Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chlamydial genus-specific antigen was extracted with phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether (PCP) from preparations of Chlamydia trachomatis and C. psittaci, and quantities measured using an assay for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS from C. trachomatis contained 2.2% (w/w) of ketodeoxyoctanoic acid. Five IgG monoclonal antibodies reacted in an ELISA with LPS from both species, the antigen being periodate-sensitive and heat-resistant, confirming that all antibodies were against the genus-specific antigen. All the antibodies bound to the PCP extract of C. trachomatis on an immunoblot, at a position corresponding to the periodate-Schiff-stained bands of both C. trachomatis extract and Salmonella Re-LPS. When linked to trypsin-treated sheep erthrocytes and used in reverse passive haemagglutination tests, all antibodies gave indicator cells capable of detecting chlamydial LPS or crude preparations of chlamydiae grown in McCoy cells, the sensitivity varying with the antibody used. The antibodies varied in IgG subclass (either IgG2a or IgG3), and in ability to precipitate in immunodiffusion tests. Two antibodies cross-reacted with one strain of Acinetobacter in ELISA and with Salmonella Re-LPS in both ELISA and immunodiffusion tests. The other three did not react in ELISA with Acinetobacter strains or Salmonella Re-LPS, and none of the five reacted with LPS of E. coli or Pseudomonas morsprunorum.
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PMID:Properties of monoclonal antibodies to the genus-specific antigen of Chlamydia and their use for antigen detection by reverse passive haemagglutination. 392 56

Neutrophil granulocytes are most active producers of potentially toxic free oxygen radicals. Since other functions of granulocytes can be affected by lymphokines or monokines, we investigated whether granulocyte oxygenation activity can also be influenced by such cellular mediators. Human granulocytes emitted strong chemiluminescence after addition of culture supernatants from human mononuclear cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Response of the granulocytes was dose-dependent and was inhibited up to 90% or more by superoxide dismutase. This granulocyte chemiluminescence inducer-activity (GCI-activity) in the LPS-induced supernatants was heat-labile and sensitive to trypsin treatment. Addition of cycloheximide to the cultures inhibited the generation of GCI-activity by 80%. On HPLC gel filtration GCI-activity eluted with two distinct peaks corresponding to molecular weights of 60 +/- 10 KDa and between 1 and 5 KDa. Murine interleukin 1, human recombinant interferon-alpha and -gamma were devoid of GCI-activity. When mononuclear cells were fractionated by plastic adherence or counterflow elutriation, monocytes appeared to be the source of GCI-activity. Therefore, it appears that granulocyte oxygenation activity can be enhanced strongly by a cellular mediator derived from monocytes. This interaction of monocytes and granulocytes may constitute a new and potent pathway of phagocyte-dependent production of highly reactive and potentially toxic oxygen radicals.
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PMID:Induction of granulocyte chemiluminescence by a mediator derived from human monocytes. 394 6

Good production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the rabbit was obtained using Propionibacterium acnes IID 912 as a priming agent and subsequent administration of lipopolysaccharide. The physicochemical characteristics of rabbit TNF were very similar to those of murine TNF. The molecular weight of rabbit TNF was 39,000 as estimated by gel filtration, and 18,000 by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point was determined as pH 4.0 by isoelectric focusing. Rabbit TNF was stable within the pH range of 5.5 to 11.0, and was stable at 56 degrees C for 8 hr. It was digested by trypsin, pancreatic protease and elastase, but was resistant to neuraminidase. The amino acid sequence of rabbit TNF was determined as Ser-Ala-Ser-Arg-Ala-Leu- .... Monoclonal antibody against rabbit TNF completely inhibited both the in vivo and in vitro activity of rabbit TNF. However, this antibody could not inhibit the action of murine TNF. Antitumor activity of rabbit TNF was shown against murine and human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and rabbit TNF was also capable of distinguishing malignant cells from normal cells.
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PMID:Purification and partial amino acid sequence of rabbit tumor necrosis factor. 403 Jan 39

A trypsin-sensitive, heat-labile exotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain P-A-103 has been purified by a procedure that includes membrane ultrafiltration, hydroxylapatite chromatography, ion-exchange cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The procedure resulted in the recovery of 48% of the exotoxin with a 40-fold increase in specific activity (micrograms of protein per median lethal dose [LD(50)]). The mean lethal dose of the purified toxin administered intravenously into mice weighing 20 g was approximately 6 mug of protein. The toxin contained virtually no nucleic acid, detectable pigment, or lipopolysaccharide. When subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the toxin separated into at least six protein components which appeared to have similar molecular weights. The estimated molecular weight of the toxin is 54,000, and its isoelectric point is 5.0
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PMID:Purification and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin. 420 83

