Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study presumptive diarrhoeagenic and invasive properties of Plesiomonas shigelloides, adult conditioned rabbits (n = 75) were fed 10(10) CFU of 3 isolates (2 from diarrhoea patients and one from river water) of the organism, and one isolate of Shigella sonnei (from a dysentery patient as positive control) or brain-heart infusion broth (as negative control). Each rabbit received in succession i.v. cimetidine (50 mg/kg body weight), two 15 ml oral doses of 5% NaHCO3 at 15 and 30 minutes respectively, prompt bacterial or sham inoculum followed 30 minutes by 2 ml of i.p. tincture of opium. Rabbits fed with P. shigelloides did not die or develop diarrhoea, but in a majority of them, histopathological examinations of the intestine revealed mild acute inflammation of the mucosa, mainly in the ileum. There was no serum antibody response by indirect haemagglutination against the lipopolysaccharide of the homologous strains of P. shigelloides. The culture filtrates of the organism also did not show any cytotoxic morphological changes on CHO and Y1 adrenal cell cultures. By contrast, rabbits fed with S. sonnei developed clinical diarrhoea, small to widespread severe acute inflammation of the gut mucosa, and all died on day 7. It may be concluded that P. shigelloides are able to provoke a mild inflammatory lesions of the gut mucosa in this rabbit model; but there is little prospect of using this model to assess easily the virulence of the organism.
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PMID:Enteropathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides by oral inoculation in adult conditioned rabbits. 327 Apr 56

We examined whether infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) producing the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) can prime the gut immune system to respond more efficiently to the immunologically related cholera B subunit component of a recently developed oral B subunit-whole-cell cholera vaccine (B-WCV). Nine Bangladeshi adults who had been hospitalized for watery diarrhea caused by LT-producing ETEC were given a single oral immunization with B-WCV on day 28 after hospital admission. The vaccine preparation used was adjusted to contain a lower-than-usual dose of B subunit, which had been found in previous studies to elicit a significant gut mucosal immunoglobulin A antitoxin response mainly in individuals with previous toxin-specific priming of their gut immune system. For comparison, nine patients convalescing from severe cholera disease and eight healthy subjects with no recent history of either cholera or ETEC infection were given the same oral vaccination with B-WCV. Vaccination in the ETEC convalescents induced an immunoglobulin A antitoxin response in intestinal lavage fluid which was comparable with that in the vaccinated cholera convalescents and superior to that in the vaccinated, previously uninfected controls. By contrast, only the cholera patients responded with anamnestic-type anti-cholera lipopolysaccharide antibody titer rises in the intestine after vaccination. These data support the specificity of the anamnestic anti-cholera toxin response in the ETEC patients after vaccination with cholera B-WCV.
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PMID:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in an endemic area prepares the intestine for an anamnestic immunoglobulin A antitoxin response to oral cholera B subunit vaccination. 327 84

An adult mouse (18-20 g) model was developed for studying the pathogenesis of Campylobacter isolates. Iron-loaded BALB/c mice given 10(8)-10(9) Campylobacter colony forming units by intraperitoneal injection developed a severe mucoid diarrhea within 4 h. Severe diarrhea, consisting of unformed stools containing blood, mucus, and fecal leukocytes, persisted for 24 h. Diarrheal symptoms in surviving mice resolved gradually; no diarrhea was observed 5 days after inoculation. Mice not pretreated with iron developed no diarrheal symptoms, and no severe diarrhea was produced in mice inoculated orally. A transient (less than 24 h) bacteremia occurred in mice inoculated either orally or intraperitoneally. Liver, spleen, and kidney were positive for Campylobacter for 48 h; intestinal contents were positive for 5-7 days. Mice given greater than or equal to 10(10) colony forming units showed symptoms of endotoxemia (ruffled fur, inactivity, shaking, tearing, and hypothermia) and died without diarrheal symptoms. Mice given nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain HB101, heat-killed C. jejuni cells (greater than 10(10)), C. jejuni lipopolysaccharide extract, or purified lipopolysaccharide from either Vibrio cholerae 569B or Salmonella typhimurium showed no diarrheal symptoms.
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PMID:Campylobacter diarrhea in an adult mouse model. 350 19

