Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Endotoxin-like activity was extracted with phenol-chloroform-petroleum either (PCP) from Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. Chemical analysis of leptospiral cells obtained from the PCP extract indicated the following distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protein and polysaccharide in mg/ml: 3.0, 4.5 and 1.0 for icterohaemorrhagiae and 3.3, 5.6 and 1.5 for canicola. 2. The preparations presented several biological activities: positive Limulus test (1.0 pg/ml) for icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola PCP extract and 0.5 pg/ml for E. coli O111:B4 LPS, lethality for chicken embryos (LD50 45, 25 and 1.0) for icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola and E. coli O111:B4 LPS, pyrogenicity in rabbits with an average increase in rectal temperature of 0.6 degrees C, 0.9 degrees C and 2.2 degrees C for canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and E. coli O111:B4 LPS, reacted with complement inhibiting the lysis of sheep red blood cells, 62%, 75% and 90% for 2.0 micrograms/ml of icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola PCP extract and E. coli O111:B4 LPS. The PCP extract showed no cytotoxicity on chicken embryo fibroblasts and epithelial cells. 3. These results demonstrate that Leptospira endotoxin activity is similar to E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide.
 ...
PMID:Chemical and biological properties of endotoxin from Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae. 134 22

Spleen cells from mice infected with the rough Brucella melitensis strain B115 were fused with NSO myeloma cells. Hybridoma supernatants were screened in ELISA with cell walls (CW), sonicated cell extracts (CE) and rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) of B. melitensis strain B115 and whole B. melitensis B115 cells. Surprisingly, 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacting in ELISA with both CW and CE but not with R-LPS and bacterial cells were shown by immunoblot analysis and ELISA to react with smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS). These mAbs also reacted in ELISA with O polysaccharides (OPS) from the smooth Brucella abortus strain 99 and the smooth B. melitensis strain 16M and thus recognize epitopes present on the O-chain. Proteinase K LPS preparations from B. melitensis B115 analysed by immunoblotting with one mAb (12G12) recognizing S-LPS of both A and M specificity displayed the typical S-LPS high-molecular-mass ladder pattern but no S-LPS was detected in the phenol/water/chloroform/light petroleum LPS preparation of the same strain. mAb 12G12, specific for S-LPS, and a mAb (A68/03F03/D05) specific for R-LPS were used to localize the O-chain and R-LPS expressed in B. melitensis strain B115 by immunoelectron microscopy. Immunogold labelling was observed at the surface of B. melitensis B115 cells with the anti-R-LPS mAb but not with the anti-S-LPS mAb. In ultrathin sections, immunogold labelling with the S-LPS specific mAb was observed in the cytoplasm and in the periphery of the cytoplasm, probably at the cytoplasmic membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:O-chain expression in the rough Brucella melitensis strain B115: induction of O-polysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies and intracellular localization demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. 138 11

The best yield of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas pseudomallei GIFU 12046 was obtained by extraction of defatted cells by phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether. The LPS showed a smooth character on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained D-glucose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, and D-glucosamine as the main sugar components, and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid as an amide-linked fatty acid. The growth conditions did not affect the electrophoresis profile and chemical composition of LPS. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid was not detectable, and mild acid hydrolysis could not liberate free lipid A, suggesting that the linkage between inner core and lipid A was stable against acid hydrolysis, and the structure of this region is similar to that of P. cepacia, which has close taxonomic relationship with P. pseudomallei.
 ...
PMID:Extraction and characterization of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas pseudomallei. 138 80

Two long-chain fatty acids, 27-oxo-octacosanoic acid (28:0(27-oxo)) and heptacosane-1,27-dioic acid (27:0-dioic) were identified for the first time in phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether extracts of Legionella pneumophila, indicating that they are constituents of lipopolysaccharide. The fatty acids were characterised by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, minor amounts of 29-oxo-triacontanoic (30:0(29-oxo)) acid and nonacosane-1,29-dioic acid (29:0-dioic) as well as 27-hydroxy-octacosanoic acid (28:0(27-OH)) were present in the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether extract.
 ...
PMID:Identification of 27-oxo-octacosanoic acid and heptacosane-1,27-dioic acid in Legionella pneumophila. 142 93

