UNIPROT:P43026 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. We examined the genetic response of B-lineage cells to LPS via trapping of expressed genes with a gene-trap retrovirus. This analysis showed that expression of only a small fraction of genes is altered during LPS stimulation of B-lineage cells. Isolation of the cellular portion of the trapped LPS-response genes via 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) cloning identified novel genes for all the cloned loci. These novel LPS-response genes were also found to have differentiation stage-restricted expression within the B-lymphoid lineage. That LPS-response genes in B cells also have differentiation stage-restricted expression suggests that these genes may be involved in the control of B-cell function and differentiation, since the known members of this class of genes have frequently been found to play a role in the function and differentiation of B-lineage cells. The isolation of novel members of this class of genes, including a gene that contains a putative SH2 domain, will further increase our understanding of the molecular events involved in the control of B-cell differentiation and function.
...
PMID:Analysis of lipopolysaccharide-response genes in B-lineage cells demonstrates that they can have differentiation stage-restricted expression and contain SH2 domains. 863 95

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by human monocytes is stringently regulated through the inducibility of both subunits, p35 and p40, and expression of p35 mRNA is the limiting factor for the secretion of the bioactive IL-12 p70 heterodimer. Optimal induction of p35 mRNA requires priming of the monocytes by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), followed by brief exposure to lipopolysaccharide or other bacterial products. To investigate control of p35 gene expression, we isolated genomic clones containing the human p35 gene and determined the 5' end of the mRNA expressed in monocytes. We discovered that a unique p35 transcript is induced in monocytes that begins downstream of a consensus TATA box that lies within the 5' end of the cDNA originally cloned from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells. Analysis of p35 mRNA by Northern blotting showed that the message from monocytes is approximately 200 bases shorter than message derived from the EBV-transformed B-cell line VDS. The initiation sites downstream from the TATA box were confirmed by RNase protection and 5' RACE. The data indicate that p35 transcription can initiate from different sites depending on the cell type and that the shorter inducible transcript in monocytes is the one that accumulates after stimulation. Protein translation of these two forms may result in proteins of different sizes with potential implications for the regulation of IL-12 secretion and function.
...
PMID:Interferon-gamma-dependent inducible expression of the human interleukin-12 p35 gene in monocytes initiates from a TATA-containing promoter distinct from the CpG-rich promoter active in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. 961 61

We have recently isolated two cDNAs encoding two forms of transmembrane and cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPepsilon). In this study, the 5' end of the rat PTPepsilon gene was isolated and characterized. Transmembrane PTPepsilon (PTPepsilonM) and cytosolic PTPepsilon (PTPepsilonC) were encoded by a single gene. 5' RACE analysis and RNase protection assay showed that the mRNA of each PTPepsilon isoform was transcribed from different promoters. The putative promoter regions of two alternative first exons lacked a TATA box, but contained potential recognition sites for several transcription factors. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that PTPepsilonC mRNA was up-regulated during interleukin 6-induced differentiation of murine leukemia M1 cells, whereas PTPepsilonM mRNA was down-regulated. With the use of luciferase as a reporter gene, the promoter activities of the 5'-flanking regions were examined during phorbol myristate acetate-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. In the differentiated HL-60 cells, the activity of the PTPepsilonC promoter, but not that of PTPepsilonM, was dramatically elevated. Furthermore, we found that PTPepsilonC mRNA is highly expressed in mouse peritoneal macrophages and enhanced during activation by lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that the different promoters control expression of PTPepsilon isoforms during the differentiation and/or activation of macrophages.
...
PMID:Distinct promoters control transmembrane and cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon expression during macrophage differentiation. 991 74

Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) is an exchangeable insect apolipoprotein. Its function, as currently understood, lies in the stabilization of low-density lipophorin particles (LDLp) crossing the hemocoel in phases of high energy consumption to deliver lipids from the fat body to the flight muscle cells. Recent studies with native Galleria mellonella-apoLp-III gave first indications of an unexpected role of that protein in insect immune activation. Here we report the immune activation by the recombinant protein, documenting a newly discovered correlation between lipid physiology and immune defense in insects. The complete cDNA sequence of G. mellonella-apoLp-III was identified by mixed oligonucleotide-primed amplification of cDNA (MOPAC), 3'-RACE-PCR, and cRACE-PCR. The sequence coding for the native protein was ligated into a pET-vector; this construct was transfected into Escherichia coli and overexpressed in the bacteria. Photometric turbidity assays with human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and transmission electron microscopy studies on apoLp-III-stabilized lipid discs revealed the full functionality of the isolated recombinant apoLp-III with regard to its lipid-association ability. For proving its immune-stimulating capacity, apoLp-III was injected into the hemocoel of last instar G. mellonella larvae and the antibacterial activity in cell-free hemolymph was determined 24 h later. As a result, the hemolymph samples of injected insects contained strongly increased antibacterial activities against E. coli as well as clearly enhanced lysozyme-like activities. From Northern blot analysis of total RNA from insects injected with apoLp-III or the bacterial immune provocator lipopolysaccharide, it could be concluded that the transcription rate of apoLp-III mRNA does not vary in comparison to untreated last instar larvae.
...
PMID:Insect immune activation by recombinant Galleria mellonella apolipophorin III(1). 1044 56

