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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of 38 calves aged 15-30 days of the Simenthal breed and of crosses with Ireshire was studied before and after transportaton at a distance of 38-100 km. It was established that transportation causes fatigue, thirst and a weight reduction of 4.3 kg, due to loss of liquid in the calf's organism. Caughing, soft faeces, even diarrhea, 1.5 degrees C higher rectal temperature, and 3.0 degrees C lower skin temperature, were recorded. the MacClure--Oldridge test proved twice as fast. As a result of hemoconcentration hemoglobin and hematocrite were higher. Eosinopaenia and neutrophylia with a nuclear deviation to the left similar to the reaction of experimentally induced lipopolysaccharide fever were established. On the 72d hour lymphocytosis and an enhanced lymhocytal index were observed. Transportation led to 15-18% higher number of phagocyted neutrophyls, 30-35% higher Wright number and nearly two times higher total blood phagocytal ability. Seventy two hours after two times higher total blood phagocytal ability. Seventy two hours after transportation the total blood phagocytal ability was reduced 15%. Another effect of calf transportation was the reduced total immunological reactivity, scored by the skin test of Yoffe.
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PMID:[Reactivity changes in calves during transportation]. 741 35

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were derived against acetone-treated whole cells of the newly recognized Vibrio cholerae O139 serogroup which is causing epidemics of cholera-like disease in India and Bangladesh. Four MAbs specifically recognized the lipopolysaccharide antigens of V. cholerae O139. MAbs ICL9 and ICL13 were of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype, ICL11 was of the IgG3 isotype, and ICL12 was of the Ig2b isotype. A fifth MAb, ICL10, of the IgG2b isotype cross-reacted with V. cholerae O91. All five MAbs recognized V. cholerae O139 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, slide agglutination test, motility inhibition test, and indirect immunofluorescence test. During a 1-month evaluation of these MAbs in our clinical laboratory, all 86 cases diagnosed as V. cholerae O139 by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum were also detected by these MAbs, establishing their utility as highly sensitive and specific diagnostic reagents. With these MAbs, it should now be possible to screen for the V. cholerae O139 serogroup in epidemic and endemic diarrhea cases and in environmental and food samples.
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PMID:Production, characterization, and application of monoclonal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal. 749 22

The polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from a young child with diarrhoea in Santiago, Chile (strain 17-2), has been investigated. Sugar and methylation analyses of native and partially degraded polysaccharide together with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies revealed that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units. The structure of the repeating unit of E. coli strain 17-2 O-polysaccharide is: [formula: see text] The structure of the O-polysaccharide from E. coli O3 was shown to be identical to that of E. coli strain 17-2 by sugar and methylation analyses and by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies.
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PMID:Structural studies of the O-antigenic polysaccharides of Escherichia coli O3 and the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain 17-2. 752 Dec 99

In previous trials, live invasive Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine candidate EcSf2a-2, administered to adult volunteers as 3 doses of ca. 2 x 10(9) colony forming units (c.f.u.) spaced over one week, induced fever and/or diarrhea in 11% of subjects and provided only limited protection (36% efficacy) against illness following challenge with virulent S. flexneri 2a. We sought to improve the clinical safety of this vaccine by administering a lower inoculum, and to enhance protective immunity by administering additional booster doses at 2 weeks. Twenty-one healthy adults were immunized with ca. 7 x 10(8) c.f.u. of EcSf2a-2 on days 0, 3, 14, and 17. The vaccine consistently colonized the intestine without causing serious adverse reactions; mild diarrhea developed in one subject and low grade fever in another. Vaccination elicited an antibody secreting cell (ASC) response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in all subjects, which was highest on day 7 and notably diminished thereafter on days 10, 16, 21, and 24, suggesting that active mucosal immunity developed rapidly. The magnitude of the response was modest (geometric mean peak = 16 IgA ASC/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and an IgG serological response to LPS was detected in only 19% of subjects. Following experimental challenge with virulent S. flexneri 2a administered with bicarbonate buffer, shigellosis (diarrhea, dysentery, or fever) developed in 10 of 16 vaccine recipients (63%) and in 12 of 14 unvaccinated controls (86%), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 27% (95% confidence limits -197, 82, p = 0.15, 1-tailed).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in healthy adults of four doses of live oral hybrid Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain EcSf2a-2. 763 17

