Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Log-phase cells of Serratia marcescens cultured at 30 degrees C were approximately 10-fold more hemolytic than those grown at 37 degrees C. By using a cloned gene fusion of the promoter-proximal part of the hemolysin gene (shlA) to the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA), hemolysin gene expression as a function of alkaline phosphatase activity was measured at 30 and 37 degrees C. No difference in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed as a function of growth temperature, although more hemolysin was detectable immunologically in whole-cell extracts of cells grown at 30 degrees C. The influence of temperature was, however, growth phase dependent, because the hemolytic activities of cells cultured to early log phase at 30 and 37 degrees C were comparable. Given the outer membrane location of the hemolysin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined as a candidate for mediating the temperature effect on hemolytic activity. Silver staining of LPS in polyacrylamide gels revealed a shift towards shorter O-antigen molecules at 37 degrees C relative to 30 degrees C. Moreover, there was less binding of O-antigen-specific bacteriophage to S. marcescens with increasing growth temperature, a finding consistent with temperature-mediated changes in LPS structure. Smooth strains of S. marcescens were 20- to 30-fold more hemolytic than rough derivatives, a result confirming that changes in LPS structure can influence hemolytic activity. The alkaline phosphatase activity of rough strains harboring the shlA-phoA fusion was threefold lower than that of smooth strains harboring the fusion plasmids, a result consistent with a decrease in hemolysin gene expression in rough strains. The absence of a similar effect of temperature on gene expression may be related to less-marked changes in LPS structure as a function of temperature compared with a smooth-to-rough mutational change.
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PMID:Influence of growth temperature and lipopolysaccharide on hemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens. 305 45

Reversible endotoxic shock was induced in adult rats by i.v. injection of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (1.6 mg/100 g). The shock progression was evaluated by measuring serum glucose levels as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase in serum. A rapid increase of serum glucose levels occurs, after LPS injection, followed by hypoglycaemia (minimum values at 6 h) with progressive reversion to control values. Serum GOT activity increased (twofold) 6 h after endotoxin administration and returned to control values at 72 h. No appreciable changes occurred in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Endotoxaemia produced a decrease in the cytochrome P-450 levels in all target organs considered: lung, adrenal glands and liver. The progressive decrease in the serum albumin concentration as well as changes of the physical properties of the plasma membranes observed in vivo, can not be explained only by direct interaction of endotoxin with the target organs, underlining the importance of serum mediators in the induction of the shock response.
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PMID:Induction of reversible shock by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in rats. Changes in serum and cell membrane parameters. 306

A mu-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting chlamydia-specific IgM was developed by use of the heat stable, lipopolysaccharide group-specific antigen and an alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-chlamydia group-specific monoclonal antibody conjugate. The test was used to study the serological response in chlamydial respiratory tract infection among patients with acute respiratory tract symptoms in Cambridgeshire during the past 7 years. Results were compared with those of the complement fixation test (CFT) in routine use as well as those of a whole inclusion indirect immunofluorescence (WIF) test for IgM. Correlation between results of the mu-capture ELISA and those of the WIF test was 87.5%. The percentage of patients in whom specific IgM was found fell with increasing age. This may be due to lack of recall of IgM as a response to reinfection. Chlamydia-specific IgM was more likely to be detected when the CFT titre was greater than or equal to 64 and was rarely detected more than 6 months after the onset of symptoms. However, several patients less than 20 years of age were found to have specific IgM with CF antibody titres less than 64. We have found the mu-capture ELISA a useful test for the diagnosis of respiratory tract chlamydial infections, particularly in younger patients.
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PMID:The development and evaluation of a mu-capture ELISA detecting Chlamydia-specific IgM. 318 20

"Beta 2-Interferon/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6" (IFN-beta 2) has emerged as a major mediator of the plasma protein response to tissue injury (the acute phase response) in addition to its numerous effects on cells of the immune system. Human fibroblasts and monocytes induced with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) or virus infection secrete multiple forms of differentially glycosylated IFN-beta 2 polypeptides: at least a doublet of molecular mass approximately 25 kD and a triplet of mass approximately 30 kD. We report that immunoprecipitation analyses of medium from [32P]orthophosphate- labeled cultures of induced fibroblasts carried out using a rabbit polyclonal antibody to recombinant E. coli-derived human IFN-beta 2 reveal that the secreted gp23-25 and gp28-30 forms of IFN-beta 2 are phosphorylated. IFN-beta 2 gp23-25 secreted by induced monocytes is phosphorylated whereas the monocytic gp28-30 is poorly labeled with [32P]orthophosphate suggesting tissue-specific differences in IFN-beta 2 phosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analyses indicate that all of the detected phosphate is in phosphoserine residues. Furthermore, IFN-beta 2 can be completely dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase (E.C. No. 3.1.3.1); thus all of the phosphate label is in readily accessible sites. These observations suggest the possibility that differential phosphorylation of IFN-beta 2 forms may be a mechanism to modulate its functions in a tissue-specific manner.
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PMID:Phosphorylation of secreted forms of human beta 2-interferon/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6. 325 72