In this paper the cloning of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from the fish Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) is described. Using degenerate primers designed from known IL-1beta sequences, a cDNA fragment was amplified by PCR and elongated by 3' and 5' RACE to give the full-length coding sequence for sea bass IL-1beta. The cDNA is 1292 bp, lacks a putative ICE cut site, and codes for a deduced peptide of 29.4 kDa with a pI of 5.1. Sequence analysis showed highest amino acid similarity with rainbow trout (62%), Xenopus (46%), and carp (45.5%) IL-1beta sequences. Expression studies show that sea bass IL-1beta can be upregulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide both in vitro and in vivo in leucocytes from blood, head-kidney, spleen, gills and liver, whereas the IL-1beta transcript was not detectable in thymus and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Northern blot analysis with head-kidney leucocyte RNA showed a main LPS-upregulated band at 1.3 kb, and two minor bands at 0.9 and 3.0 kb, respectively. Phylogenetic comparisons with IL-1beta from other vertebrates is presented.
...
PMID:Phylogeny of cytokines: molecular cloning and expression analysis of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta. 1175 41

The upstream flanking region of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) IL-1 beta 1 gene has been cloned and characterised functionally using luciferase-based reporter gene constructs, and the transcription start site (TSS) confirmed by RLM-RACE. A TATA box was present 27 bp upstream of the TSS, with an NF-kB site 19 bp upstream of the TATA box. Within 1217 bp of upstream sequence, 3 sites for NF-kB, 10 sites for NF-IL6, 15 sites for AP1, 6 sites for AP4, 2 sites for CHOP/CEBP alpha and 1 site for SP1 and PU.1 were identified. Seven potential sites for the transcription repressor Gfi-1 were also identified. Analysis of eight IL-1 beta 1s promoter luciferase constructs transfected into a trout fibroblast (RTG-2) cell line known to constitutively express IL-1 beta revealed that in the absence of intron 1, very low luciferase activity was detectable. All of the constructs containing intron 1 gave clear luciferase activity, with the highest luciferase activity detected with construct P2-4 containing 617 bp of upstream sequence. As little as 82 bp of upstream sequence gave relatively strong luciferase activity, a region containing both a PU.1 and NF-kB site. That NF-kB is a transcription factor required for expression of the trout IL-1 beta 1 gene was confirmed using inhibitor studies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Both trout recombinant IL-1 beta and LPS were able to increase luciferase activity in the reporter constructs, especially in those containing the most upstream sequence with the lowest constitutive expression. The possibility that an upstream repressor is functioning to inhibit constitutive expression of IL-1 beta in this species is discussed.
...
PMID:Cloning and functional characterisation of the interleukin-1 beta 1 promoter of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1202 Aug 25

Pattern recognition proteins such as lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) play an important role in the innate immune response of crustaceans and insects. Random sequencing of cDNA clones from a hepatopancreas cDNA library of white spot virus (WSV)-infected shrimp provided a partial cDNA (PsEST-289) that showed similarity to the LGBP gene of crayfish and insects. Subsequently full-length cDNA was cloned by the 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique and sequenced. The shrimp LGBP gene is 1,352 bases in length and is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 376 amino acids that showed significant similarity to homologous genes from crayfish, insects, earthworms, and sea urchins. Analysis of the shrimp LGBP deduced amino acid sequence identified conserved features of this gene family including a potential recognition motif for beta-(1-->3) linkage of polysaccharides and putative RGD cell adhesion sites. It is known that LGBP gene expression is upregulated in bacterial and fungal infection and that the binding of lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan to LGBP activates the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade. The temporal expression of LGBP and proPO genes in healthy and WSV-challenged Penaeus stylirostris shrimp was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and we showed that LGBP gene expression in shrimp was upregulated as the WSV infection progressed. Interestingly, the proPO expression was upregulated initially after infection followed by a downregulation as the viral infection progressed. The downward trend in the expression of proPO coincided with the detection of WSV in the infected shrimp. Our data suggest that shrimp LGBP is an inducible acute-phase protein that may play a critical role in shrimp-WSV interaction and that the WSV infection regulates the activation and/or activity of the proPO cascade in a novel way.
...
PMID:The lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein gene is upregulated in white spot virus-infected shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris). 1207 14