Three groups of six calves each, 5 to 7 weeks old, were orally vaccinated with the live aromatic-dependent delta aroA Salmonella dublin (O9,12) hybrid strain SL7103 with the O4,12-specifying rfb gene cluster from Salmonella typhimurium. SL7103 was given in three weekly doses, increasing from 2 x 10(9) to 1 x 10(11) bacteria per ml, was well tolerated, and caused mild, short-term temperature increases which diminished with each immunization. The strain was shed for up to 1 week. Strain SL7103 elicited significant (P < 0.001) and equal anti-S. dublin and -S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide serum antibody responses and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity immune responses. Six vaccinated calves orally challenged with 10(10) CFU (equivalent to 1,000 50% lethal doses) of the virulent parent strain S. dublin SVA47 were protected and experienced only transient fever and mild mucoid diarrhea. However, six vaccinated calves orally challenged with 3 x 10(9) CFU and another six challenged with 3 x 10(8) CFU (equivalent to 1,000 50% lethal doses) of the virulent S. typhimurium SVA44 became bacteremic with a profuse hemorrhagic diarrhea and had to be sacrificed within 2 to 7 days. The results suggest that the S. typhimurium antilipopolysaccharide immunity was insufficient to provide a solid protective efficacy against oral S. typhimurium infection. The immunohistopathological examination revealed that S. typhimurium SVA44 could be found in all layers of the intestinal mucosa and the lymphatic tissues of the Peyer's patches. In contrast, S. dublin SVA47 was found predominantly in the columnar enterocytes of the jejunum and ileum and the follicle-associated epithelium over the Peyer's patches. In addition, SVA47 was found in the glandular tissues of the duodenal and tonsillar areas and in the lungs. This suggests that the S. typhimurium and S. dublin strains have different virulence traits determining their tissue localization and dissemination.
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PMID:Oral vaccination of calves with an aromatic-dependent Salmonella dublin (O9,12) hybrid expressing O4,12 protects against S. dublin (O9,12) but not against Salmonella typhimurium (O4,5,12). 768 Oct 42

The polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide obtained from an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain isolated from a young child with diarrhoea in Santiago, Chile (strain 73-1) was investigated. Sugar and methylation analyses of native and partially degraded polysaccharide together with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide is built of pentasaccharide repeating units. The structure of the repeating unit of E. coli strain 73-1 O-polysaccharide is (formula: see text)
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PMID:Structural studies of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain. 768 49

The titers of serum antibodies to natural infection with enteric and respiratory pathogens, to a food antigen and to tetanus and diphtheria toxoid were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,554 Ecuadorian children younger than 5 years of age. The nutritional status of the children was assessed by anthropometry and measurement of biochemical status indicators. The children were enrolled in a representative national nutrition and health survey. Antibody titers were analyzed as a function of the nutritional status of the children. For 12 of 14 antibody concentrations tested, underweight children showed lower antibody titers than did control children. The difference was statistically significant for antibody to both T-cell-dependent antigens (tetanus toxoid, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus) and T-cell-independent antigens (lipopolysaccharide, polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate, capsular polysaccharide). When children with a recent episode of diarrhea were excluded, many of the differences remained significant. When these children were further classified by age, only difference in titers of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and tetanus toxoid remained significant. No statistically significant difference was detected between underweight and control children with respect to protective antibody levels to four bacterial antigens. Anemic children showed significantly lower antibody levels to both T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent antigens than did control children, and a higher proportion of anemic children had diphtheria antitoxin below a conservatively defined protective antibody level. No major differences in antibody titers were seen between children with different retinol and zinc concentrations in serum.
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PMID:Effect of malnutrition in Ecuadorian children on titers of serum antibodies to various microbial antigens. 771 15

