Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been previously reported that the neuroprotective hormone oestradiol reduces microglia inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to test whether two selective oestrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, modulate in vivo the activation of microglia induced by the peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activation of microglia was assessed in the white matter of the cerebellum using immunoreactivity for major histocompatability complex-II. Oestradiol, tamoxifen and raloxifene decreased microglia activation induced by LPS in male and ovariectomized female rats, although the doses of oestradiol that were effective in decreasing microglia reactivity were not the same in both sexes. Tamoxifen reduced microglia activation in all experimental groups at all doses tested (0.5-2 mg/kg b.w.) while raloxifene lost its anti-inflammatory activity at the higher dose tested (2 mg/kg b.w). In addition, raloxifene had per se a moderate pro-inflammatory activity in the brain of control female rats and its anti-inflammatory activity was partially impaired in female animals after 1 month of deprivation of ovarian hormones. Spots of oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha immunoreactivity were detected in the soma and cell processes of microglia. Treatment with LPS, oestradiol or tamoxifen induced an increase of ER-alpha immunoreactive spots in the perikaryon of microglia, while oestradiol antagonized the effect of LPS. The results indicate that some oestrogenic compounds decrease brain inflammation by a mechanism that may involve ERs expressed by microglia. The findings support the potential therapeutic role of oestrogenic compounds as protective anti-inflammatory agents for the central nervous system.
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PMID:Selective oestrogen receptor (ER) modulators reduce microglia reactivity in vivo after peripheral inflammation: potential role of microglial ERs. 1846 May 49

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) synthesizes huge amounts of the exopolysaccharide xanthan and is a plant pathogen affecting Brassicaceae, among them the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Xanthan is produced as a thickening agent at industrial scale by fermentation of Xcc. In an approach based on 2D gel electrophoresis, protein samples from different growth phases were characterized to initialize analysis of the Xanthomonas phosphoproteome. The 2D gels were stained with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain to identify putatively phosphorylated proteins. Spots of putatively phosphorylated proteins were excised from the gel and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Three proteins were confirmed to be phosphorylated, the phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase XanA that is important for xanthan and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, the phosphoenolpyruvate synthase PspA that is involved in gluconeogenesis, and an anti-sigma factor antagonist RsbR that was so far uncharacterized in xanthomonads. The growth phase in which the samples were collected had an influence on protein phosphorylation in Xcc, particular distinct in case of RsbR, which was phosphorylated during the transition from the late exponential growth phase to the stationary phase.
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PMID:Dynamic protein phosphorylation during the growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100 revealed by a gel-based proteomics approach. 2379 82