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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lipopolysaccharide previously isolated from the rickettsial agent of Q fever, Coxiella burneti, phase I, has been further characterized. The sugar residues ribose, mannose, gluclose, D-glycero-D-mannoheptose, and L-glycerto-D-mannoheptose are present. Two sugars remain unidentified, one of which is a minor and the other a major constituent. Isomyristic, palmitic, and beta-hydroxymyristic acids are the major fatty acid residues of the 15 identified. The nature and content of other lipopolysaccharide constituents are presented.
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PMID:Further characterization of a lipopolysaccharide from Coxiella burneti. 97 47

Lipolysaccharide was isolated from Chromatium vinosum by phenol/water extraction. The lipopolysaccharide is found exclusively in the phenol phase and can be cleaved into a sugar moiety and a lipid A fraction by hydrolysis in 10% acetic acid at 100 degrees C for 3-4 h. The sugar moiety contains the neutral sugars 3-O-methyl-D-ribose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, mannosamine and glucose, and smaller quantities of D-rhamnose, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (tentatively identified), quinovosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. L-glycero-D-manno-heptose was not detected. The 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate linkage in C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide is more resistant to acid hydrolysis than that of Escherichia coli. The lipid A fraction contains glucosamine, mannose and the fatty acids of the lipopolysaccharide. The major fatty acid is beta-hydroxymyristic acid, with smaller amounts of lauric and palmitic acids as well as 14-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid, also being present. The phosphorus content of the C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide was found to be approximately 0.1%. Erythrocytes sensitized with alkali-treated C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide were agglutinated by antisera prepared against heat-killed cells. Untreated or heat-treated lipopolysaccharide did not sensitize erythrocytes. The lethal toxicity to mice of the C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide is about one-tenth as that from Salmonella abortus equi.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Chromatium vinosum. 97 62

Both the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen and the synthesis of peptidoglycan in Salmonella typhimurium proceed via membrane-bound glycosylated lipid intermediates. The first enzyme of each pathway transfers a sugar phosphate from a nucleotide sugar to the glycosyl carrier lipid (P-GCL). Each enzyme catalyzes an exchange reaction between the reaction product urine monophosphate, and the nucleotide sugar substrate. Several strains of S. typhimurium defective in lipopolysaccharide synthesis accumulate glycosylated lipid intermediates under appropriate conditions. In addition, strains lysogenic for phage P22 synthesize a glucose derivative of the carrier lipid. These strains were used to demonstrate the P/GCL requirement of the exchange reaction catalyzed by galactose-diphosphoglycosyl carrier lipid (GCL-PP-Gal) synthetase, the first enzyme of O-antigen synthesis. Enzyme activity is greatly reduced when glycosylated P-GCL accumulates on the cytoplasmic membrane. The exchange reaction catalyzed by the first enzyme of peptidoglycan synthesis is unaffected by the accumulation of O-antigen fragments on the carrier lipid and may interact with a different pool of P-GCL within the membrane. GCL-PP-Gal synthetase activity cannot be detected in the membranes of two rfa mutants that synthesize incomplete lipopolysaccharide core. Either the synthesis of GCL-PP-Gal synthetase or the stable integration of the enzyme into the membrane structure may be disrupted in the rfa mutants. Peptidoglycan synthesis is unaffected by the mutations affecting the core glycosyltransferases.
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PMID:Membrane-associated nucleotide sugar reactions: influence of mutations affecting lipopolysaccharide on the first enzyme of O-antigen synthesis. 109 85

A DNA bacteriophage, designated CP13, was isolated against Escherichia coli J5, a UDP-galactose-4-epimeraseless mutant of E. coli 0111:B4. Bacteriophage CP13 appears to be specific for rough bacterial strains. Adsorption studies with E. coli J5 grown with galactose show that the bacteriophage will not adsorb when complete lipopolysaccharide is present in the cell membrane. This indicates that lipopolysaccharide may be directly or indirectly involved with the receptor site for bacteriophage CP13. The bacteriophage DNA has a G + C content of 52%.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage infective for a UDP-galactose-4-epimeraseless mutant of Escherichia coli. 110 Feb 8

Endotoxins of S and R forms of Shigella dysenteriae 1 were prepared by NaCl-Na citrate extraction, purified by gel chromatography on Sephadex G 200 and on Sepharose 4B and subjected to immunochemical and chemical analysis. The toxins contained 25--30% of lipids, 40--50% of carbohydrates and 14--24% of protein. The lipid and protein moieties of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes exhibited no significant difference, whereas the sugar moieties differed markedly (both qualitatively and quantitatively), in relation to the growth form of the culture. The lipid moiety, which consists at least of 22 fatty acids, has the greatest relative content (approx. 50%) of behenic acid, 22:0, and palmitic acid, 16:0 (approx. 11%). In the protein moiety, at least 16 amino acids were determined; these amino acids were identical in both endotoxin types, but their total content was higher in the R form, giving an R:S ratio of 1.7 +/- 0.2. The sugar moiety consists of galactose, glucosamine and either rhamnose (in S endotoxin) or aldoheptose (in R endotoxin). The difference of the chemical composition of the sugar moiety is believed to account for the diametric difference in the immunochemical character, in particular the different behaviour in the electric field, of both endotoxin types. The average content of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid was determined as 0.5% for both S and R endotoxin. Trace amounts of O-phosphorylethanolamine were found. Individual aspects of the chemical and immunochemical analysis are discussed in detail.
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PMID:Some immunochemical and chemical aspects of S and R Shigella dysenteriae 1 endotoxins. 110 98

