Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycoproteins (GP) previously shown to be involved in the gliding motility of Cytophaga johnsonae were examined for biological activities characteristic of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These integral membrane proteins activated 70Z/3 pre-B cells to synthesize immunoglobulin M, induced B cells to synthesize non-antigen-specific polyclonal immunoglobulin, induced macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor, and modulated the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide in the absence of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes. Except for the GP activity in the 70Z/3 assay, all activities of the GP were comparable to or greater than those of LPS. No LPS was detected in the preparations of GP used or in the phenol-water extracts of C. johnsonae. The mechanism by which these GP exerted their biological activities was distinct from that of LPS, since LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice responded to GP. Furthermore, biologically inactive diphosphoryl lipid A obtained from nontoxic LPS of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (an analog of toxic lipid A), which is an antagonist of LPS, did not block the induction of tumor necrosis factor by GP in macrophages. These results showed that the cell surface GP from C. johnsonae are potent LPS-like activators of B cells and macrophages. We suggest that these GP might be good candidates for use in developing an effective adjuvant system.
 ...
PMID:Lipopolysaccharidelike immunological properties of cell wall glycoproteins isolated from Cytophaga johnsonae. 185 83

Bacterial lipid macroamphiphiles extracted with phenol/water can be purified in one step by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Lipids and the major part of protein are separated from macroamphiphiles during phenol/water extraction. Coextracted nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and residual protein are effectively removed by column chromatography on octyl-Sepharose whereby macroamphiphiles are primarily adsorbed and later eluted with a buffered propanol gradient. The procedure is applicable to macroamphiphiles with various lipid structures as was demonstrated using the diacylglycerol-containing lipoglycan of Micrococcus luteus, the lipid A-containing lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium, and the diglyceryl tetraether lipoglycans of Thermoplasma acidophilum and Thermoplasma volcanicum. On elution from octyl-Sepharose, separation into molecular species of different compositions was observed with the lipopolysaccharide of S. typhimurium and the lipoglycan of T. volcanicum. It was also shown that, after phenol/water extraction, membrane lipids are completely recoverable from the phenol layer, which makes it possible to isolate lipids along with macroamphiphiles from the same sample of bacteria.
 ...
PMID:One-step purification of bacterial lipid macroamphiphiles by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. 186 38

The purpose of this investigation was to examine gamma interferon potentiation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responses in human monocytes by using phenol-water-extracted (unfractionated) and highly purified LPS preparations isolated from Bacteroides intermedius and Salmonella typhimurium. Phenol-water-extracted LPS preparations from these bacteria were further purified by chromatography over Sepharose-CL-4B. LPS enrichment in pooled column fractions was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitation of hydroxy-fatty acid and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid content, protein contamination, and anthrone-reactive material. Monocyte stimulation by LPS, measured as prostaglandin E (PGE) release, was assessed with and without gamma interferon treatment. Cells were either treated simultaneously with gamma interferon and LPS or pretreated with gamma interferon prior to LPS stimulation. PGE release from counterflow-isolated monocytes was quantitated during the 0- to 24-h and 24- to 48-h culture intervals. Contrary to previous results from this laboratory, phenol-water-extracted LPS preparations from B. intermedius and S. typhimurium were similar in their capacities to stimulate PGE release from monocytes. Molecular sieve chromatography was found to remove substantial amounts of high-molecular-weight polysaccharide contaminants only from the B. intermedius LPS but did not significantly alter the potency of either B. intermedius or S. typhimurium LPS. Gamma interferon cotreatment did not potentiate the release of PGE with any of the LPS preparations tested. However, 24-h pretreatment of monocytes with gamma interferon followed by a 24-h exposure to LPS resulted in significant potentiation of PGE release over LPS alone. In addition, B. intermedium preparations were approximately threefold more potent than similarly prepared LPS isolates from S. typhimurium following gamma interferon pretreatment. These results indicate that gamma interferon can selectively potentiate the effects of B. intermedius LPS in human monocyte isolates.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandin E release from human monocytes treated with lipopolysaccharides isolated from Bacteroides intermedius and Salmonella typhimurium: potentiation by gamma interferon. 189

