seemed to be associated. Therefore, it is suggested that the mechanism for the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to neutral CPS-K or LPS in BCG-infected mice is not necessarily the same as that for the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects.
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PMID:Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Influence of time after BCG inoculation on production of interferon and cytotoxin by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and on hyperreactivity to their lethal effects. 38 56

The possibility of passive therapy of 6 approximately 8-day established tumors with syngeneic antitumor antiserum was tested using (1) combination of the antiserum and immunopotentiators, (2) combination of the antiserum and inflammatory agents, and (3) repeated injections of antiserum. Therapeutic effect on an ascites tumor was seen using antiserum in combination with BCG or lipopolysaccharide, or less clearly with carrageenan. Combinations of antiserum and PS-K, histamine, or croton oil did not have a synergistic therapeutic effect, but repeated injection of a small amount of antiserum did have a therapeutic effect on established peritoneal and subcutaneous tumors.
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PMID:Passive immunotherapy of established tumors with syngeneic antitumor serum in combination with immunopotentiators. 59 Jun 81

Six systemic adjuvants of immunity were tested for their ability to induce macrophage activation. Four of them: living BCG, hydrosoluble extracts from BCG (HIU II) and from M.smegmatis (IPM), and lipopolysaccharide from E.coli (LPS), when administered to normal mice render macrophages non-specifically cytotoxic for tumor cells in vitro. The intensity of this phenomenon varied according to the route and time of adjuvant administration. In contrast, lentinan extracted from Lentinus edodes, and levamisole which is a synthetic chemical compound, depressed macrophage cytotoxic potential. BCG, IPM and LPS were shown to have a direct action on macrophages. After in vitro exposure to these agents, the cytotoxic potential of normal macrophages was greatly increased. Levamisole was unable to stimulate this macrophage function directly in vitro. On the other hand, such a macrophage activation has been induced in vitro when normal macrophages were cultivated in the presence of MIF coming from the supernatant of human lymphoblastoid cell lines.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro macrophage activation by systemic adjuvants. 78 7

Normal peritoneal macrophages from C3H/He mice could not lyse syngeneic MM46 tumor cells in co-operation with syngeneic antitumor antibody. Thus, normal macrophages could not effectively participate in the antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated tumor lysis in vitro. However, after activation in vivo by stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, BCG, or glycogen, macrophages could co-operate with antitumor antibody in cytolysis of target cells. In the cytolysis nonspecific activation of normal macrophages was an essential first step, followed by specific tumor lysis in the presence of an antitumor antibody (second step). Immune macrophages from resistant mice were apparently equal in functional state to activated macrophages. A two-step mechanism of tumor lysis in vitro in a syngeneic mammary tumor system is proposed.
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PMID:Two-step mechanism of macrophage-mediated tumor lysis in vitro. 79 28

Trehalose dimycolate (TDM), a mycobacterial glycolipid, is a powerful macrophage-priming agent. However, its efficiency seems limited in the case of BALB/c mice. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from TDM-treated BALB/c mice did not control BCG growth in vitro as efficiently as similar macrophages from two other mouse strains, (B6 x D2)F1 and C57BL/6, which are respectively Bcgr and Bcgs. BALB/c macrophages elicited by TDM also exhibited a low capacity to produce hydrogen peroxide and, after activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), weak cytostatic activity against P815 mastocytoma cells. Finally, alkaline phosphodiesterase, a marker of resident and inflammatory macrophages, was still expressed at a high level in macrophages of BALB/c mice treated with TDM. Low responsiveness of BALB/c macrophages to stimuli was not observed with TDM only; activation for tumor cytotoxicity of thioglycolate-elicited macrophages from BALB/c mice required also higher doses of interferon-gamma, and LPS. L-Arginine-dependent production of nitric oxide was inducible in macrophages from BALB/c mice, but the conditions required for its induction were more stringent. Thus, the reduced antiproliferative effects of BALB/c macrophages may be due to uncomplete induction of NO synthase after suboptimal stimulation.
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PMID:Low response of BALB/c macrophages to priming and activating signals. 138 43


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