Ultrastructural and morphometric profiles of type-II pneumocytes (P-II) were investigated in rats killed 18 or 24 hours after a single intratracheal inoculation of bacterial (Escherichia coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inoculation with LPS induced pulmonary injury and inflammation, as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and increased numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in fluid collected by bronchoalveolar lavage. Marked ultrastructural changes and desquamation of a few P-II developed at the time of high activity of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria and localized cisternal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum in which was contained membrane-bound homogenous material of medium electron density. Twenty-four hours after LPS inoculation, point-count stereologic analysis and digitizing morphometry revealed greater than 50% increase in P-II size. Changes in cell size corresponded with ultrastructural finding of swollen cells. Results obtained by point-count stereologic analysis and digitizing morphometry were highly correlated (r = 0.95). Lamellar bodies (LB) comprised 12 to 15% of P-II volume. Volume density and number of LB remained unaltered in LPS-injured P-II, and evidence of accelerated release of LB was not detected after LPS inoculation. Exudated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages were involved actively in the phagocytosis of LB originating from necrotic and desquamated P-II. On the basis of measurement of enzyme activity (enzymes released into the bronchoalveolar space), considerable ultrastructural alterations developed in P-II when maximal LPS-induced pulmonary cell injury took place.
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PMID:Profiles of type-II pneumocytes in rats inoculated intratracheally with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 331 9

A simplified microELISA has been developed which permits the rapid quantitation of serum amyloid A protein, SAA, in acute-phase mouse sera. Serum samples are directly diluted without prior denaturation into bicarbonate buffer and coated overnight onto microtiter plates. A rat polyclonal anti-SAA serum is used as the primary antibody followed by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG serum. The specificity of the rat polyclonal serum has been demonstrated on immunoblots from high density lipoprotein preparations from normal and lipopolysaccharide induced acute-phase mouse sera. This assay permits the reproducible quantitation of murine SAA during an inflammatory response.
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PMID:Simplified microELISA for the quantitation of murine serum amyloid A protein. 348 47

The expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase (mAlPase) activity was studied on viable cells from mouse lymphoid organs. The low mAlPase activity level of ex vivo mouse spleen cells was markedly increased by in vitro culture in the presence of the direct B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase occurred nearly simultaneously with increased uptake of 3H-thymidine and an increased percentage of blasts in the culture. The T-cell-dependent B-cell pokeweed mitogen did not increase the mean level of mAlPase activity per cell, although there was an increase per culture. The T cell mitogen ConA did not cause an increase in mAlPase activity, although it was able to stimulate both cell proliferation and blast transformation. Several other mitogens and differentiating agents were tested, but did not detectably affect mAlPase expression. LPS high responder mouse strains C57BL/6 and CBA/J showed a higher LPS-induced mAlPase expression response to LPS than did LPS low responder strains BALB/c or CBA/N. These data suggest a preferential expression of mAlPase by stimulated cycling B cells. However, mAlPase expression appeared restricted to a subpopulation of cycling B cells and could not be elicited by every B-cell stimulus.
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PMID:Membrane alkaline phosphatase activity: an enzymatic marker of B-cell activation. 348 33

The correlation between murine lymphocytes blastoid transformation and alkaline phosphatase (AL-P) activity was examined. When murine spleen cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, for 48 h, the AL-P activity was induced in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, stimulation of the spleen cells with Concanavalin A (Con A), a T cell mitogen, induced the AL-P activity. However, when the thymocytes were treated with Con A, only the [3H]dThd uptake was increased. Other B cell mitogens, such as lipid A and fungal B cell mitogens, and T cell mitogen, Pusum sativum agglutinin (PSA) also induced the AL-P activity of spleen cells. Kinetics of [3H]dThd uptake and induction of AL-P was similar. Correlation coefficients between [3H]dThd uptake and AL-P activity were r = 0.98789, p less than 0.01 for LPS, r = 0.99530, p less than 0.01 for lipid A and r = 0.62595, p less than 0.001 for the fungal B cell mitogens. The AL-P activity of the spleen cell was also induced by treatment with Con A sup, which was a supernatant fluid prepared by spleen cell cultured with Con A for 48 h, containing various lymphokines. These findings suggest that the AL-P activity was induced in the case of B lymphocyte blast transformation when stimulated directly with B cell mitogen or indirectly via lymphokines with T cell mitogen. Measurement of the AL-P activity would be a useful method to assay murine blastoid lymphocytes.
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PMID:Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in murine spleen cells treated with various mitogens. 349 May 61

A phosphorylated 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) was released from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the deep rough mutant (Rb+169) of Haemophilus influenzae by acid hydrolysis. Both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated KDO, produced by treatment with alkaline phosphatase, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilylation. This technique provides a rapid and reliable method for the identification of phosphorylated KDO in LPS.
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PMID:Identification of phosphorylated 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid as a component of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. 349 45

The effects of intra-articular injection of small amounts of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the intercarpal joint of 5 ponies were studied. The LPS induced predictable changes all of which were analogous to acute bacterial infection, except that the development of signs occurred sooner after the LPS injection, and subsided within 36 hours. Fever was monophasic and peaked at 5-7 hours. The ponies exhibited depression, reduced or absent appetite, increased pulse and respiration rates, and lameness. The lameness became evident between 1 and 2 hours after injection, at which time warmth, articular effusion, and resentment to palpation of joint flexion were evident. Hematological changes included neutrophilic leucocytosis, and changes in copper, iron and zinc serum concentrations. The synovial fluid total protein, leucocyte, and alkaline phosphatase levels increased within 2 hours. The mucin precipitation, total protein and leucocyte counts in synovial fluid remained elevated long after clinical and hematological changes had subsided. The model is useful for the study of some aspects of infectious joint disease.
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PMID:An induced synovitis disease model in ponies. 355 39


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