Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several fractions isolated from Brucella abortus were examined for their ability to generate chemotactic factor from normal serum. Phenol phase lipopolysaccharides exhibited activity equivalent to that obtained with E. Coli lipopolysaccharide. A carbohydrate-rich aqueous methanol fraction was inhibitory at high concentrations, but a non-dialysable component of this fraction contained a potent stimulator of chemotactic activity. Protein-rich fractions from both strain 19 and strain 2308 were inactive. Preheating the serum at 56 degrees for 30 min prevented generation of chemotactic activity by the various fractions, suggesting a role for serum complement. No chemotactic activity was produced by Brucella fractions in C5-deficient DBA/2J mouse serum.
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PMID:Generation of chemotactic factor for granulocytes and monocytes from serum by fractions of Brucella abortus. 680 74

Biochemical measures have provided insight into the biomass and community structure of sedimentary microbiota without the requirement of selection by growth or quantitative removal from the sediment grains. This study used the assay of the hydroxy fatty acids released from the lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide in sediments to provide an estimate of the gram-negative bacteria. The method was sensitive to picomolar amounts of hydroxy fatty acids. The recovery of lipopolysaccharide hydroxy fatty acids from organisms added to sediments was quantitative. The lipids were extracted from the sediments with single-phase chloroform-methanol extraction. The lipid-extraction residue was hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl, and the hydroxy fatty acids of the lipopolysaccharide were recovered in chloroform for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. This method proved to be about fivefold more sensitive than the classical phenol-water or trichloroacetic acid methods when applied to marine sediments. By examination of the patterns of hydroxy fatty acids, it was also possible to help define the community structure of the sedimentary gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A, for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments. 681 12

Our previous finding that the cerebral proteolipid could inactivate the pyrogenicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was also studied by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and the following results were obtained. When rabbit cerebral proteolipid was chromatographed, two main protein peaks were obtained. One appeared in the chloroform (C)/methanol (M) 6:1 and the other C/M 4:1 effluent, designated as fraction IV and fraction V, respectively. When the incubation mixture of proteolipid and LPS was chromatographed, a new protein peak appeared in the C effluent. The new protein peak was suggested to be a complex of proteolipid protein and LPS, because pyrogenicity could be detected in the protein fractions only after treatment with 2% SDS. Fraction V but not fraction IV inactivated the pyrogenicity of LPS in vitro. By re-chromatography of the incubation mixture of fraction V and LPS, a complex of protein and LPS was also eluted in the C effluent. On the other hand, by rechromatography of the incubation mixture of fraction IV and LPS, such a complex was not detected in the C effluent. The present results suggest that the proteolipid apoprotein eluted in the C/M 4:1 effluent on a Sephadex LH-20 column plays an important role in the inactivation of the pyrogenicity of LPS.
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PMID:Interactions between bacterial pyrogen and proteolipid extracted fom the cerebrum (II). 731 Nov 54

The optimal conditions for the detection of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pasteurella haemolytica by immunoblotting were evaluated. The variables examined included the equilibration time of the gels before transfer, composition of the transfer buffer, type of blotting membrane, blocking agent, effect of the zwitterionic detergent Empigen BB on protein renaturation, and the development reagent. The composition of the transfer buffer and time of gel equilibration significantly affected the efficiency of transfer of both OMPs and LPS. However, the optimal conditions for the transfer of OMPs were not the same as those for LPS. Thus, optimal transfer of OMPs occurred in Tris-glycine buffer, with prior equilibration of the gels to allow for expansion, whereas optimal transfer of LPS was achieved in Tris-glycine-methanol buffer with no equilibration of the gels. In Tris-glycine-methanol buffer, gel equilibration resulted in a significantly reduced transfer of both OMPs and LPS, probably due to the removal of SDS from these components. The use of Zeta-Probe blotting membrane which, unlike nitrocellulose, does not require methanol for optimal protein binding, did not result in improved binding of OMPs or LPS in the absence of methanol and, even after prolonged blocking (> 2 h), gave higher background staining than did nitrocellulose. Effective blocking of nitrocellulose was achieved with 3% (w/v) gelatin, 2.5% (w/v) skimmed milk or 0.3% (v/v) Tween 20, whereas increased background staining occurred with 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin or 1% (w/v) ovalbumin. The incorporation of Empigen BB in the primary antibody buffer did not improve antibody recognition of proteins as a result of their renaturation. For the horseradish-peroxidase enzyme development system, the substrate 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride was more sensitive, and developed more quickly, than 4-chloro-1-naphthol, but faded more rapidly after drying of the membrane. 4-chloro-1-naphthol was more suitable for identifying OMPs because less background staining occurred, whereas 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride was more suitable for the detection of LPS due to its greater sensitivity.
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PMID:Evaluation of different methods for the detection of outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides of Pasteurella haemolytica by immunoblotting. 750 80

Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), a rat interleukin-8 (IL-8), was quantitated by using a sensitive ELISA. The CINC was induced up to 20 ng/ml from basal 1-2 ng/ml in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peritoneal macrophages. This CINC induction was significantly inhibited by steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including dexamethasone, but not by non-steroidal drugs including indomethacin at all. Nine out of 59 herbal medicines which are frequently used in Korean traditional prescriptions for inflammatory diseases exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the CINC induction by their total methanol extracts with 0.1 mg/ml as a final concentration. The active 9 total extracts were prepared from radix of Aralia continentalis, rhizoma of Cnidium officinale, rhizoma of Coptis chinensis, tuber of Fritillaria verticillata, radix of Saussurea lappa, tuber of Sparganium stoloniferum, flower of Syzygium aromaticum, semen of Trichosanthes kirilowii, and herba of Tripterygium regelii. These total extracts were sequentially fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts with 0.05 mg/ml as a final concentration, more than 50% of inhibition on the CINC induction was exhibited by the dichloromethane fraction of Aralia continentalis; the water fraction of Fritillaria verticillata; the dichloromethane fraction of Saussurea lappa; the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of Syzygium aromaticum; the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions of Trichosanthes kirilowii; and the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of Tripterygium regelii.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of Oriental herbal medicines on IL-8 induction in lipopolysaccharide-activated rat macrophages. 770 Sep 86

Comparison was made between the immunobiological and antigenic properties of two lipoteichoic acid (LTA) fractions (LTA-1 and -2) from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790, their glycolipid portions, and synthetic compounds partially mimicking the above bacterial products. The more lipophilic LTA-2 fraction was capable of inducing serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in muramyldipeptide-primed mice and serum gamma interferon in those primed with Propionibacterium acnes. The LTA-2 fraction also induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and thymocyte-activating factor (essentially interleukin-1) in murine peritoneal macrophage cultures. Consecutive intravenous injections of muramyldipeptide and the LTA-2 fraction in Meth A fibrosarcoma-bearing BALB/c mice caused hemorrhagic necrosis and marked regression leading to complete regression of the tumor with no accompanying weakening or lethal effects. The LTA-2 fraction was at least 10,000-fold less pyrogenic in rabbits than a reference endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. The more hydrophilic LTA-1 fraction, on the other hand, showed at most marginal activity in the in vivo and in vitro assays. Natural glycolipids (NGL-1 and -2) which were prepared from a chloroform-methanol extract of Streptococcus pyogenes and E. hirae cells, and comparable in structure to the lipid moieties of the LTA-1 and -2 fractions, respectively, were practically inactive in all of the assays. None of the test synthetic compounds was immunobiologically active, although synthetic partial counterparts of the structure of LTA proposed by W. Fischer (Handb. Lipid Res. 6:123-234, 1990) reacted with murine monoclonal antibody TS-2, which was raised against OK-432, a penicillin-killed S. pyogenes preparation, and capable of neutralizing the cytokine-inducing activities of the LTA-2 fraction.
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PMID:Molecular and structural requirements of a lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 for cytokine-inducing, antitumor, and antigenic activities. 780 84