Borrelia burgdorferi resembles gram-negative bacteria in having both cellular and outer membranes. We previously showed that a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like material could be extracted from B. burgdorferi with phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP). The PCP extract of B. burgdorferi exhibited biological activity in several in vitro assays (e.g., mitogenicity, pyrogenicity, and cytokine release). These activities suggested the presence of endotoxin. The PCP extract of B. burgdorferi, however, also contained a small amount of protein. Preliminary studies showed that monoclonal antibody prepared against this protein inhibited the mitogenic activity of the PCP extract toward murine spleen cells. The current study was therefore undertaken to characterize this protein and to establish methods for its separation from the LPS. The PCP-extracted protein consisted of a single, low-molecular-weight lipoprotein (apparent M(r), 10,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) (SDS-PAGE). By protein analysis, it accounted for 2% of the dry weight of defatted cells, thus making it a major constituent of the spirochete. It was purified from the LPS by initial extraction into 10% Triton X-100 followed by immunoaffinity chromatography in the presence of detergent. On removal of the LPS, the purified lipoprotein formed aggregates stable to SDS-PAGE which were detectable on Western blots (immunoblots) probed with either the monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antiserum. From a plot of the aggregate molecular weight versus aggregate size, a monomer molecular weight of 7,500 was obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibody showed that the lipoprotein was exposed at the surface of the spirochete in only a small percentage of cells. The lipoprotein was present in several strains of B. burgdorferi but absent in other Borrelia spp., treponemes, and gram-negative human pathogens, indicating species specificity.
 ...
PMID:Purification and immunological characterization of a major low-molecular-weight lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi. 145 30

The cellular fatty acids from Heliobacterium chlorum, Heliobacterium gestii, and Heliobacillus mobilis were analyzed. The fatty acid contents of the three organisms were essentially the same, consisting of large amounts of branched chain and some mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Neither a phenol-water nor a phenol-petroleum ether-chloroform extraction of whole cells yielded lipopolysaccharide.
 ...
PMID:Fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide analyses of three Heliobacterium spp. 169 89

The aim of this study was to investigate the antigenic structures of the morphologically distinct cells of the Coxiella burnetii developmental cycle. Postembedding immunoelectron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies produced in rabbits to (i) phase I cells, (ii) a chloroform-methanol residue fraction of cells, (iii) the cell walls (CW) of large and small cells and small dense cells (SDC), and (iv) the peptidoglycan-protein complexes of small cells and SDC labelled the continuum of morphologically distinct cells. But these antibodies did not distinguish between the antigenic structures of the various cells. Monoclonal antibodies to the phase I lipopolysaccharide labelled the CW of a majority of the smaller cells, but there was diminished reactivity to the larger cells. Although monoclonal antibodies to a 29.5-kDa outer membrane protein labelled the CW of the large mother cells, the large cells, and the small cells, a minority of the SDC with compact CW were not labelled. The endogenous spore within the mother cell was not labelled by the polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to cellular components. A selected population of SDC was prepared by osmotic lysis of large cells, differential centrifugation, Renografin step-gradient fractionation, and breakage of the small cells in a French press at 20,000 lb/in2. The pressure-resistant SDC collected as fraction CL did not contain the 29.5-kDa protein, as evidenced by the lack of (i) Coomassie brilliant blue staining of protein in the 29.5-kDa region of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and (ii) reactivity of the 29.5-kDa protein antigenic epitopes in immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies to the protein. In contrast, CW of the pressure-sensitive small cells contained the 29.5-kDa protein. Therefore, the observed ultrastructural differences between large and small cells and SDC reflect differences in sensitivity to breakage by pressure treatment and in cell-associated antigens. Although the process of differentiation in C. burnetii remains an enigma, we have taken steps toward identifying cellular antigens as markers of differentiation. The pressure-resistant SDC in fraction CL that are devoid of the 29.5-kDa protein may be useful for answering questions about the physiological events required for triggering outgrowth and sequential regulation of the Coxiella developmental cycle.
 ...
PMID:Antigenic differences between Coxiella burnetii cells revealed by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblotting. 171 26

