Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of 3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-on e (T-614, CAS 123663-49-0) were investigated in various animal models and compared with those of nimesulide, indomethacin and ibuprofen. The antiinflammatory potency of T-614 on carrageenin-induced paw edema, paper disk granuloma and established adjuvant arthritis was greater than that of ibuprofen, but slightly lower than those of nimesulide and indomethacin. In acute inflammatory models, unlike indomethacin, T-614 suppressed the edemas provoked by dextran and bromelain in rats, but its inhibitory action on ultraviolet erythema in guinea-pigs was weak. Although the analgesic activity of T-614 was hardly demonstrated in writhing tests in mice, its potency against the inflammatory pain such as Randall-Selitto test, adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia and antigen-induced arthritic pain in rats was superior to that of ibuprofen. Moreover, it had a potent analgesic effect on urate-induced synovitis in dogs. T-614 exerted a prompt and strong antipyretic effect in both yeast-induced febrile rats and lipopolysaccharide-induced febrile rabbits. T-614 had virtually no gastrointestinal ulcerogenic action and did not affect water and sodium excretion in rats. T-614 is a novel antiinflammatory compound with different pharmacological properties from that of the reference drugs.
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PMID:Pharmacological studies of the new antiinflammatory agent 3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-o ne. 1st communication: antiinflammatory, analgesic and other related properties. 141 59

The effect of LPSw, a lipopolysaccharide from a water extract of wheat flour, on pain response was investigated using an acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. LPSw inhibited writhing dose-dependently in the range of 10 ng-10 micrograms/mouse i.v. This effect reached its maximum 1.5-3 h after the LPSw inoculation and was detectable even after 8 h. The analgesic effect of LPSw was inhibited by i.v. injection of naloxone and also beta-endorphin was detected in serum and brain tissue following injection of LPSw. Preliminary clinical trials were done in which LPSw was administered percutaneously to relieve the pain of patients with herpes. The results showed that pain was relieved by this application. LPSw may be the best analgesic drug so far known, since it induces the endogenous mediator of analgesia, beta-endorphin.
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PMID:Homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. IV. Analgesic effect of LPSw, a lipopolysaccharide of wheat flour. 152 27

The effect of interleukin-1 together with lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor and interferon on a pain-like response was investigated with the phenylquinone-induced writhing test in mice. Recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rHu-IL-1 alpha) inhibited writhing dose relatedly at doses of 0.25-5 micrograms/kg i.v., and its potency was about 1000 times that of morphine on a molar basis. Potent anti-writhing activity was also seen after an i.v. dose of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF) and mouse alpha-interferon (mIFN alpha). Lipopolysaccharide, unlike rHu-IL-1 alpha, needed a lag time of about 1 h to develop its anti-writhing action. The relative potency ratios of intracisternal to i.v. and i.p. to i.v. administration of rHu-IL-1 alpha were about 38 and 0.1, respectively. The activity of rHu-IL-1 alpha and rHu-TNF, unlike mIFN alpha, was not naloxone-reversible. rHu-IL-1 alpha did not produce an increase in writhes counts even if injected directly into the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that rHu-IL-1 alpha, as well as lipopolysaccharide, rHu-TNF and mIFN alpha, had potent anti-writhing activity when given i.v. and its action is due to a central mechanism but is not naloxone-reversible, and that rHu-IL-1 alpha is not algesic under the experimental conditions used.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 induces analgesia in mice by a central action. 326 Aug 69

The value of several serological tests was assessed by studying sera from 30 women with clinical findings of perihepatitis and a high chlamydial antibody titre in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The other tests included the complement fixation test and enzyme immunoassays in which the antigen comprised either partially purified particles (EIA kit) or purified major outer membrane protein (MOMP EIA) of Chlamydia trachomatis L2 or lipopolysaccharide isolated from an Re mutant of Salmonella (Re LPS EIA). High IgG titres were noted in most (88-96%) of the patients by MOMP EIA and EIA kit, and in fewer patients (50%) by Re LPS EIA or complement fixation test. Seroconversion was found in 11-44% of the patients for IgG and in 28-36% for IgM; high IgG titre was thus the best diagnostic indicator for each test. The enzyme immunoassay tests have the advantage of being automated either with partially purified corpuscular or purified MOMP antigen and would allow a sensitive easy screening for chlamydial aetiology of women with pain of the right upper quadrant.
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PMID:Comparative sensitivity of different serological tests for detecting chlamydial antibodies in perihepatitis. 389 92

Immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections date back to the antecedent century. Recent interest and controversy has centered about the efficacy of gram-negative bacillary vaccines, antiserum against endotoxin, and pneumococcal vaccines. Immunization of cancer patients with Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide vaccines has yielded inconsistent results. Factors limiting the further application of this approach are the poor immune responses in neutropenic patients and the marked pyrogenicity and pain associated with vaccine administration. Similarly, patients being treated for neoplasms of the hematopoietic system are not likely to show good antibody responses to pneumococcal antigens, even though they are not toxic. Pneumococcal immunization appears to be effective, at least as measured in terms of antibody titers, in those patients with lymphoma who have not undergone splenectomy and are not receiving chemotherapy at the time of immunization. The most reliable approach towards immunoprophylaxis may be the passive one, with antibody being produced in normal donors. The antibodies are short-lived, and this type of prophylaxis still needs to be evaluated in controlled trials. In a recently completed controlled therapeutic trial, the therapeutic application of an antiserum against core endotoxin antigens resulted in a significant reduction in deaths and increased recovery from shock complicating gram-negative sepsis. However, antiserum failed to protect cancer patients or neutropenic subjects.
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PMID:Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II). Immunoprophylaxis and serotherapy of bacterial infections. 642 66

