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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), fimbrial hemagglutinin (FHA), K-agglutinogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pertussigen from Bordetella pertussis on the production of IgE and IgG1 antibodies to hen egg albumin (Ea) was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The IgE antibody contents were determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in the skin of Lewis rats, while the IgG1 antibody contents were determined by PCA reactions on the skin of mice using sera that had been heated for 3 hr at 56 C to destroy the IgE antibodies. Among the B. pertussis components tested, pertussigen was the most effective adjuvant for increasing the IgE and IgG1 antibodies to Ea. LPS also moderately increased both types of antibodies, and FHA slightly increased the IgG1 titers. When LPS was given 5 days before Ea, it suppressed both IgE and IgG1 titers while FHA had only slight adjuvant action on both type of antibodies. When each of the components was tested for its ability to modify the adjuvant action of pertussigen, it was found that only DNT interfered significantly with the adjuvanticity of pertussigen when given on the day of immunization with Ea. When the components were given 5 days before Ea, DNT produced significant suppression of only the IgG1 response. LPS, FHA, and K-agglutinogen did not significantly affect the adjuvant action of pertussigen.
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PMID:Effects of Bordetella pertussis components on IgE and IgG1 responses. 632 10

A bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from a rough strain of Salmonella minnesota ( Re595 ) containing primarily lipid A was used to study tissue distribution following its intravenous injection in rabbits. For this purpose, the Re595 was either labelled with 125iodine (125I) and localization quantitated by gamma radiation spectrometry and radioautography of different tissues or a fluorescein labelled antibody to Re595 was employed. Localization of [125I]- Re595 or LPS was looked for at 30 min and 2 hr after intravenous injection. [131I]-albumin was employed either to measure intravascular protein or total tissue protein and, in some studies, [131I]-albumin and [125I]-fibrinogen were used to measure protein after unlabelled Re595 . Both fractions of isotopes injected and estimates of tissue-bound Re595 were made in the whole eye, liver, spleen, kidney and lung and in isolated iris-ciliary processes, aqueous, lens, vitreous, and posterior segment (retina, choroid, and sclera). Aqueous and iris-ciliary processes, but no other tissues, showed a marked extravazation of [131I]-albumin and [125I]-fibrinogen. [125I]- Re595 was found to localize primarily in liver and spleen. At 30 min, [125I]- Re595 was found in nanogram quantities within the eye and at 2 h greater amounts of LPS were found in iris-ciliary processes and aqueous than in the posterior segment. Neither radioautography nor fluorescein-labelled antibody to Re595 showed evidence of histologic localization of LPS in the iris-ciliary processes. These results indicate that although LPS does not localize preferentially in the eye, it does accumulate in quantities sufficient to have an effect locally.
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PMID:Ocular localization of circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 637 34

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) is known to alter systemic vascular permeability, but this effect is difficult to monitor and quantitate in vivo. The ocular vessels of the rabbit are particularly sensitive to LPS. Using a slit lamp equipped with a fluorophotometer, we have adapted a method to quantitate endotoxin-induced ocular vascular permeability by measuring the accumulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin into the anterior chamber of the eye. After intravenous administration of Salmonella typhimurim LPS, the anterior chamber fluorescence and blood fluorescence were measured at intervals of 15 min and 1 h, respectively, over 4 h. In controls, maximal fluorescence in the anterior chamber was 3.1 +/- 0.8% of blood fluorescence. Doses of LPS as low as 0.25 mug/kg produced an ocular/serum fluorescence ratio of 17.6 +/- 4.9. A dose of 2.5 mug of LPS per kg tended to produce a higher ratio (68.0 +/- 7.1) than a larger dose of 50 mug/kg (30.5 +/- 16.6). Permeability changes began within 30 min after LPS, and the rate of dye accumulation varied over time, with maximal leakage usually occurring 90 min after LPS, but occasionally occurring much later. Repeated doses produced tolerance. By conjugating albumin to rhodamine and utilizing a second filter with the slit lamp to measure accumulation of this dye, we demonstrated the persistence of marked permeability during a period when intraocular fluorescein isothiocyanate and albumin levels were relatively constant. This methodology indicates that extremely low doses of LPS induce ocular permeability changes and that neither the time course nor the dose response of this effect is linear. Ocular fluorophotometry is a sensitive, noninvasive technique to study the dynamics and pharmacology of LPS-induced permeability changes.
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PMID:Ocular albumin fluorophotometric quantitation of endotoxin-induced vascular permeability. 680 94

