Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on high sequence homology, there are six members in the caspase-1 subfamily: caspases 1, 4, 5, and 13 in humans and caspases 1, 11, and 12 in mice. Only caspase-1 is known to activate interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18, and caspase-11 activates pro-caspase-1 in vivo. Almost nothing is known about caspases 4, 5, and 13. Here we report a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction system to analyze closely related genes. We employed this system to analyze the gene expression and regulation of human caspases 1, 4, 5, and 13, demonstrating that they have different expression patterns in normal tissues and cell lines. Interferon-gamma strongly induced CASP1 and CASP5 but not CASP4 or CASP13 gene expression in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. In contrast to the mRNA, interferon-gamma up-regulated caspase-1 but not caspase-5 protein. In the monocytic cell line THP-1, CASP1 mRNA and caspase-1 protein are expressed constitutively, and their levels were not increased by lipopolysaccharide, whereas both CASP5 mRNA and caspase-5 protein were induced by lipopolysaccharide. Caspase-1 subfamily members displayed different in vitro activities toward pro-caspases 1 and 3 and pro-interleukin-1beta. Our results demonstrate that caspase-1 and caspase-5 levels are modulated by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, and suggest that caspase-1 subfamily members are differentially regulated and may have distinct functions.
 ...
PMID:Expression analysis of the human caspase-1 subfamily reveals specific regulation of the CASP5 gene by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. 1098 88

We investigated the inhibitory effect of the sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX) analog, GSC-150, on hepatic metastasis of the human colon carcinoma derived cell line, KM12-HX, which highly expresses sLeX antigen on the cell surface. The number of cancer nodules found in BALB/c nude mouse liver 6 weeks after intrasplenic injection of KM12-HX cells was significantly reduced by co-administration of GSC-150. The amount of [3H]thymidine-labeled KM12-HX cells distributed in liver was also significantly reduced by GSC-150 co-administration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice at 48 h after administration of the tumor cells, while GSC-150 did not reduce the amount of HX cells distributed at 30 min. Considering our previous report that the initial phase of the distribution of KM12-HX cells in liver is governed by their being trapped in the hepatic microvessels because of their large size (Mizuno et al., J. Hepatol., 28, 865-877, 1998), these results suggest that GSC-150 does not inhibit this first-pass trapping by microvessels, but inhibits the subsequent process which is more directly related to final metastasis. GSC-150 inhibited the adhesion of KM12-HX cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These findings imply that the anti-metastatic effect of GSC-150 in vivo could be explained by its inhibition of cell-cell interactions between cancer and host cells.
 ...
PMID:Anti-metastatic effect of the sialyl Lewis-X analog GSC-150 on the human colon carcinoma derived cell line KM12-HX in the mouse. 1125 94

Several glycoforms of CD43 are known to regulate cellular interactions in the immune system. One such glycoform, the CD43 that bears core 2 O-glycans, is also known to be expressed on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, but only after their activation. Previous studies have also shown that when Caco-2 cells, which are derived from human colon carcinoma, differentiate into enterocytes, they also express core 2 O-glycans, though proteins bearing this glycan are unknown. To examine whether CD43 glycosylation is altered during enterocytic differentiation of Caco-2 cells, we conducted immunocytochemical studies with a monoclonal antibody, 1D4, that recognizes a glycoform of CD43 bearing core 2 O-glycans. We found that 1D4 could bind to intracellular granules but not the cell surface of differentiated Caco-2 cells, whereas hematopoietic cells expressed 1D4 epitope on the cell surface as previously shown. The reactivity with this antibody increased as the degree of cell differentiation progressed as shown by the activity of the apical enzyme marker, dipeptidyl peptidase IV. 1D4-reactive CD43 was also found in the culture medium of differentiated Caco-2 cells, suggesting this molecule may be stored and secreted. The production and secretion of this CD43 glycoform by enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells was enhanced, and most 1D4 epitope converted to a soluble form when bacterial lipopolysaccharide was present. These observations strongly support the possibility that core 2 O-glycans on mucins such as CD43 are important to primary defense on the intestinal epithelium against infection.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal epithelial cells express and secrete the CD43 glycoform that contains core 2 O-glycans. 1148 20

Four carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)s, i.e. CEA, CEACAM1, CEACAM6 and CEACAM7, are localized to the apical glycocalyx of normal colonic epithelium and have been suggested to play a role in innate immunity. The expression of these molecules in colon carcinoma cells was studied at the mRNA and protein levels after treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta, live bacteria or lipopolysaccharide. The colon carcinoma cell lines LS174T and HT-29 were studied in detail using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoflow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy. IFN-gamma, but not the other agents, modified expression of CEA, CEACAM1 and CEACAM6. None of the agents upregulated CEACAM7 expression. Two expression patterns were seen. HT-29 cells, which initially showed low quantities of mRNAs and proteins, displayed marked upregulation of both mRNAs and proteins. LS174T cells transcribed stable high levels of mRNA before and after treatment. Additionally, IFN-gamma induced increased cell surface expression of CEA, CEACAM1 and CECAM6. IFN-gamma has two important effects on the expression levels of the CEA family molecules in colon epithelial cells: direct upregulation of CEACAM1 and promotion of cell differentiation resulting in increased expression of CEA and CEACAM6 and decreased expression of CEACAM7.
 ...
PMID:Interferon-gamma tempers the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen family molecules in human colon cells: a possible role in innate mucosal defence. 1463 19

