Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The liver is generally considered negative for the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR(n)), even though several studies have shown significant effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) on liver cell physiology. The low abundance of VDR(n) in the liver led us to propose that hepatocytes (the largest hepatic cell population) were most likely negative for the receptor, whereas the small hepatic sinusoidal and ductular cell populations that contain cell types known to express VDR(n) in other tissues should express the receptor. Using freshly isolated cells from normal livers as well as biliary and epithelial hepatic cell lines, our data show that the human, rat, and mouse hepatocytes express very low VDR(n) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. In contrast, sinusoidal endothelial, Kupffer, and stellate cells of normal rat livers as well as the mouse biliary cell line BDC and rat hepatic neonatal epithelial SD6 cells clearly expressed both VDR(n) mRNA and protein. In addition, specimens of human hepatocarcinoma as well as intrahepatic colon adenocarcinoma metastases were also found to express the VDR(n) gene transcript. Kupffer, stellate, and endothelial cells responded to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) by a significant increase in the CYP24, indicating that the VDR(n) is fully functional in these cells. In conclusion, selective hepatic cell populations are targets for the vitamin D endocrine/paracrine/intracrine system.
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PMID:The normal liver harbors the vitamin D nuclear receptor in nonparenchymal and biliary epithelial cells. 1271 84

Metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5) of composition Zn4O(BDC)3 (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with a cubic three-dimensional extended porous structure adsorbed hydrogen up to 4.5 weight percent (17.2 hydrogen molecules per formula unit) at 78 kelvin and 1.0 weight percent at room temperature and pressure of 20 bar. Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy of the rotational transitions of the adsorbed hydrogen molecules indicates the presence of two well-defined binding sites (termed I and II), which we associate with hydrogen binding to zinc and the BDC linker, respectively. Preliminary studies on topologically similar isoreticular metal-organic framework-6 and -8 (IRMOF-6 and -8) having cyclobutylbenzene and naphthalene linkers, respectively, gave approximately double and quadruple (2.0 weight percent) the uptake found for MOF-5 at room temperature and 10 bar.
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PMID:Hydrogen storage in microporous metal-organic frameworks. 1275 May 8

Several general population studies and those carried out in diabetic patients with complications have pointed to serum sialic acid as a marker of inflammation in atherosclerosis. In this study we examined whether total sialic acid (TSA) was changed in the sera of 28 newly diagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes (type 2 DM), 47 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 72 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The associations between sialic acid and other atherosclerotic risk factors such as lipid profile, baseline diene conjugates in low-density lipoproteins (LDL-BDC) and fasting insulin were also investigated. We found a trend to TSA increase in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and a significant increase in TSA in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 DM (2.2+/-0.3 vs. 1.9+/-0.3 mmol/l; p<0.03) when compared to subjects with NGT. Lipid profile and LDL-BDC, as a marker of circulating oxidized LDL, did not differ among glucose tolerance categories. Significant associations between total sialic acid and 2-h post-load glucose level, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity, HDL-cholesterol and log of triglycerides were found in the examined subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed significant correlations between serum sialic acid and 2-h post-load glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. This study indicates that measurement of TSA as a marker of subclinical inflammation may be valuable as an independent parameter in identifying subjects at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and those who might benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment.
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PMID:Serum sialic acid in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. 1286 8

A unique noninterpenetrated 2D bilayer cobalt(II)-organic framework, [[Co(dpe)(NO(2)-BDC)].0.5(dpe)](n).nH(2)O (1), possessing nanoscale rectangular channels that clathrate large organic molecules, has been hydrothermally synthesized by reaction of cobalt(II) salt with 5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (NO(2)-H(2)BDC) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpe).
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PMID:A novel bilayer cobalt(II)-organic framework with nanoscale channels accommodating large organic molecules. 1287 Sep 28