The polysaccharide component obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 6 was subjected to milk hydrolysis with acid, and the products were fractionated on Sephadex G-50. An acidic hexosaminoglycan and a core oligosaccharide fraction were obtained, the former containing D-glucose, D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (in the ratios 1:1:1), and an unidentified acidic component (X). The hexosaminoglycan was N-deacetylated and then hydrolysed and deaminated to give 3-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose (1), identified as the N-acetyl derivative (2), and 2,5-anhydro-3-O-(6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)talitol (3). On the basis of the structure of 2 and the methylation-analysis data for the polysaccharide and 3, together with that for the determination of linkage configurations by chromic anhydride oxidation, the hexosaminoglycan is considered to have the repeating structure (see article).
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PMID:Selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages: studies with the polysaccharide component of Shigella dysenteriae type 6 lipopolysaccharide. 110 65

Cells of rough (but not smooth) strains of Salmonella typhimurium become competent for transfection by phage P22 deoxyribonucleic acid after treatment with 0.1 M CaCl2. The yield of infectious centers is about 10(-8) per genome equivalent of deoxyribonucleic acid. However, different sorts of rough strains vary in their ability to become competent in a fashion that can be correlated with the level of the genetic block in cell wall lipopolysaccharide synthesis. The most amenable strains are blocked by defects in the addition of galactose units I and II of the lipopolysaccharide by the inability to synthesize uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose (galE point mutants and gal deletion mutants). Strains blocked only in the addition of galactose I, glucose I, or heptose II have low levels of transfectability, whereas strains with either more complete or more deficient lipopolysaccharide core are not competent for transfection. When normal lipopolysaccharide synthesis is restored either genetically or by furnishing exogenous galactose (galE point mutants that can still use it), the cells are not longer competent for transfection.
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PMID:Transfectability of rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 110 96

Glycosylation of 1,2:5,6-di-O-idopropylidene-alpha-D-galactofuranose with 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide, followed by removal of the protecting groups, gave O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactose, which is the trisaccharide repeating-unit of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella anatum. The formation of the beta-D-mannopyranosyl linkage was achieved by a glucose-mannose conversion via stereoselective reduction of the corresponding oxo-disaccharide.
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PMID:Synthesis of O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-1 leads to 4)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactopyranose, the trisaccharide repeating-unit of the o-specific polysaccharide from Salmonella anatum. 121 70

Cultures of eight non-pathogenic species of Neisseria grown in simple defined media released lipopolysaccharide (free lipopolysaccharide) by a process distinct from cellular autolysis. Analyses of the pure cellular and free lipopolysaccharides obtained from six species of Neisseria revealed that they were remarkably similar and were devoid of detectable O-antigen side chains. Three distinct types of core-oligosaccharides were demonstrated. Type I core-oligosaccharide was a branched structure of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl units (7 mol) terminated by a reducing end group of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. Type II core-oligosaccharide contained D-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose, L-rhamnose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, phosphate, and ethanolamine in a molar ratio of 3:2:1:1:1:1:1. Type III coreoligosaccharide was composed of D-glucose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, and phosphate in a molar ratio of 3:3:1:1. Lipopolysaccharides of N. caviae and N. sicca contained type I core-oligosaccharides exclusively, while those of N. flava and N. perflava contained only type II core-oligosaccharide. Cellular lipopolysaccharide from N. cinerea contained core-oligosaccharides of types I and II in a ratio of 27:73, while the analogous preparation from N. flavescens contained core-oligosaccharide types II and III in a ratio of 21:4. Free lipopolysaccharides from these two organisms contained only one type of coreoligosaccharide. Lipid A components of all the lipopolysaccharide preparations were very similar being composed of about 25% by weight of dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid.
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PMID:Cellular and free lipopolysaccharides of some species of Neisseria. 122 Aug 63

Lipopolysaccharides were isolated from the cell walls of Vibrio cholerae 569 B (Inaba) and El-tor (Inaba). Chemical analysis revealed the presence of glucose, fructose, mannose, heptose, rhamnose, ethanolamine, fatty acids and glucosamine. The lipopolysaccharides do not contain 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, the typical linking sugar of polysaccharide and lipid moieties of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. Galactose, a typical core polysaccharide component of many gram-negative bacteria was also absent from lipopolysaccharides of these organisms. By hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid, the lipopolysaccharides have been separated into a polysaccharide part (degraded polysaccharide) and a lipid part (lipid A). Components of degraded polysaccharide and lipid A moiety were identified and determined. The lipid A fractions contained fatty acids, phosphorus and glucosamine. All the neutral sugars detected in lipopolysaccharides were shown to be the constituents of its polysaccharide moiety. The fatty acid analysis of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A showed the presence of both hydroxy and non hydroxy acids. They were different from those of lipids extracted from cell walls before the extraction of lipopolysaccharides. 3-Hydroxylauric and 3-hydroxymyristic acids predominated in lipopolysaccharide and lipid A of Vibrio cholerae and El-tor (Inaba).
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PMID:Biochemical studies on the cell wall lipopolysaccharides (O-antigens) of Vibrio cholerae 569 B (Inaba) and El-tor (Inaba). 126 36


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