Mycoplasmas (M. gallisepticum, chicken mycoplasmas), in concert with interferon gamma (IFN gamma), were effective in activating macrophages (M theta) to be tumoricidal. The M theta-activating capacity of mycoplasmas was maintained after treatment with heat. 0.1 M NaOH, 1 M HCl, or trypsin. M theta-activating factor was extracted from mycoplasmas with chloroform/methanol and water (Mf-B). Mf-B was also effective in activating M theta in the presence of IFN gamma. The threshold dose of Mf-B for M theta of ordinary C3H/He mice and that for those of C3H/HeJ mice, the latter being known to be low responders to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, were actually the same. This seems to indicate that the effectiveness of Mf-B was not attributable to possibly contaminating lipopolysaccharides, and that the pathway of activity of Mf-B is different from that of lipopolysaccharides. Since the M theta-activating principle was only a very small part of Mf-B, we have not yet succeeded in identifying it, but there was no evidence that it was protein, nucleic acid, sugar, or lipid. The cytotoxicity of M theta activated by Mf-B plus IFN gamma was dependent on L-arginine in the culture, suggesting that arginine metabolites are involved in M theta cytotoxicity. Mf-B induced a small amount of tumor necrosis factor in M theta, and this induction was markedly enhanced by IFN gamma.
 ...
PMID:Macrophage-activating factor extracted from mycoplasmas. 190 96

An indirect ELISA has been developed to detect Salmonella typhimurium antibodies in chicken sera, using whole bacterial cell protein, flagellar protein or lipopolysaccharide as antigens. In experimental infections high concentrations of S typhimurium-specific IgG persisted after the faecal excretion of S typhimurium had ceased, whereas the specific IgM response was transitory. Some uninfected chickens placed in contact with experimentally infected birds developed high IgG titres in the absence of detectable faecal excretion. Other S typhimurium strains, which varied in their invasive abilities, also induced high titres of IgG. The ELISA allowed chickens infected experimentally with S typhimurium to be differentiated from chickens infected with 10 other serotypes, including S enteritidis. The use of whole blood in place of serum in the ELISA reduced the titres slightly. The storage of serum dried on to filter paper strips for four weeks produced little change in ELISA antibody titre, and the treatment of such strips with phenol or chloroform vapour had little or no effect on the antibody titre.
 ...
PMID:Antibody response to experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens measured by ELISA. 219 54

The biological and endotoxic activities of protective antigens (PAgs) prepared by the chloroform-methanol-water method from Leptospira interrogans serovars lai, copenhageni and canicola were examined. The PAg preparations did not show a local Shwartzman reaction in the rabbits at doses of 100 micrograms and 50 micrograms/site and lethal toxicity to galactosamine-sensitized mice at the dose of 12.5 micrograms to 50 micrograms/mouse. PAgs exhibited a weak cytotoxic action on peritoneal exudate macrophages of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice at the dose of 500 micrograms/ml in vitro, but did not show cytotoxicity for BHK-21 cells kidney cells of the Syrian hamster, CHO-K1, ovary cells of the Chinese hamster, and CHL, lung cells of the Chinese hamster, at doses of 5 and 500 micrograms/ml. Gelation activity in the Limulus test was only observed at PAg concentrations over 100 ng/ml, which dose was 10,000 times that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O55:B5. Furthermore, an adjuvant activity of PAgs was not observed in the production of anti-sheep red blood cell antibody in mice. Mitotic conversion of spleen cells from C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was observed by the addition of PAgs in vitro. These results indicated that the biological properties of PAgs were different from those of LPS prepared from gram-negative enterobacteria, that PAgs had no endotoxic activity and that the biological safety of PAgs as vaccine was proved.
 ...
PMID:Biological activities and endotoxic activities of protective antigens (PAgs) of Leptospira interrogans. 226 Oct 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>