Recent studies have suggested that glia might play a more active role in synaptic function than previously thought. Therefore, the present studies have evaluated the potential role of spinal cord glia in acute nociceptive processing and in the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia produced by peripheral injury. In the present experiments, we found that: (1) selective inhibition of glia metabolism with intrathecal (i.t.) administration of fluorocitrate (1 nmol) results in a marked, but reversible, attenuation of the persistent thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia produced by intraplantar zymosan (5 mg); (2) selective inhibition of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with i.t. aminoguanidine (1 pmol-1 nmol) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the persistent thermal, but not mechanical hyperalgesia produced by intraplantar zymosan (5 mg); (3) i.t. coadministration of interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta; 10 ng) and interferon gamma (IFN; 1000 U) resulted in expression of the message for iNOS 8 hr after administration assessed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis; and (4) i.t. administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 micrograms) produced a time-dependent thermal hyperalgesia compared with saline treated-rats (15 microliters). There was no change in mechanical withdrawal thresholds over time following any treatment, except fluorocitrate. We have previously shown that NO plays a significant role in mechanisms of hyperalgesia. In the present experiments we have extended these observations and have now shown a role for iNOS, expressed by glia, in mechanisms of hyperalgesia. These results suggest an unexplored avenue for the development of potential new and novel therapies for pain control.
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PMID:The possible role of glia in nociceptive processing and hyperalgesia in the spinal cord of the rat. 753 31

The spinal cord dorsal horn contains neural mechanisms which can greatly facilitate pain. We have recently shown that 'illness'-inducing agents, such as intraperitoneally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial endotoxin), can produce prolonged hyperalgesia. This hyperalgesic state is mediated at the level of the spinal cord via activation of the NMDA-nitric oxide cascade. However, prolonged neuronal depolarization is required before such a cascade can occur. The present series of experiments were aimed at identifying spinal neurotransmitters which might be responsible for creating such a depolarized state. These studies show that LPS hyperalgesia is mediated at the level of the spinal cord by substance P, cholecystokinin and excitatory amino acids acting at non-NMDA sites. No apparent role for serotonin or kappa opiate receptors was found.
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PMID:Illness-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by spinal neuropeptides and excitatory amino acids. 753

A variety of experimental manipulations produce enhanced pain responsivity. Recent work has demonstrated that activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord can produce persistent enhancement of pain via production of nitric oxide and/or prostaglandins. To date, the behavioral paradigms used to study NMDA mediated hyperalgesia have all involved direct excitation of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons via activation of primary nociceptive afferents. The present series of experiments examined whether the NMDA cascade would also be activated by events that do not produce direct pain input to the spinal cord dorsal horn. The hyperalgesia-inducing paradigm used was intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes transient illness. Prior work has shown that LPS induces hyperalgesia via activation of hepatic vagal afferents to the brain, thereby activating a centrifugal pain facilitory circuit. The present study demonstrates that this centrifugal hyperalgesia is produced via activation of the NMDA-nitric oxide cascade at the level of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Illness-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by a spinal NMDA-nitric oxide cascade. 789 51

The ability of a lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) to relieve hyperalgesia was examined by observing its inhibition of the decrease in the threshold for nociceptive perception, as determined by the tail-pinch test, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Subcutaneous injection of LPSp suppressed hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and also exerted a therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia in these animals. The present data suggest that LPSp may be effective in relieving the pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.
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PMID:Suppression of hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by a lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans. 792 Apr 22

Activation of the immune system in response to either infection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces neurophysiological, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Some of the physiological consequences of LPS are mediated by endogenous opioid peptides. The following studies were designed to characterize the effects of LPS in several behavioral paradigms, and to determine the role of opioids in mediating these effects. The effects of LPS on locomotor and self-care activity were assessed in the open field test. Rats were injected with either saline or a dose of LPS (25, 50, 100, or 1000 micrograms/kg). 4 h later, the animals were placed in an open field and the numbers of line crossings, rearings and grooming episodes were counted. LPS significantly suppressed the three open field behaviors in a dose-related manner. The effect of LPS on sensitivity to pain was determined using the hot-plate and tail-flick tests. Administration of LPS (200 micrograms/kg) increased pain sensitivity in the hot plate test 30 min after drug administration, but produced a significant analgesic response 4 h after drug administration in both tests. Further characterization of LPS-induced analgesia demonstrated that it began about 2 h after and disappeared 30 h after the administration of LPS. Administration of naltrexone completely blocked the analgesic effects of LPS 4 h after its administration, but had no effect on LPS-induced suppression of activity in the open field. The effect of LPS on body temperature was biphasic, producing hypothermia at 2 h and hyperthermia at 8-30 h after its administration. Naltrexone had no effect on the body temperature changes induced by LPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in rats: involvement of endogenous opioids. 792 30


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