A single systemic injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) reproducibly induces a cellular infiltrate in the uveal tract of the rat eye within 24 hr. Other organs are not comparably sensitive to systemic endotoxin. One hypothesis to explain this unique sensitivity is that endotoxin is preferentially bound by ocular tissue. We tested this hypothesis by studying the distribution in the rat of intravenously injected endotoxin that had been radiolabeled with Tc-99m or P-32. With either radionuclide the concentration of endotoxin per gram of tissue at a variety of times after injection ranging from 5 min to 3 hr and 45 min, was markedly less in the eye than in liver, kidney, or spleen. A study with radiolabeled albumin indicated that these differences could not be ascribed solely to the organ's blood volume. They demonstrate, therefore, that the eye does not preferentially bind endotoxin, and they are compatible with the hypothesis that endotoxin's ocular effects are indirectly mediated.
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PMID:Distribution of radiolabeled endotoxin with particular reference to the eye: concise communication. 684

C3H/HeJ lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-unresponsive and closely related C3H/HeSn LPS-responsive mice were rendered tolerant to hen albumin by antigen feeding before parenteral immunization. Both single and multiple feedings of antigen were effective in inducing tolerance to hen albumin in LPS-responsive and -unresponsive strains of mice. Our data demonstrate that ability to respond to LPS is not a prerequisite for induction of oral tolerance to a soluble protein antigen.
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PMID:Induction of oral tolerance in mice unresponsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 688 67

Incorporation of [3H]leucine into haptoglobin and albumin by isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions was studied to assess the role of potential mediators of the acute-phase reaction in promoting haptoglobin synthesis. In vitro, in the presence of insulin, the addition of a hormone mixture containing hydrocortisone, glucagon, somatotropin, and triiodothyronine resulted in a 70% increase in leucine incorporation into haptoglobin relative to albumin at 48 h incubation. A variety of agents, selected because they are considered to play some part in the acute-phase reaction, were added to the medium, and similar measurements of leucine incorporation were made. The specific binding to hepatocytes by asialo- and asialo, agalacto-derivatives of haptoglobin or orosomucoid did not affect synthesis of haptoglobin or albumin. Epinephrine, prostaglandins E1 and E2, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and sera containing active complement components also failed to stimulate relative haptoglobin synthesis. A partially purified preparation of human leukocytic pyrogen, however, caused a 70% increase in leucine incorporation into haptoglobin relative to albumin in the present of the hormone mixture, suggesting that this substance may affect acute-phase protein synthesis.
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PMID:Haptoglobin and albumin synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Response to potential mediators of the acute-phase reaction. 701 8

A severe keratitis can be produced after the direct injection of bacterial endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in rabbits. Corneal inflammation can progress to scarring and vascularization within a 2 to 3 week period. Pretreatment with systemic adrenal corticosteroids (triamcinolone) prevents this response. Limbal cellular and vascular events were studied during the first 20 hr after injection of LPS in treated and nontreated rabbits. Perivascular limbal inflammatory cells were counted and limbal vascular permeability was assessed by extravasation of 131I-albumin and 125I-fibrinogen in the cornea. Corticosteroids decreased but did not prevent the early protein extravasation and profoundly altered the inflammatory cell population around blood vessels at the limbus. Mononuclear cells, particularly mononuclear phagocytes, were sharply reduced. It is proposed that these cell types play an important role in the perpetuation and amplification of the inflammatory response in this reaction.
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PMID:Mononuclear cells in the corneal response to endotoxin. 703 77

