Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has been shown to inhibit the release of mediators from mast cells. In the present study, the effect of DSCG on active anaphylactic reaction was studied in mice. DSCG dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylactic reaction and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetella pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. DSCG strongly inhibited IL-4-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, DSCG also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. These results suggest that DSCG has an anti-anaphylactic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells.
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PMID:Disodium cromoglycate inhibits production of immunoglobulin E. 1141 50

The effects of endodontic irrigants and calcium hydroxide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) were analyzed using the highly selective technique of mass spectrometry/gas chromatography with selected ion monitoring. An aqueous solution of LPS was mixed with one of a variety of endodontic irrigants for 30 min. Because it is a commonly used interappointment dressing, calcium hydroxide was also applied to LPS for 1, 2, or 5 days. LPS inactivation was measured by quantitation of free fatty acid release. Water, EDTA, ethanol, 0.12% chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine + sodium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite alone showed little breakdown of LPS. Long-term calcium hydroxide--as well as 30-min exposure to an alkaline mixture of chlorhexidine, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite--did detoxify LPS molecules by hydrolysis of ester bonds in the fatty acid chains of the lipid A moiety.
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PMID:Detoxification of endotoxin by endodontic irrigants and calcium hydroxide. 1148 49

Nitric oxide (NO) has been proved to be a mediator of hypoxic injury in renal proximal tubules (PT), but its effect on iron-induced cytotoxicity has remained little known. In this study, we observed the relationship between NO production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in primary proximal tubular epithelia co-incubated with different doses of NTA-Fe and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination. NO production was monitored by NO2 concentration in supernatants based on the Griess reaction; while the semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA level induced by NTA-Fe and LPS together. In addition, experimental groups were subjected to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to determine the impact of the interaction between NO and ROS on iron-mediated cytotoxicity. After a 12-h co-incubation, we found that NTA-Fe increased both LDH release and NO2(-) production in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). The level of iNOS mRNA induced by LPS was enhanced by 500 microM NTA-Fe (P < 0.01), lower or higher concentrations had no effect. However, the supernatantNO2(-) level in the same group did not change significantly (P > 0.05) although tubular injury was aggravated (P < 0.001). The addition of L-arginine increased LDH release from 25.05 +/- 8.36% in the iron group to 38.67 +/- 7.67% in iron plus LPS group (P < 0.05); concomitantly, L-NAME mitigated iron toxicity in LPS-treated PT (P < 0.05). Hydroxyl scavengers provided complete protection against iron-mediated cytotoxicity (P < 0.001), but the decrease of NO2(-) production was only significant in the LPS-treated group. In contrast, SOD was partially effective in the LPS group (P < 0.05) whereas the NO2(-) level in the supernatant was inversely raised (P < 0.05). GSH had no effect on either iron toxicity or NO2(-) production. Thus, we conclude that NO can exacerbate the cytotoxicity caused by NTA-Fe in cultured proximal tubular epithelia, but NO is not the only factor. NTA-Fe could enhance the upregulation of iNOS transcription induced by LPS in a specific concentration range, and its regulation of NO production might also involve a post-transcription mechanism. The hydroxyl group is the major mediator in our model and the pro-oxidant role of NO is probably due to its ability to promote the Fenton reaction and form both ONOO(-) and *OH via its interaction with ROS.
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PMID:Effect of nitric oxide on iron-mediated cytotoxicity in primary cultured renal proximal tubules. 1174 4

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E are associated with immediate-type allergic reactions. The effect of an aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia glabrescens (Compositae) whole plants (SGWP) on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was studied in mice. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin and Bordetella pertussis toxin absorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited IL-4-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, SGWP also showed an inhibitory effect on IgE production. These results suggest that SGWP has an anti-allergic activity by inhibiting IgE production from B cells.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect on immunoglobulin E production in vivo and in vitro by Siegesbeckia glabrescens. 1174 35

The new hybrid inorganic-organic polymer In(2)(OH)(3)[O(4)C(8)H(4)](1.5) has been hydrothermally obtained. Conditions for the synthesis are reported. The crystal structure of this material has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: it is monoclinic, with space group P2(1)/c (Nomicron. 14), a = 6.772(1) A, b = 10.329(2) A, c = 20.152(3) A, beta = 97.573(3) degrees. The In atoms are octahedrally coordinated by three hydroxide groups and three different molecules of carboxylate ligand. The resulting polymeric 3D structure can be envisaged as having been generated from a honeycomb (6,3) 2D that is cross-linked by the BDC organic anions. Data of IR and TGA-DTA studies, as well as the results of reduction of nitroaromatics and selective oxidation of organic sulfide reactions catalyzed by the new material, are reported.
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PMID:In(2)(OH)(3)(BDC)(1.5) (BDC = 1,4-benzendicarboxylate): an In(III) supramolecular 3D framework with catalytic activity. 1197 9