The performance of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with use of O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) extracted with phenol-water from Shigella dysenteriae type 1, Shigella flexneri serotypes 1a-5b, and Shigella sonnei for determination of the serum antibody responses after onset of bacillary dysentery is reviewed. For the purpose of several studies, serum samples from a total of 175 Vietnamese and 47 Swedish patients, for whom Shigella species had been isolated from fecal specimens, were obtained at various intervals until less than or equal to 1 year after the onset of infection. Titers of antibodies in serum samples from infected patients were compared with those in serum samples from healthy control subjects; the combined control population of all studies comprised 426 Vietnamese and 154 Swedes. The sensitivity of the EIAs ranged from 78% to 100% for patients whose fecal culture was positive for Shigella. For diagnosis of S. flexneri, a species-specific but no serotype-specific assay based on LPS antigens is possible. Among Vietnamese patients the EIA with use of S. flexneri was sensitive and diagnostic only for children less than 3 years of age, most likely because healthy older Vietnamese children and adults have high titers of antibody to the O-antigens of S. flexneri. Among Swedish patients the same EIA was diagnostic for adults as well as children. Increased titers of IgA in the early phase and of IgG in the convalescent phase, as determined by EIA, were the best indicators of infection due to Shigella species.
 ...
PMID:Shigellosis in Vietnam: seroepidemiologic studies with use of lipopolysaccharide antigens in enzyme immunoassays. 204 43

A total of 302 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis from different parts of the world were serologically typed according to their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigenicity. For this purpose, an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using the following reagents: antisera raised against whole bacterial suspensions for a panel of 16 serotype strains and LPS prepared from these strains by phenol extraction. Antisera were absorbed with whole bacterial suspensions of the B. catarrhalis strains to be tested. The residual activity of the sera against the homologous LPS was determined by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using microdilution plates coated with LPS. Strains which gave greater than 90% reduction of activity were considered to carry the same LPS type as the serotype strain. It was shown that 93.4% of the strains tested carried one of three possible LPS types. LPS of B. catarrhalis are the rough type and have an apparent Mr of 5,500, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
 ...
PMID:Serological typing of Branhamella catarrhalis strains on the basis of lipopolysaccharide antigens. 210 97

The purpose of this study was to analyze antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Fifteen hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 were obtained. These hybridomas were divided into three groups (Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3) on their MAbs' specificity. The MAbs (MAb S1-S8) produced by Group 1 hybridomas reacted with serotype b-specific antigen of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MAbs (MAb L1-L3) produced by Group 2 hybridomas reacted with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of all serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The high-molecular-weight peak (peak A) and the low-molecular-weight peak (peak B) were separated by gel-filtration of the phenol-water extract (PWE) of strain Y4. MAb S5 reacted with peak A, and MAb L2 reacted with peak B. Peak B bound to a polymyxin affinity column, but peak A did not. These findings indicate that peak A was serotype-specific antigen and peak B was LPS. MAbs P1, P2, P3 and P4 produced by Group 3 hybridomas reacted with 81 kDa, 64 kDa, 64 kDa and 40 kDa protein antigens, respectively. Preincubation of strain Y4 whole cells with MAb P3 inhibited significantly the adherence of the cells to human buccal epithelium cells (HBECs). These findings suggest that the 64 kDa protein antigen might participate in the adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans to HBECs.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with monoclonal antibodies]. 213 94