We studied whether immunity evoked by infection with classical or El Tor V. cholerae 01 organisms in rabbits (the RITARD model) also gives protection against cholera caused by V. cholerae of heterologous biotype as well as serotype, and whether such protection is antibacterial and/or antitoxic. A primary infection with a classical Ogawa or El Tor Inaba strain resulted in intestinal colonization and diarrheal disease in a dose-related manner though the El Tor strain was more virulent. As few as 10(3) El Tor organisms gave disease in more than 90% of the rabbits as compared to 10(9) classical organisms (ED90); the El Tor strain also gave rise to diarrhea with earlier onset and of greater severity and longer duration. The primary infection induced strong protective immunity against later challenge with either the homologous or the heterologous strain in doses that corresponded to 1,000 x ED90. Protection was associated with marked inhibition of colonization, and when rabbits convalescing from cholera infection were challenged with graded doses of bacteria or purified toxin in ligated intestinal loops significant antibacterial as well as antitoxic immunity was evident. Titer rises in serum vibriocidal and anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies were similar after infection with either strain, whilst antitoxin titer rises were more marked after El Tor infection. During infection V. cholerae 01 organisms seem to express protective antigens that stimulate immunity which extends across both biotype and serotype barriers.
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PMID:Strong biotype and serotype cross-protective antibacterial and antitoxic immunity in rabbits after cholera infection. 350 92

Fifteen patients hospitalized with acute, watery diarrhea and with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) detected from stool samples were studied to evaluate the extent to which natural ETEC diarrhea induces local and systemic antibody responses to E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT), homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and colonization factors (CFA/I and CFA/II). Specific IgA and IgG antibodies to LT, CFA I and II, and each patient's homologous LPS were determined by ELISA in serum, saliva, breastmilk, and intestinal lavage fluid. The majority of patients had greater than a twofold rise in local levels of IgA antibodies in the intestine: 80% of LT+ patients responded to LT, 63% of CFA+ patients responded to CFA, and 78% of all toxin-positive patients responded to the LPS of their infecting strain. Local antibody responses in the intestine were associated with responses in breastmilk and saliva, but relationships were not clear-cut, and the usefulness of these secretions as proxy measures of local intestinal antibody production remains unclear. Antibody responses in serum also occurred in most patients and were significantly more frequent in cases than in controls. This study demonstrates that natural ETEC disease results in local IgA responses to LT, CFA, and LPS in the gut and also in immune responses in breastmilk, saliva, and serum.
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PMID:Local and systemic antibody responses to naturally acquired enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in an endemic area. 351 29

Intestinal immune responses to Escherichia coli antigens were studied in conventionally reared piglets orally infected on the first day of life with a virulent enterotoxigenic E. coli (O149: K88). During the first week of life intestinal antibodies were produced against the homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as against the K88 antigen and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). On Day 7, anti-LPS antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in most piglets, whereas anti-K88 antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes predominated; antibodies against the enterotoxin were usually of the IgG class. In 21-day-old piglets antibodies of all immunoglobulin classes had usually been produced. In most cases, the levels of intestinal antibodies were substantially higher on Day 21 compared to Day 7, but the levels varied considerably both between and within litters. The intestinal immune responses did not correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms. One-, 7- and 21-day-old piglets reared in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herd lacked significant intestinal antibodies to the antigens examined. The oral challenge did not stimulate systemic immune responses. After colostral intake, all piglets had high antibody levels in the circulation. These levels decreased continuously during the 3-week study period. The possibility that high amounts of antibodies in colostrum could interfere with this early intestinal antibody formation should be considered when planning vaccination programmes against E. coli diarrhoea in piglets.
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PMID:Development of intestinal antibodies against Escherichia coli antigens in piglets with experimental neonatal E. coli diarrhoea. 352 5