3-Hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) of 10-18-carbon chain lengths are constituents of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria. These acids are used as chemical markers for determining endotoxin in environmental samples. The present communication addresses the question whether this type of analysis also would be applicable to mammalian samples. Low levels (6.1+/-1.6-94.0+/-23.2 pmol/ml) of the studied 3-OH FAs were detected in blood from both conventional and germ-free rats. The levels were considerably higher (0.0-1.06+/-0.17 nmol/mg) in livers. The amounts of the 3-OH FAs did not differ between the two groups of rats. All analyses were made by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) for unequivocal identification. The results illustrate a limitation in using 3-OH FA analysis to determine endotoxin in mammalian samples since these acids may represent not only endotoxin but also products from mammalian mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
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PMID:Limitations in the use of 3-hydroxy fatty acid analysis to determine endotoxin in mammalian samples. 1203 78

Kupffer cells have been documented to play an important role in the early events of liver injury and regeneration by releasing biologically active mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a major end product of lipid peroxidation, has multiple cytotoxic effects and is implicated in chemical-induced liver injury. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 4-HNE to modulate IL-6 production in isolated primary rat Kupffer cells. 4-HNE (0.1-10 microM) reduced both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 protein production and mRNA levels. The role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in IL-6 induction was elucidated using Kupffer cells transduced in vitro with a recombinant adenovirus containing a IkappaBalpha super-repressor resistant to phosphorylation and degradation (Ad5IkappaB). Using this system, LPS-induced IL-6 protein production was inhibited by 65% in Ad5IkappaB-infected cells. The treatment of Kupffer cells for 1 h with 4-HNE followed by stimulation for 1 h with LPS (500 ng/ml) resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in NF-kappaB activation. Similarly, decreased NF-kappaB activity in these cells paralleled a reduction in IkappaBalpha mRNA levels. Furthermore, upon LPS stimulation, 4-HNE stabilized IkappaBalpha, which corresponded to a decrease in phosphorylated IkappaBalpha. At lower 4-HNE concentrations (0-5 microM), interactions between p65 and IkappaBalpha proteins were maintained as detected by immunoprecipitation-immunoblot analyses. In conclusion, these data suggest that 4-HNE inhibits IL-6 production in rat Kupffer cells by preventing activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and suppressing IkappaBalpha phosphorylation. These results have functional implications in that 4-HNE may interfere with the ability of Kupffer cells to produce cytokines proposed to play an important role in liver regeneration.
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PMID:4-hydroxynonenal decreases interleukin-6 expression and protein production in primary rat Kupffer cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB activation. 1206 30

The aim of this study was the radiographic evaluation of the apical and periapical region of dog teeth submitted to intracanal bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), associated or not with calcium hydroxide. After removal of the pulp, 60 premolars were divided into four groups and were filled with bacterial endotoxin (group 1), bacterial endotoxin plus calcium hydroxide (group 2), saline solution (group 3), or periapical lesions were induced with no treatment (group 4), for a period of 30 days. Similar periapical lesions were observed in groups 1 and 4. The lamina dura was intact in groups 2 and 3. Bacterial endotoxin (LPS) caused radiographically visible periapical lesions, but when associated with calcium hydroxide, this endotoxin was detoxified.
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PMID:Radiographic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin (LPS) plus calcium hydroxide on apical and periapical tissues of dogs. 1239 66

The partially degraded lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia (LPSdegr) and the ornithine-containing lipids were purified from some bacteria. The substances were developed as complex lipid adjuvants, because they have weak toxicity and are able to activate the immune systems of the living body. After various toxoid antigens such as pertussis toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid were mixed with the complex lipid adjuvants, the mixtures were administered to mice subcutaneously. Antitoxoid IgG antibody titers in the serum were measured several times over 3 months. The efficacy of the LPSdegr as adjuvant was almost as high as that of the ornithine-containing lipids, and it was almost equal to that of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Alum), which is generally used as a vaccine adjuvant.
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PMID:The partially degraded lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia and ornithine-containing lipids derived from some Gram-negative bacteria are useful complex lipid adjuvants. 1242 68

Endotoxin shock is a major cause of death in patients with septicemia. Endotoxin induces nitric oxide (NO) production and causes tissue damage. In addition, the release of oxygen free radicals has also been observed in endotoxin shock and was found to be responsible for the occurrence of multiple organ failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate suitable indicators for early and late stages of endotoxin shock. The experiments were designed to induce endotoxin shock in conscious rats by means of an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored for 72 h after LPS administration. The maximal decrease in AP and increase in HR and nitrate/nitrite level occurred at 9-12 h following LPS administration. The white blood cell (WBC) count had decreased at 3 h. Hydroxyl radical (methyl guanidine, MG) decreased rapidly after LPS administration. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased before the rise of amylase. Our results suggest that changes in AP, HR, WBC, free radicals, and chemical substances (BUN, Cr) can possibly serve as approximate indicators for the early stage of endotoxin shock. Severe multiple organ damage may be caused by amylase release in the late stage of endotoxin shock.
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PMID:Physiological and chemical indicators for early and late stages of sepsis in conscious rats. 1243 27


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