Pupae of the silk moth, Samia cynthia, were found to contain an inducible antibacterial activity in their hemolymph. This immunity response was provoked by primary infections with either Escherichia coli K-12 or Enterobacter cloacae. In both cases the antibacterial activity was directed chiefly towards E. coli. During standard conditions, 1% of hemolymph could kill 10(3) to 10(4) viable E. coli, strain D31, within 5 min. A lower level of antibacterial activity was induced by injections of a sterile salt solution. The killing of strain D31 followed single-hit kinetics, and increasing rate constants were obtained for increasing amounts of hemolymph. The reaction was sensitive to pretreatment with trypsin and it was protected by reducing agents. The activity was inhibited by microgram quantities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from certain LPS mutants of E. coli K-12. A comparison of the susceptibility showed that "heptose-less" LPS mutants were more sensitive to killing than other strains. During standard conditions hemolymph will lyse both E. coli and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Lysis of E. coli followed a multi-hit kinetics and it was inhibited by LPS, whereas lysis of M. lysodeikticus was unaffected by LPS. Hemolymph was fractionated on Sephadex G-200, and the lytic activities were recovered in partly overlapping peaks. Reconstitution with pooled fractions gave synergistic effects with the killing assay.
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PMID:Insect immunity. I. Characteristics of an inducible cell-free antibacterial reaction in hemolymph of Samia cynthia pupae. 421 Mar 36

Purified precursor Hageman factor has been demonstrated to bind to soluble bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) isolated from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, and this complex has been shown to have the capacity to convert prekallikrein to its active form. In addition, LPS-activated Hageman factor substantially reduces clotting times in XII-deficient plasma. The capacity to activate Hageman factor has been demonstrated to reside in the lipid A region of the LPS molecule. Activation of Hageman factor by LPS contrasts with fluid-phase activation (e.g., by kallikrein or trypsin) in that no cleavage to lower molecular weight fragments occurs. High concentrations of LPS inhibit the activity of Hageman factor, probably by a direct LPS-Hageman factor interaction.
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PMID:Direct evidence for Hageman factor (factor XII) activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins). 437 13

Ribosomal preparations obtained from Salmonella typhimurium by differential centrifugation and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment of the bacillary lysate were found to be immunogenic in F(1) hybrid (C(3)H/HeJ x DBA/2J) and albino Swiss mice, as determined by progressive host survival. The immunity obtained was independent of the need for adjuvant and dependent on the dosage of immunogen given. Immunizations with the ribosomal preparations induced an immune response comparable to that obtained by vaccination with living organisms and significantly greater than that obtained by immunization with heat-killed salmonellae, purified lipopolysaccharide, or crude and SDS-treated endotoxin preparations. No effect on the immunogenicity of the ribosomal fraction was observed by enzymatic treatment with trypsin, Pronase, deoxyribonuclease, and pancreatic ribonuclease. Linear sucrose density gradient resolution of the preparations showed that the immunogenicity of the ribosomal fraction was not unique to any one of its subcomponents. Ethyl alcohol-precipitated, crude ribonucleic acid preparations obtained from the ribosomal and sucrose density-resolved ribosomal preparations were found to induce an immune response comparable to that obtained by immunization with the entire ribosomal fraction. Dialysis in doubly distilled demineralized water slightly reduced the immunogenicity of the preparation; however, comparable dialysis in 10(-4)m MgCl(2)-phosphate buffer did not. Chemical assays of the preparations found to be immunogenic were performed.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of an immunogenic moiety obtained from Salmonella typhimurium. 489 82

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces in 5 h a hypotensive response mediated by the B1-receptor for kinins in the rabbit, an effect which is not observed in untreated animals. The present study is intended to evaluate the capacity of other acute toxic treatments to induce such a response and to analyze the mechanism of induction. Intravenous injections of inulin (20 mg), Naja venom (50 micrograms), compound 48/80 (1 mg), and etiocholanolone (6 mg) failed to induce hypotensive response to des-Arg9-bradykinin (the selective agonist of the B1-receptor) in 5 h. LPS from Salmonella (100 micrograms) and E. coli (10 micrograms) were highly effective, whereas trypsin (2 mg) gave doubtful responses. White blood cell counts revealed a profound and rapid neutropenic effect of the 2 LPS and a less marked one for trypsin. It is concluded that (1) LPS is a selective inducer of a new cardiovascular response to kinins mediated by the B1-receptor, and (2) that the mechanism of induction may include an intimate interaction between neutrophil leukocytes and blood vessel walls.
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PMID:Selective induction of cardiovascular responses to des-Arg9-bradykinin by bacterial endotoxin. 614 64

