Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Functional and morphologic studies were performed on the lymphoid organs of inbred CBA/J mice receiving chronic casein administration. In the spleen, this regimen produces marked reticuloendothelial proliferation between 8 and 16 injections (preamyloid phase) and amyloid deposition between 16 and 24 injections. No amyloid was found in the thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of these animals. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A lymphocyte responses as measured by 3-H-thymidine incorporation were reduced in the spleen and lymph node of preamyloid animals but demonstrated partial recovery during the amyloid phase. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation of thymic cells was significantly increased during both stages of amyloid induction, although the histologic studies revealed a marked involution of the thymic cortex. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of spleen cells was normal in preamyloid and amyloid animals whereas in lymph node and bone marrow lipopolysaccharide responses were significantly decreased. The findings suggest a selective removal of subsets of T cell populations in the spleen and thymus and migration of B cells from bone marrow to the spleen during experimental amyloidosis.
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PMID:Casein-induced experimental amyloidosis. V. The response of lymphoid organs to T and B mitogens. 4 56

Rabbit Ig against human beta2-microglobulin was found to be mitogenic for human peripheral lymphocytes, tonsil lymphocytes, and appendix and spleen cells. Anti-beta2-m gave increased DNA synthesis, with peak responses on day 3 or 4 and showed a dose-response effect when diluted. The effect was seen in both serum-free and serum-containing culture medium. Anti-beta2-m, as well as lipopolysaccharide, induced polyclonal antibody production and intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis in blast cells, which is taken as evidence that these substances are human B-cell mitogens. Anti-beta2-m, but not lipopolysaccharide, could, in these experiments, activate peripheral blood lymphocytes, in addition to lymphoid cells from other sources. Thus, anti-beta2-m can serve as a functional marker for peripheral human B lymphocytes.
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PMID:B-cell mitogenic effects on human lymphocytes of rabbit anti-human beta 2-microglobulin. 4 20

Thymus of (C57Bl/6 x DBA/2) F1 mice was examined histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, seven days after intravenous injection of BCG, pertussis vaccine, lipopolysaccharide or human gamma globulin, or intraperitoneal injection of complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants or of phytohemagglutinin. Only BCG induced a marked increase of the secretory activity of the thymic epithelium at all histological sites (cortex, corticomedullary junction and medullar). Only with this adjuvant was the epithelial hyperplasia associated with marked mitotic activity and high percentage of cells with cytoplasmic pyroninophilia among cortical lymphoid cells. The other substances tested produced different changes in the thymic epithelial cells according to the histologic zones. These results suggest that the epithelial cells of the cortex, the corticomedullary junction and the medulla respond differently to the agents tested and that the action of these substances upon thymus-dependent lymphoid cells may be indirect perhaps involving factors secreted by the epithelial cells.
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PMID:The effects of certain immunity systemic advuvants, PHA, and human gamma globulin on the thymic cortex of mice: a light and electron microscope study. 6 71

The biologic activity of normal immunosuppressive protein (NIP) isolated from human plasma was studied. NIP was found to inhibit the proliferation of both T and B lympohcytes in vitro. It suppressed the DNA synthesis of normal mouse lymphocytes responding to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, as well as the [3H]Thymidine and [3H]leucine uptake by T and B lymphoid cell lines of human and murine origin. The lymphoid specificity of NIP was demonstrated by showing that DNA and protein synthesis of normal and transformed fibroblasts and other nonlympohid cell lines was not affected by NIP treatment. Furthermore, by using lymphoid cell lines we were able to show that 1) NIP inhibits the process of ongoing DNA and protein synthesis; 2) the duration of the cells' exposure to NIP is crucial for obtaining optimal effect; and 3) the inhibitory effect of NIP is totally reversible.
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PMID:Normal immunosuppressive protein: in vitro inhibition of DNA synthesis in T and B lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. 9 92

Products of leukocytes were found to activate cultures of keratocytes, manifested by the increased incorporation of thymidine or leucine. The keratocyte activation capacity crosses the species barriers between rabbit, monkey, and human. The level of secreted keratocyte-activating factor(s) (KAF) depends on the stimulation of the leukocytes. Thus unstimulated rabbit leukocytes produced very little or no KAF, whereas significant levels were produced by leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A. High levels of KAF were also found in supernatants of human mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPS. The effects of the activated leukocyte supernatants on keratocyte metabolism resembled the increased metabolic activity induced by the fibroblast and epidermal growth factors. The relationship between KAF and a possible modulating role of the products of lymphoid cells on corneal wound healing is suggested.
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PMID:Stimulation of keratocyte metabolism by products of lymphoid cells. 10 22

Human appendix lymphoid cells (HAL) react very strongly to stimulation with concanavalin A, strongly to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, and weakly but definitely to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. From the results of rosette formation assay, cytotoxicity tests with anti-T cell antiserum or anti-B cell antiserum, cell surface or intracellular immunoglobulin staining with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-Fab of human immunoglobulin serum, and plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay, it was concluded that human appendix lymphoid tissue is a B cell pool but includes T cells. However, both direct and indirect PFC could not be significantly demonstrated against sheep red blood cells in a 5-day HAL culture.
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PMID:B and T cells in lymphoid tissues of human appendix. 13 9