The present study demonstrates the ability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to elicite interleukin-1 (IL-1) production and then augmenting effect of indomethacin on this production. LPS was isolated from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by the hot phenol-water procedure (A-LPS). A marked IL-1 production by peritoneal macrophages treated with A-LPS was observed in the cells from C3H/HeN mice, but not in those from C3H/HeJ mice. LPSs from A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29522 and 29523 exhibited the same inducing activity for IL-1 production as did A-LPS. The IL-1 production with A-LPS was inhibited drastically when the LPS was pretreated with polymyxin B. A-LPS-induced IL-1 production was augmented significantly by treatment of the cells with a inhibitor, indomethacin, but not with a lipooxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguariatic acid. The augmenting effect occurred as early as 3 hr after treatment of indomethacin. In light of recent studies showing that IL-1 plays a regulatory role in bone remodeling systems, the present result suggest the possibility that A-LPS-induced IL-1 may play a significant role in mechanism(s) of alveolar bone resorption in juvenile periodontitis and also that its production may be regulated by prostaglandins.
 ...
PMID:[Mouse interleukin-1 production by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 lipopolysaccharide and augmenting effect of indomethacin on its production]. 213 98

An indirect ELISA has been developed to detect Salmonella typhimurium antibodies in chicken sera, using whole bacterial cell protein, flagellar protein or lipopolysaccharide as antigens. In experimental infections high concentrations of S typhimurium-specific IgG persisted after the faecal excretion of S typhimurium had ceased, whereas the specific IgM response was transitory. Some uninfected chickens placed in contact with experimentally infected birds developed high IgG titres in the absence of detectable faecal excretion. Other S typhimurium strains, which varied in their invasive abilities, also induced high titres of IgG. The ELISA allowed chickens infected experimentally with S typhimurium to be differentiated from chickens infected with 10 other serotypes, including S enteritidis. The use of whole blood in place of serum in the ELISA reduced the titres slightly. The storage of serum dried on to filter paper strips for four weeks produced little change in ELISA antibody titre, and the treatment of such strips with phenol or chloroform vapour had little or no effect on the antibody titre.
 ...
PMID:Antibody response to experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens measured by ELISA. 219 54

Smooth (S)-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from reference and field strains of several biovars of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis were prepared by (i) the hot phenol-water method, (ii) hot sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction and proteinase K digestion, or (iii) dimethyl sulfoxide extraction. These S-LPS-enriched fractions were further analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining after periodate oxidation. Immunoblots were developed by using either monoclonal antibodies specific for Brucella A or M antigens or polyclonal polyspecific or monospecific sera from rabbits, cattle, and goats. The specificity of monoclonal antibodies reactive with Brucella unique (A or M) epitopes was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, LPS latex agglutination, or agglutination inhibition. The most-represented subunits of S-LPS ranged in Mr from 30,000 to 70,000 relative to marker proteins. According to A or M immunodominance, two sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis banding patterns were clearly distinguished among biovars, whatever the fraction tested: a close succession of regularly spaced narrow bands for A greater than M strains and regularly spaced triplets of bands including either (i) a first thin band followed by two thick bands for B. abortus M greater than A strains or (ii) one thick band between two thin bands for B. melitensis or B. suis M greater than A strains. Moreover, A and M specificities were reaffirmed by sandwich enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination inhibition with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera.
 ...
PMID:Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis of smooth-lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity among Brucella biovars related to A and M specificities. 222 39

The molecular heterogeneity of S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reflecting the size of lateral O-specific polysaccharide chains, has been established by the method of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. The dominating components fall into three types, viz. those with 0-3, 10-16 and 35-40 repeating structures, the remaining components being minor ones. The electrophoretic profile of S. sonnei LPS considerably differs from the profiles of Escherichia coli and S. flexneri LPS, but coincides with the LPS profiles of other strains with different virulence. The preparations of LPS obtained by extraction with trichloroacetic acid have the same electrophoretic profiles as LPS obtained by the method of aqueous phenol extraction. The domination of certain molecular variants reflects, seemingly, specific features of the biosynthesis of LPS, characteristic of a given strain. The mechanisms of the preferable synthesis of lateral O-specific chains of the definite size and the importance of the molecular parameters of lateral chains for the biological properties of LPS require further study.
 ...
PMID:[The molecular heterogeneity of Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic data]. 225 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>