Six new coordination polymers, [Eu(1,2-BDC)(1,2-HBDC)(phen)(H(2)O)](n) (1), [Eu(2)(1,3-BDC)(3)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n).4nH(2)O (2), [Eu(1,4-BDC)(3/2)(phen)(H(2)O)](n) (3), [Yb(2)(1,2-BDC)(3)(phen)(H(2)O)(2)](n).3.5nH(2)O (4), [Yb(2)(1,3-BDC)(3)(phen)(1/2)](n) (5), and [Yb(2)(1,4-BDC)(3)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)](n) (6), were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide chlorides with three isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid (H(2)BDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 has a 2-D herringbone architecture with a Z-shaped cavity. 2 and 5 have different 3-D networks, but both are formed by 1,3-BDC anions bridging metal centers (Eu or Yb) via carboxylate groups. 3 and 6 possess similar layer structures which are further constructed to form 3-D networks by hydrogen bonds and/or pi-pi aromatic interactions. 4 comprises 1-D chains that are further interlinked via hydrogen bonds, resulting in a 3-D network. In the three europium complexes, all the europium ions are eight-coordinated, while the coordination numbers of the ytterbium ions in other three-coordination polymers range from six to eight. Crystal data: for 1, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 12.565(6) A, b = 16.005(8) A, c = 12.891(6) A, beta = 102.173(8) degrees, and Z = 4; for 2, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 20.979(4) A, b = 11.5989(19) A, c = 20.810(3) A, beta = 110.391(3) degrees, and Z = 4; for 3, triclinic, space group P1, with a = 10.331(5) A, b = 10.887(5) A, c = 11.404(5) A, alpha = 107.660(7) degrees, beta = 91.787(7) degrees, gamma = 112.946(6) degrees, and Z = 2; for 4, triclinic, space group P1, with a = 11.517(5) A, b = 13.339(5) A, c = 13.595(6) A, alpha = 87.888(7) degrees, beta = 67.759(6) degrees, gamma = 68.070(6) degrees, and Z = 2; for 5, orthorhombic, space group C222(1), with a = 8.174(2) A, b = 24.497(7) A, c = 29.161(8) A, and Z = 8; for 6, triclinic, space group P1, with a = 10.349(3) A, b = 11.052(3) A, c = 19.431(6) A, alpha = 105.464(4) degrees, beta = 91.300(5) degrees, gamma = 93.655(5) degrees, and Z = 2. The magnetic properties of 1 and 4 were investigated. The photophysical properties of 1 were also studied.
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PMID:High-dimensional architectures from the self-assembly of lanthanide ions with benzenedicarboxylates and 1,10-phenanthroline. 1289 24

To detect and characterize autoreactive T cells in diabetes-prone NOD mice, we have developed a multimeric MHC reagent with high affinity for the BDC-2.5 T cell receptor, which is reactive against a pancreatic autoantigen. A distinct population of T cells is detected in NOD mice that recognizes the same MHC/peptide target. These T cells are positively selected in the thymus at a surprisingly high frequency and exported to the periphery. They are activated specifically in the pancreatic LNs, demonstrating an autoimmune specificity that recapitulates that of the BDC-2.5 cell. These phenomena are also observed in mouse lines that share with NOD the H-2g7 MHC haplotype but carry diabetes-resistance background genes. Thus, a susceptible haplotype at the MHC seems to be the only element required for the selection and emergence of autoreactive T cells, without requiring other diabetogenic loci from the NOD genome.
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PMID:Susceptible MHC alleles, not background genes, select an autoimmune T cell reactivity. 1297 66

The MHC determines susceptibility and resistance to type 1 diabetes in humans and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. To investigate how a disease-associated MHC molecule shapes the T cell repertoire in NOD mice, we generated a series of tetramers from I-A(g7)/class II-associated invariant chain peptide precursors by peptide exchange. No CD4 T cell populations could be identified for two glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 peptides, but tetramers with a peptide mimetic recognized by the BDC-2.5 and other islet-specific T cell clones labeled a distinct population in the thymus of young NOD mice. Tetramer-positive cells were identified in the immature CD4(+)CD8(low) population that arises during positive selection, and in larger numbers in the more mature CD4(+)CD8(-) population. Tetramer labeling was specific based on the use of multiple control tetramers, including one with a single amino acid analog peptide in which a critical TCR contact residue was substituted. The T cell population was already present in the thymus of 2-wk-old NOD mice before the typical onset of insulitis and was detected in B10 mice congenic for the NOD MHC locus, but not B10 control mice. These results demonstrate that a T cell population can expand in the thymus of NOD mice to levels that are at least two to three orders of magnitude higher than estimated for a given specificity in the naive T cell pool. Based on these data, we propose a model in which I-A(g7) confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes by biasing positive selection in the thymus and later presenting peptides from islet autoantigens to such T cells in the periphery.
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PMID:Ex vivo analysis of thymic CD4 T cells in nonobese diabetic mice with tetramers generated from I-A(g7)/class II-associated invariant chain peptide precursors. 1453 Mar 40