In rural Bangladesh, family contacts of patients with cholera were studied prospectively to examine whether protection against colonization and disease due to Vibrio cholerae O1 was associated with circulating antibodies to V. cholerae. Family contacts (1,071) of 370 patients with cholera were visited daily for 10 days, cultured for V. cholerae, and queried about diarrhea. Sera collected on days 1 and 21 were assayed for vibriocidal antibodies, IgG and IgA antibodies to cholera toxin, and IgG antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Vibriocidal titers of greater than or equal to 20 present in 50% of contacts by 20 years of age were associated with protection against both colonization and disease. An elevated level of IgG antitoxin was not associated with protection against colonization or disease but was the most sensitive indicator of recent symptomatic cholera and of immune response to the oral immunogen B subunit. IgG antibody to LPS and IgA antitoxin were of little value in predicting colonization or disease.
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PMID:Seroepidemiological studies of El Tor cholera in Bangladesh: association of serum antibody levels with protection. 396 50

The immune response of 114 volunteers with diarrhea after experimental challenge with four strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 was characterized in a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody detection system by using a partially purified outer membrane preparation (OMP) from these strains as an antigen. Analysis of paired sera from 29 persons with noncholera diarrhea (negative control population), demonstrated that a rise in net optical density greater than 0.10 was significant. A total of 50% of the 79 cholera volunteers challenged with El Tor biotype and 54% of the 35 volunteers challenged with classical biotype had significant rises in immunoglobulin G anti-OMP. Paired sera that showed significant rises when tested against homologous OMP all manifested significant rises when also tested against a serotype-heterologous OMP. Immunoblotting techniques showed that the antigens to which antibodies were reacting were mainly protein in nature, not lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, absorption with lipopolysaccharide decreased the optical density by a mean of only 12% (0 to 30%), corroborating that antibody was mainly directed against OMP and not lipopolysaccharide. This study indicates that there is a human immunoglobulin G response to OMP during clinical cholera infection and that this response is constant among bio- and serotypes.
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PMID:Evaluation of the human immune response to outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae. 671 44

We performed a prospective study to examine whether the IgA antibodies against cholera that are present in breast milk protect breast-fed infants and children against colonization with Vibrio cholerae 01 and disease. Among families of patients with cholera, we collected breast milk from mothers who had not had diarrhea in the previous week and monitored them and their breast-fed children for cholera colonization and diarrhea for 10 days. Breast milk was assayed for IgA antibodies to cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide. Ninety-three mother--child pairs were studied; 30 infants became colonized with V. cholerae 01 and disease developed in 19. There were no differences between the antibody levels in milk fed to children who became colonized and in milk fed to children who did not. However, among the children who became colonized, those who had diarrhea drank breast milk containing significantly lower levels of both kinds of cholera antibodies than were present in the milk consumed by children who had no symptoms. We conclude that breast-milk antibodies against cholera do not appear to protect children from colonization with V. cholerae 01 but do protect against disease in those who are colonized.
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PMID:Protection against cholera in breast-fed children by antibodies in breast milk. 684 32

The paper deals with the phospholipid composition in the mucosa tissue of different areas of gastrointestinal tract and in membranes of the villous margin of small intestine enterocytes under conditions of experimental salmonellosis infection. A decreased relative content of cardiolipin is observed in all periods of the infection process in the stomach mucosal tissue and in the period of the disease height and convalescence--in the sigmoid colon. Phosphatidyl choline appears in the tissue of duodenum and jejunum during the height of the infection process. An increase in a relative content of lysophosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine and a decrease in that of phosphatidyl ethanolamine are revealed in membranes of enterocyte villous margin when modelling the diarrhea process by the intraperitoneal administration of the lipopolysaccharide complex of salmonellas. The found changes in the composition of phospholipids in the mucous membrane tissue and membranes of the enterocytes villous margin are supposed to reflect alterations in the functional state of the intestine barrier and play a definite role in development of the diarrhea syndrome.
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PMID:[Phospholipid composition of mucous membrane tissue in the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits in simulated Salmonella infections]. 713 96


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