The live auxotrophic Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain SFL1070 with a deleted aroD gene was given orally to 37 adult Swedish volunteers who received three doses within 5 days. Each dose comprised 1 x 10(5) (n = 9), 1 x 10(7) (n = 10), 1 x 10(8) (n = 9) or 1 x 10(9) (n = 9) c.f.u. S. flexneri SFL1070. One volunteer vaccinated with 1 x 10(7) and three vaccinated with 1 x 10(8) c.f.u. reported mild gastrointestinal symptoms after the first dose. Vaccination with 1 x 10(9) c.f.u. caused abdominal pain and watery diarrhoea in four volunteers who all recovered spontaneously within 72 h. S. flexneri SFL1070 was not recovered from volunteers given 1 x 10(5) c.f.u., but was shed in faeces by six volunteers vaccinated with 1 x 10(7), by all nine vaccinated with 1 x 10(8), and by seven volunteers vaccinated with 1 x 10(9) c.f.u. The mean excretion time was 2.6 (range 0-4) days in the 1 x 10(8) and the 1 x 10(9) groups. Serum antibody responses against either S. flexneri 2a and Y lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) or Shigella invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) were seen in eight volunteers vaccinated with 1 x 10(9) (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05 for mean relative titres of IgA and IgG against S. flexneri 2a and Y LPSs), in four vaccinated with 1 x 10(8), and in two and one volunteers each vaccinated with 1 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(5) c.f.u. of S. flexneri SFL1070. Intestinal sIgA responses to the same antigens were elicited in all volunteers in the 1 x 10(9) and the 1 x 10(8) groups, and in six and one volunteers vaccinated with 1 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(5) c.f.u., respectively. The sIgA responses against S. flexneri 2a and Y LPSs were significant in all but the 1 x 10(5) group (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05). Significant antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses specific to S. flexneri 2a LPS were seen in peripheral blood from eight volunteers each in the 1 x 10(9) and 1 x 10(8) groups and from five volunteers vaccinated with 1 x 10(7) c.f.u. (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05). The number of volunteers showing anti-Shigella Ipa ASC responses in these groups were five (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05), three and one, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity study of the auxotrophic Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine SFL1070 with a deleted aroD gene in adult Swedish volunteers. 776 85

Plasma-borne factors prime leukocytes from both infected and uninfected rats for radical generation in response to N. brasiliensis. The concentration of these factors is increased following infection and reaches maximal levels on day 8 post-infection (p.i.) as demonstrated by the striking ability of plasma from infected rats to prime leukocytes from uninfected rats to produce free radicals in response to adult worms. The cytokines, gamma-interferon and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) can be detected in plasma during infection with a variety of organisms and several lines of immunological and pathophysiological evidence, including radical generation, weight loss, anaemia and diarrhoea, implicate generation of these proteins in response to infection with N. brasiliensis. We therefore investigated whether gamma-interferon and TNF were detectable in the plasma of rats infected with N. brasiliensis and whether the presence of these cytokines correlated with the ability of plasma to enhance radical generation in response to N. brasiliensis. However, gamma-interferon was not detected in the plasma of rats at any time after infection with N. brasiliensis and neutralizing monoclonal antibody to rat gamma-interferon had no effect on the ability of plasma to prime free radical generation. TNF was detected in the plasma of heavily-infected rats but only at very low levels (< 1 ng/ml), though copius in vivo synthesis of TNF could be induced by treatment of the infected rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, neither parasite-induced nor parasite plus LPS-induced plasma TNF correlated with the ability of plasma to enhance radical generation in response to N. brasiliensis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: ability of plasma to prime free radical generation by leukocytes in response to adult worms not due to gamma-interferon or tumour necrosis factor. 788 47

The haemolytic uraemic syndrome, first described in 1955 by Gasser, is the number one cause of acute renal failure in infants. There are three types of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome: the seasonal epidemic form with prodromic diarrhoea and generally favourable outcome which usually occurs in infants, a less typical form without signs of digestive tract involvement and no seasonal prevalence which occurs more readily in older children and sometimes in families has a less favourable prognosis, and finally drug- or disease-related forms. Currently, overall mortality due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome has been reduced to about 4%, usually as a result of damage to the central nervous system. Several microorganism, including Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rickittsiae and certain viruses (Coksackiae, Influenzae, Epstein-Barr) have been identified as causative agents. In 1983, digestive tract infection due to an Escherichia coli strain producing verotoxin was identified as capable of producing haemolytic uraemic syndrome and more rarely thrombopenic thrombotic purpura. The germ produces two exotoxins (whose effect is accentuated by the E. coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin) which lead to the glomerular microangiopathy causing haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Diagnosis is based on identification (monoclonal antibodies, ELISA, PCR) of the verotoxins themselves or the two encoding genes in stool samples. Symptomatic treatment is essential but the effectiveness of antibiotics is still debated. Theoretically, antibiotics could worsen the syndrome by increasing endotoxin release from lysed bacteria, but inversely they could also prevent the syndrome if given early enough. Further research is required to acquire precise epidemiological data and identify animal reservoirs of verotoxin producing E. coli.
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PMID:[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome after verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection]. 789 53


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