The precise relationship between the stem cells for the lymphoid system and those for the blood-forming system is unclear. While it is generally assumed that the hemopoietic stem cell, the spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S), is also the stem cell for the lymphoid system, there is little evidence for this hypothesis. To investigate the stem cells in these two systems, we irradiated bone marrow cells to induce unique chromosome aberrations in the stem cell population and injected them at limiting dilution into stem cell-deficient recipients. Several months (between 3 and 11) were allowed for the injected cells to repopulate the hemopoietic system. At that time, the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus were examined for a high frequency of cells having the same unique chromosome aberration. The presence of such markers shows that the marker was induced in a cell with extensive proliferative capacity, i.e., a stem cell. In addition, the splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to search for unique chromosomes in dividing T and B cells, respectively. Finally, bone marrow cells were injected into secondary irradiated recipients to determine if the marker occurred in CFU-S and to determine whether or not the same tissue distributions of marked cells could be propogated by bone marrow cells in a second recipient. After examination of 28 primary recipients, it was possible to identify three unique patterns of stem cell regeneration. In one set of mice, a unique chromosome marker was observed in CFU-S and in PHA- and LPS-stimulated cultures. These mice provide direct evidence for a pluripotent stem cell in bone marrow. In addition, two restricted stem cells were identified by this analysis. In three recipients, abnormal karyotypes were found only in myeloid cells and not in B and T lymphocytes. These mice presumably received a marked stem cell restricted to differentiate only into myeloid progeny. In three other recipients, chromosome aberrations were found only in PHA-stimulated cells; CFU-S and cells from LPS cultures did not have cells with the unique chromosome. This pattern suggests that bone marrow contains cells committed to differentiation only into T lymphocytes. For each of the three types of stem cells, secondary recipients had the same cellular distribution of marked cells as the primary recipients. This observation provides further evidence that unique markers can be induced in both pluripotent and restricted stem cells.
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PMID:The identification in adult bone marrow of pluripotent and restricted stem cells of the myeloid and lymphoid systems. 14 Sep 17

After infection in utero or at birth with a cell culture adapted strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), several mouse strains developed a latent virus infection in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. Up to 5 mo after infection, MCMV could be activated and recovered from spleen lymphocytes of the infected animals that were co-cultivated with histoincompatible (H-2 foreign) mouse embryo cells from uninfected animals. In contrast, co-cultivation of lymphoid cells from infected mice with mouse embryo cells from syngeneic, histocompatible (H-2 similar) donors did not activate MCMV. Similarly, MCMV was not recovered from sonicated lymphoid cells. Virus was activated by treating viable lymphoid cells with lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen, but was not activated by a variety of other mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen. Subsequent purification of lymphoid cells from the infected mice by a variety of techniques indicated that MCMV was harbored in the B-lymphocyte population.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of of cytomegalovirus infection. I. Activation of virus from bone marrow-derived lymphocytes by in vitro allogenic reaction. 16 87

Murine lymphoid cells were infected in vitro with WN 1802 B, a naturally occurring murine leukemia virus isolated from the spleen of an 18-month-old BALB/c mouse. Normal spleen and bone marrow cells were more susceptible to infection than were cells prepared from thymus and lymph node. Spleen cells from athymic nu/nu mice also could be readily infected with virus. Permissive cells did not ingest iron readily infected with virus. Permissive cells did not ingest iron filings and did not adhere to plastic. Exogenous replication of murine leukemia virus was enhanced in spleen and lymph node cells treated with lipopolysaccharide, a bone marrow-derived lymphocyte mitogen. Conversely, cells treated with the thymus-derived lymphocyte cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, were less capable of supporting murine leukemia virus replication. These studies suggest that the natural host for WN 1802 B is the bone marrow-derived lymphocyte.
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PMID:Replication of murine leukemia virus in bone marrow-derived lymphocytes. 18 25

We have labeled exposed surface glycoproteins of mouse lymphoid cells by the galactose oxidase-tritated sodium borohydride technique. The labeled glyco-proteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by autoradiography (fluorography). The major thymocyte surface proteins have molecular weights of 170,000 and 125,000. Thymocytes from TL antigen-positive mouse strains showed an additional band with a molecular weight of 27,000. Highly purified T lymphocytes contain two major surface glycoproteins with molecular weights of 180,000 and 125,000. Purified B lymphocytes have one major surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 210,000. When T lymphocytes are stimulated in vitro by concanavalin A or phytohemag-glutinin, the major proteins characteristic of T cells are relatively weakly labeled, but new components of lower molecular weights appear on the cell surface. A similar change is seen in B lymphocytes stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. T lymphoblasts isolated from mixed lymphocyte cultures show a slightly different surface glycoprotein pattern. A polypeptide with a molecular weight of 57,000, which was labeled without enzymatic treatment by tritiated sodium borohydride alone, is strongly labeled in proliferating cells.
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PMID:Characterization of surface glycoproteins of mouse lymphoid cells. 19 30


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