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important regulator in inducing differentiation and proliferation of immune cells. The functional roles of porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF) have not yet been revealed. Therefore, expression patterns of pGM-CSF were investigated in immune cells after cloning and sequencing of whole pGM-CSF cDNA. Whole cDNA of pGM-CSF was amplified from porcine alveolar macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) methods. The products of 5'- and 3'-RACE-PCR were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of whole pGM-CSF cDNA was determined (GenBank accession number AY116504). The kinetics of pGM-CSF mRNA expression were studied in porcine immune cells such as alveolar macrophages and spleen cells, using a real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of pGM-CSF in LPS-, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, or concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated cells was always higher as compared to the control cells. The expression levels of pGM-CSF in alveolar macrophages were highest at 5 h after LPS stimulation and then continuously decreased in the late phase. In spleen cells, the LPS-stimulated group showed the highest levels after 5 h, but the PHA- and the ConA-stimulated groups showed slightly increased expression levels at the early phase and peaked at 24 h. To our knowledge, this is the first published report describing the nucleotide sequence of whole cDNA and the expression pattern of pGM-CSF using real-time quantitative PCR. These results indicate that pGM-CSF has its own characteristic expression profile in different immune cells.
...
PMID:Kinetic study of porcine GM-CSF expression in porcine alveolar macrophages and spleen cells. 1455 97

A lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) cDNA was cloned from the haemocyte and hepatopancreas of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using oligonucleotide primers and RT-PCR. Both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA end RACE method. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the cDNA clone has an open reading frame of 1101 bp encoding a protein of 367 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. The calculated molecular mass of the mature proteins (350 amino acids) is 39.92 kDa with an estimated pI of 4.37. Two putative integrin binding motifs (cell adhesion site), RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and a potential recognition motif for beta- (1-->3) linkage of polysaccharides were observed in the LGBP. Sequence comparison showed that LGBP deduced amino acid of L. vannamei has an overall similarity of 95%, 92% and 61% to that of blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris LGBP, tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon BGBP and crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus LGBP, respectively. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that LGBP transcript in haemocyte of L. vannamei increased in 3- and 6-h post Vibrio alginolyticus injection.
...
PMID:Molecular cloning and characterisation of a pattern recognition molecule, lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. 1556 60

The transcription rate and protein expression from both GSTA2 (glutathione S-transferase A2) and albumin genes decrease in rat liver after IL-6 (interleukin 6) plus DEX (dexamethasone) treatment of primary hepatocytes or after LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced acute-phase response in animals. The down-regulation is associated with the induced expression of a nuclear protein (termed IL6DEX-NP for IL-6/DEX-induced nuclear protein) that binds to a specific site on the promoter of GSTA2, leading to a decrease in transcriptional activity. IL6DEX-NP is not similar to other transcription factors, and, for identification, we functionally cloned it from a rat liver library using a yeast one-hybrid screen based on DNA-binding activity. The cloned sequence was a truncated form of USP3 (ubiquitin-specific protease 3) and the truncated USP3 protein in a yeast extract bound to DNA containing the IL6DEX-NP recognition sequence. Using 5'- and 3'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends), the complete sequence of USP3 was found in liver from LPS-treated rats. However, using Western blot analysis, only truncated forms of USP3 could be identified in nuclear extracts from LPS-treated rat livers. A GSTA2 promoter-reporter gene plasmid and USP3-expressing plasmids were transfected into rat hepatoma cells. Expression of the short form of USP3, but not the full-length protein, abolished expression from the reporter gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation localized USP3 to the GSTA2 promoter in rat hepatocytes in vivo. We believe that the short form of USP3 is IL6DEX-NP and that it may play an important role in the negative regulation of proteins during the acute-phase response.
...
PMID:Identification of a short form of ubiquitin-specific protease 3 that is a repressor of rat glutathione S-transferase gene expression. 1627 67

1 2 3 4 Next >>