The receptor specificity of H-2-restricted T lymphoblasts activated against trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS)-coupled spleen cells was examined using an antigen binding assay. A population of Lyt-1+,2-T lymphoblasts acquired syngeneic Ia determinants during 4 days of primary culture with hapten-coupled stimulator cells. Syngeneic Ia was not reexpressed after trypsin treatment of the T cells, but was found after incubation with soluble Ia shed from lipopolysaccharide-activated blasts. Self-Ia binding was specific in that Lyt-1+,2- but not Lyt-1-,2+ cells acquired the antigen, and in that self-Ia bound more effectively than allogeneic Ia material. To determine the relationship of self-Ia binding to the recognition of foreign antigen, the binding of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-coupled plasma membrane vesicles by TNP-specific T cells was studied. TNP-vesicle binding occurred via TNP and H-2(Ia) molecules on the vesicles in that binding was inhibited with antibodies against TNP or H-2(Ia) molecules but not non-major histocompatibility complex (e.g., Ly-6.2) molecules on the vesicles. Complete inhibition of TNP-vesicle binding by an Iak-restricted TNP-specific T-cell line occurred with soluble TNP-lysine, but not an unrelated hapten, N-iodoacetyl-N-(5-sulfonic-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (I-AED)-cysteine. Conversely, I-AED-cysteine, but not TNP-lysine, inhibited binding of I-AED-coupled B6 vesicles by B6 anti-I-AED T cells. Significant, but weak inhibition of TNP-vesicle binding by the anti-TNP line was observed with glycoprotein preparations containing partially purified self-Ia molecules. However, inhibition was specific for I-Ak molecules, in that inhibition was lost after removal of I-Ak molecules from the glycoprotein preparation, and very little inhibition occurred with soluble glycoproteins prepared from thymocytes which contained very little Ia material or from LPS blasts of an unrelated H-2 haplotype. These results suggest a recognition model in which TNP and Ia determinants are recognized by neighboring receptor combining sites.
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PMID:Receptor specificity of Ia-restricted T lymphoblasts activated against trinitrobenzene sulfonate-coupled spleen cells: recognition of distinct trinitrophenyl and Ia moieties. 619 19

The interaction of C3 and terminal complement components with three isogenic strains of Escherichia coli O111B4 varying in outer membrane and capsule composition was examined. Strains CL99 and 1-1, which possess O-antigen capsule and 74 to 77% coverage of lipid A core oligosaccharide, were sensitive to killing in pooled normal human serum (PNHS) or magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS in the presence but not the absence of antibody, although 1-1 contained 35% more lipopolysaccharide than CL99 and was slightly less sensitive to alternative pathway killing. In contrast, strain 1-2 lacks O-antigen capsule but contains 84% coverage and resists serum killing in the presence and absence of antibody in both PNHS and magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS. All three strains consumed C3 and C9 when incubated in PNHS, but consumption was most rapid with 1-2, which also bound the largest number of C3 molecules per CFU. Between 15 X 10(3) and 24 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU bound to CL99 and 1-1 during incubation in 10% PNHS or 10% magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS, and binding was relatively stable. Binding and release of 3 X 10(3) to 8 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU was observed for strain 1-2. The majority of C9 bound to CL99 and 1-1 in the presence of antibody distributed with the outer membrane after lysis of the organisms in a French press, whereas only 16.1 to 20.1% of C9 was deposited on these organisms in the absence of antibody, and 31.5 to 39.8% of C9 on strain 1-2 with or without antibody sedimented with the outer membrane. Between 4.6 X 10(3) and 5.5 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU remained bound in a salt- and trypsin-resistant form to the outer membrane of organisms that were killed, whereas fewer than 1.4 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU were bound to the outer membrane of organisms not killed by serum. These results indicate that C5b-9 that is bound to the outer membrane of E. coli O111B4 in a form resistant to salt or protease elution correlates with bacterial killing.
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PMID:Mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing: inserted C5b-9 correlates with killing for Escherichia coli O111B4 varying in O-antigen capsule and O-polysaccharide coverage of lipid A core oligosaccharide. 620 36


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