Photodynamic therapy of bile duct cancer using hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and laser light of 630 nm wavelength is confined to a tumouricidal tissue penetration of 4 mm, which might be doubled with laser light between 700 and 800 nm. Therefore, we investigated the photosensitising properties of a novel bacteriochlorine, tetrakis-pyridyl-tetrahydroporphyrin tosylat (THP) with high absorption at 763 nm. Two biliary cancer cell lines (BDC, GBC) were incubated with HPD or THP to assess cellular uptake kinetics, dark cytotoxicity, and photodynamic cytotoxicity (laser light exposure 1-20 J/cm2). Tumours grown from BDC cells in subcutaneous tissue of severe combined immunodeficient mice were treated with laser light of 30 J/cm2 after injection of THP. The concentrations that killed 50% of cells in the dark were 680 microg/ml of HPD, but > 6400 microg/ml of THP in BDC cells, and 220 microg/ml of HPD, but 6400 microg/ml of THP in GBC cells. Both cell lines exhibited uptake and retention of THP and photodynamic cytotoxicity (up to 86% cells killed). THP induced tumour-selective phototoxicity in the cholangiocarcinoma model. The novel bacteriochlorine THP exhibits photosensitiser properties in biliary tract cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and could achieve deep tumouricidal tissue penetration due to photoactivation at 763 nm.
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PMID:Novel bacteriochlorine for high tissue-penetration: photodynamic properties in human biliary tract cancer cells in vitro and in a mouse tumour model. 1470 33

The first metal carboxylatophosphate, NTHU-2, contains inorganic ZnHPO4 layers linked by BDC units (BDC = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate or terephthalic anion); the three-dimensional anionic framework has large pores with the smallest diameter being 1.36 nm; N2 sorption isotherms reveal both micro- and mesoporosity; the new material is photoluminescent and disassembles in water wherein the discharged organic fragments form mixed crystals.
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PMID:A zeolitic organo-metallophosphate hybrid material with bimodal porosity. 1475 72

The wide diversity of the T and B Ag receptor repertoires becomes even more extensive postneonatally due to the activity of TdT, which adds nontemplated N nucleotides to Ig and TCR coding ends during V(D)J recombination. In addition, complementarity-determining region 3 sequences formed in the absence of TdT are more uniform due to the use of short sequence homologies between the V, D, and J genes. Thus, the action of TdT produces an adult repertoire that is both different from, and much larger than, the repertoire of the neonate. We have generated TdT-deficient nonobese diabetic (NOD) and MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, and observed a decrease in the incidence of autoimmune disease, including absence of diabetes and decreased pancreatic infiltration in NOD TdT(-/-) mice, and reduced glomerulonephritis and increased life span in MRL-Fas(lpr) TdT(-/-) mice. Using tetramer staining, TdT(-/-) and TdT(+/+) NOD mice showed similar frequencies of the diabetogenic BDC 2.5 CD4(+) T cells. We found no increase in CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in NOD TdT(-/-) mice. Thus, TdT deficiency ameliorates the severity of disease in both lupus and diabetes, two very disparate autoimmune diseases that affect different organs, with damage conducted by different effector cell types. The neonatal repertoire appears to be deficient in autoreactive T and/or B cells with high enough affinities to induce end-stage disease. We suggest that the paucity of autoreactive specificities created in the N region-lacking repertoire, and the resultant protection afforded to the newborn, may be the reason that TdT expression is delayed in ontogeny.
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PMID:Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice and lupus-prone MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. 1503 81


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