Lymphocyte blastogenesis of guinea-pig spleen cells induced by various doses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (conA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assayed in the absence or in the presence of normal guinea-pig serum, foetal calf serum or heterologous albumin or gamma-globulins. Opposite effects of diluted and of concentrated sera were observed on blastogenesis induced either by PHA or by ConA: high concentrations inhibited blastogenesis whereas low concentrations enhanced mitogenesis. Homologous serum inhibited LPS-induced blastogenesis whatever the concentration used. These results could be explained by the interaction of serum with the membrane of lymphocytes stimulated by ConA, PHA or LPS. Furthermore sera could interfere with ConA. The implications of these experiments are discussed.
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PMID:Regulation of lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide by normal serum. 709 76

There is a need for pharmacological agents for the treatment of pulmonary edema associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, we examined the effects of isozyme-selective cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP PDE) inhibitors, as well as aminophylline and dexamethasone, on the pulmonary edema, protein leakage into the airways and airway neutrophilia induced by aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in intact guinea pigs. Twenty-four hours after LPS exposure lung wet/dry weight ratios increased from 4.9 +/- 0.004 to 5.8 +/- 0.02. Rolipram (PDE4 selective), CI-930 (PDE3 selective), aminophylline and dexamethasone (given p.o. 1 hr before and 4 hr after LPS exposure) inhibited pulmonary edema formation with ED50 values of 1.7, 0.5, 31 and 2.8 mg/kg, respectively. Maximum inhibition occurred with rolipram at 10 mg/kg (70 +/- 17%), CI-930 at 10 mg/kg (101 +/- 4%), aminophylline at 50 mg/kg (88 +/- 14%) and dexamethasone at 3 mg/kg (64 +/- 6%). Denbufylline and milrinone also inhibited pulmonary edema formation at 10 mg/kg i.p., supporting the inhibition of PDE4 and PDE3 as the mechanisms of action of rolipram and CI-930, respectively. Rolipram, CI-930, aminophylline and dexamethasone (at maximum doses for inhibiting pulmonary edema) inhibited the 3-fold increase in bronchoalveolar lavage albumin concentration 24 hr after LPS exposure (42 +/- 14%, 98 +/- 2%, 70 +/- 9% and 53 +/- 13%, respectively). However, none of these compounds (at maximum doses for inhibiting pulmonary edema) inhibited the corresponding 400-fold increase in lavage neutrophil counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary edema by isozyme-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors in guinea pigs. 747 57

Two indirect ELISA containing outer membrane protein (OMP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens from a field isolate of Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf were developed and evaluated in experimentally infected and uninfected control pigs. Experimentally induced infection with S choleraesuis was successfully established in 10 pigs by oral inoculation with 10(8) organisms, and 3 pigs died of clinical salmonellosis at postinoculation (PI) weeks 1, 2, and 4. Swab specimens from tonsils, nostrils, and rectum of pigs were obtained for culture, and sera were evaluated at weekly intervals for 9 weeks after inoculation. The ELISA containing OMP and LPS antigens with either anti-swine IgG or protein albumin-to-globulin ratio (antiglobulin) conjugates were standardized for serologic evaluation. All 4 ELISA (2 OMP and 2 LPS) detected seroconversion by PI week 3 and had sensitivities and specificities of 97.8 and 88.8, 100 and 100, 95.6 and 88.8, and 93.3 and 72.5%, at their ideal cutoff points (negative mean optical density +2 SD). There was excellent agreement between all 4 ELISA systems as determined by kappa values. Cultures of fecal, tonsil, and nasal swab specimens were positive for S choleraesuis until the fourth week of infection. Fecal swab specimens from 1 pig were positive for S choleraesuis until PI week 7. Persistent infection after antemortem culture results were negative was detected by all 4 ELISA, which indicated consistently high titers until the end of PI week 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serologic studies of experimentally induced Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf infection in pigs. 748 93


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