Bacteriophages in eukaryotic hosts may behave as particulate antigens able to activate the innate immune system and generate adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initiation of the immune response, mainly by priming T cell-mediated immunity. For this reason, they are increasingly applied as an adjuvant for effective anti-tumor therapies in animal models as well as in a few clinical trials. The presented study focused on the application of mouse DCs which were activated with T4 bacteriophages (T4 phages, T4) and further loaded with tumor antigens (TAg) in inducing an anti-tumor response. The activation of bone marrow-derived DCs with T4 phages and TAg resulted in augmentation of their differentiation marker expression accompanied by an enhanced ability to prime T cells for IFN-gamma production. These activated DCs (BM-DC/T4+TAg) were used in experimental immunotherapy of C57BL/6 mice bearing advanced MC38 colon carcinoma tumors. As a result of their triple application, a significant tumor growth delay, up to 19 days, was observed compared with the controls - treated with BM-DCs activated only with T4 phages, TAg, or lipopolysaccharide solution ["solvent"], where the tumor growth delay did not exceed 7 days. The percentage of tumor growth inhibition estimated 10 days after the third cell injection ranged from 32% (for animals treated with BM-DC/TAg cells) to 76% (for animals treated with BM-DC/T4+TAg cells) over the tumor-bearing untreated control mice. The obtained data indicate that in vitro interactions between T4 phages and BM-DCs followed by TAg activation caused augmentation of the anti-tumor effect when DCs were used as a vaccine for tumor-bearing mice treatment. Therefore, pretreatment of DCs with the phages may be considered as a beneficial element of a novel strategy in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Bacteriophages support anti-tumor response initiated by DC-based vaccine against murine transplantable colon carcinoma. 1816 33

The effects of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP) on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line derived from a human colon carcinoma, were investigated. Previous studies have shown that the wastewater constituents nonylphenol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce the overexpression of specific proteins (galectin-3, glutathione S-transferase A2 subunit, peroxiredoxin-1, and heat shock protein 90, beta (HSP90b)). In this study, the first screening of EWWTP was carried out using the HSP47-transformed cell assay, which is a highly sensitive toxicity assay. From the results of proteomics analysis of human intestinal Caco-2 cells treated with EWWTP, we found the overexpression of specific proteins, namely, elongation factor 1beta and enolase 1. These results suggest that specific proteins can be used as biomarkers for the risk assessment of water and wastewater.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity assessment of wastewater by proteomics analysis. 1838 13

Three new cyclohexadepsipeptides, arenamides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine bacterial strain identified as Salinispora arenicola. The planar structures of these compounds were assigned by detailed interpretation of NMR and MS/MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the amino acids, and those of the chiral centers on the side chain, were established by application of the Marfey and modified Mosher methods. The effect of arenamides A and B on NFkappaB activity was studied with stably transfected 293/NFkappaB-Luc human embryonic kidney cells induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Arenamides A (1) and B (2) blocked TNF-induced activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 3.7 and 1.7 microM, respectively. In addition, the compounds inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moderate cytotoxicity was observed with the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116, but no cytotoxic effect was noted with cultured RAW cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the chemoprevention and anti-inflammatory characteristics of arenamides A and B warrant further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Arenamides A-C, cytotoxic NFkappaB inhibitors from the marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola. 1911 99

We investigated anti-inflammatory effects of two coumarins, columbianetin (A) and libanoridin (B), isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Treatment with compound B inhibited the protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells, but compound A did not. Also, compound B had a higher inhibitory effect on production of cytokines such as IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells than those of compound A. Furthermore, we confirmed that LPS-induced transcription activity of NF-kappaB was inhibited by compound B. As a result of this study, compound B can be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
 ...
PMID:Anti-inflammatory effect of coumarins isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. 1950 Jun 35

Glucuronidation is an important metabolic process of detoxification in all vertebrates. The reaction is catalyzed by a multigene family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) able to convert many xenobiotics and endobiotics (hydrophobic substances) to inactive, water-soluble glucuronides. The UGTs play a protective role, facilitating the elimination of potentially toxic metabolites via urine, bile and feces; therefore, impairment of UGTs may have important toxicological consequences. The regulation of UGTs during bacterial infection or inflammation is not well described. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of the UGT1A6 isoform in human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells. Results demonstrated a significant down-regulation of UGT1A6 expression, both in terms of mRNA and protein levels, and a reduced UGT activity after LPS exposure of cell cultures, suggesting a role for endotoxins on UGT regulation mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 isoform in Caco-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. 1971 Jan

Biosynthesis of the prostaglandin endoperoxide by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is accompanied by formation of a small amount of 11R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 15R-HETE, and 15S-HETE as by-products. Acetylation of COX-2 by aspirin abrogates prostaglandin synthesis and triggers formation of 15R-HETE as the sole product of oxygenation of arachidonic acid. Here, we investigated the formation of by-products of the transformation of 5S-HETE by native COX-2 and by aspirin-acetylated COX-2 using HPLC-ultraviolet, GC-MS, and LC-MS analysis. 5S,15S- dihydroxy (di)HETE, 5S,15R-diHETE, and 5S,11R-diHETE were identified as by-products of native COX-2, in addition to the previously described di-endoperoxide (5S,15S-dihydroxy-9S,11R,8S,12S-diperoxy-6E,13E-eicosadienoic acid) as the major oxygenation product. 5S,15R-diHETE was the only product formed by aspirin-acetylated COX-2. Both 5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE were detected in CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells as well as in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells incubated with 5S-HETE, and their formation was attenuated in the presence of the COX-2 specific inhibitor, NS-398. Aspirin-treated CT26 cells gave 5,15-diHETE as the most prominent product formed from 5S-HETE. 5S,15S-diHETE has been described as a product of the cross-over of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 15-LOX activities in elicited rat mononuclear cells and human leukocytes, and our studies implicate cross-over of the 5-LOX and COX-2 pathways as an additional biosynthetic route.
 ...
PMID:Identification and absolute configuration of dihydroxy-arachidonic acids formed by oxygenation of 5S-HETE by native and aspirin-acetylated COX-2. 1975 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>