Macrophage hybridoma clone 5 suppressed B-cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since paraformaldehyde-fixed macrophages exerted the effect, macrophage-derived mediators were excluded from the inhibition. The inhibitory property of macrophages was present in the membrane fraction and was recovered in the organic phase after extraction using a chloroform/methanol/water system followed by hexane extraction. Therefore, the inhibitory activity found in macrophage clone 5 was concluded to arise from a lipid component. The inhibitory substance was further purified to a homogeneity by LH20 column fractionation using methanol/chloroform as the mobile phase. The purified lipid did not have any effect on the LPS-mediated induction of MHC class II molecules on the B-cell surface. Moreover, the inhibitory property was shown to affect growth of a wide variety of tumor cell lines of human origin. These results suggest that a lipid molecule found on the cell membrane of cloned macrophage hybridoma may participate in the regulation of cell growth through cell contact.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell growth by macrophage membrane lipid molecule. 781 37

A variety of preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F (TWHF) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including a chloroform methanol extract termed T2 and an ethyl acetate (EA) extract. The immunosuppressive activity of the EA extract was analyzed and the components accounting for this effect determined and compared to those of T2. More than 0.25 microgram/ml of the EA extract inhibited antigen- and mitogen-stimulated human T cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect of the EA extract on T cell proliferation resulted largely from suppression of interleukin-2 production. At concentrations that inhibited T cell function, the EA extract also profoundly suppressed [3H]-thymidine incorporation by mitogen-stimulated B cells, but it did not inhibit antigen presentation by monocytes and only modestly affected interleukin-6 production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. The profile of inhibition was comparable to that previously reported for the chloroform-methanol extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F, T2. To delineate the components of these extracts that might account for their immunosuppressive effect, we analyzed the composition of diterpenoid compounds. Both extracts contained triptolide and tripdiolide as the major immunosuppressive diterpenoids, but at different concentrations. Comparison of the composition of these extracts and the inhibitory capacity of the purified components indicated that the triptolide concentration of the EA extract can account for its immunosuppressive activity, although the combination of both triptolide and tripdiolide or other unknown components may be necessary to explain the inhibitory effects of T2.
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PMID:The identity of immunosuppressive components of the ethyl acetate extract and chloroform methanol extract (T2) of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. 789 48

In view of the controversy concerning the expression of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the eukaryotic host cell, the presence of this molecule was examined in three cell types which were experimentally infected with Chlamydia trachomatis serotype E. LPS was detected in the McCoy cell line, human endometrial epithelium and human amniotic epithelium with two monoclonal antibodies. The appearance and distribution of LPS at the host cell surface during the chlamydial developmental cycle and its transmission to neighbouring cells were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy after air drying of the host cells. LPS distribution was not uniform; it was first observed on regions of the cell surface in close proximity to the chlamydial endosome (inclusion). Soon after, the antigen was also detected at points of contact with neighbouring uninfected cells. Immunofluorescent plaques of host cells contaminated with LPS were thus formed in the vicinity of infected cells. These plaques increased in size over 2 d before becoming smaller as host cell lysis occurred. The major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) was not visualized on the host cell surface after air drying. No cell-surface LPS antigen was observed in live cells or those fixed in formaldehyde without air drying. Conventional methanol fixation and immunolocalization of LPS and MOMP in parallel infected cultures stained these antigens within inclusions in the expected fashion. Radio-immunoassays were used to quantify LPS in confluent McCoy cell monolayers during the chlamydial developmental cycle. Cell-surface-associated and inclusion-associated LPS, measured by direct binding of 125I-labelled anti-LPS monoclonal antibodies to air-dried or methanol-fixed monolayers respectively, increased for up to 3 d then declined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide in cells infected by Chlamydia trachomatis. 792 Dec 50

Several rough strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Proteus mirabilis were cultivated in the presence of (14C)acetate, which incorporated into their phospholipids and lipopolysaccharide. Phospholipids were removed from the cells with ethanol extraction. However, as shown by thin layer chromatography, methanol additionally extracted remarkable quantities of lipopolysaccharide from deep rough strains, but not from bacteria containing complete or nearly complete core.
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PMID:Methanol extracts LPS from deep rough bacteria. 860 6


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