Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over 70% of rhesus monkey peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated on sodium metrizoate-ficoll gradients with greater than 98% purity. Rhesus blood contained 47.8% active E, 58.2% total E, and 30.2% EAC rosette forming cells. Optimal conditions for mitogen studies were determined using phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide and streptolysin O.
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PMID:Lymphocyte isolation, rosette formation, and mitogen stimulation in Rhesus monkeys. 9 37

T- and B-lymphocyte markers were studied in cord blood cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide B (LPS). Cells cultured with leucoagglutinin (LA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were used as controls. LPS-induced lymphoblasts were negative for surface Ig, positive for intracellular Ig and did not form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). LA-activated cells formed rosettes with SRBC, while PWM cultures showed a varying proportion of surface Ig-positive or SRBC rosetting cells, dependent on the time of culture. About 50% of both LA- and LPS-activated lymphoblasts formed EA rosettes (specific for Fc receptors) and EAC rosettes (specific for complement receptors). The response of foetal cells to LPS was reduced when lymphocytes obtained from Isopaque-Ficoll gradients were passed through nylon wool columns, whereas this procedure led to an increased response to LA. Thus LPS-activated foetal leucocytes are B lymphocytes expressing intracellular but not surface Ig.
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PMID:Cell surface markers in cord blood leucocytes after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide B. 31 Feb 36

Heterologous anti-immunoglobulin (AI) is a potent immunosuppressive agent which compares favorably to anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) in inhibiting E and EAC-rosette formation and diminishing the secondary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. AI prolongs H-2 incompatible skin allograft survival than either antiserum used alone, without evidence of toxicity to recipient mice. AI does not cause significant immune complex glomerular or renovascular deposition and may act by interference with antigen binding.
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PMID:Prolongation of allograft survival by combination therapy with anti-thymocyte serum and anti-immunoglobulin. 78 50

Lymphocytes from twenty-five patients with atopic dermatitis were investigated for their in vitro reactivity to stimulation with tuberculin (PPD), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The response to a low dose of Con A was increased, and the reactivity in unstimulated cultures tended to be lower than similar cultures from the control group. Addition of inactivated autologous plasma to the cultures had an inhibitory effect, when the plasma came from patients with high levels of IgE. The patients' in vitro reactivity to PPD in a leucocyte migration test was equal to that found in normal persons and no effect was observed after addition of autologous serum. The mean percentage of E rosette forming cells was significantly reduced in patients with high levels of IgE. The number of EAC rosette forming cells was within normal range. It is hypothesized that the observations could reflect the existence of suppressor mechanisms in patients where the immune system is strongly stimulated.
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PMID:PPD and mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis. 84 45

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with an important role in immunity. We analyzed the effect of recombinant human IL-6 in combination with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit. D3) on differentiation of the human myeloid leukemic cell lines U937 and HL-60 with respect to alterations in antigen expression and functional activity. Of a panel of antigens analyzed, only CD11b (the alpha chain of CR3), and CD14 (a cell surface protein recognizing the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-lipopolysaccharide complex) had significantly increased expression. Expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), a ligand for LFA-1, was also found to be enhanced with a concomitant increase of ICAM-1 mRNA levels. Enhanced nonspecific esterase levels and induction of respiratory burst activity confirmed that cell differentiation was induced. Furthermore, IL-6 and Vit. D3 had a profound effect on functional activities, as shown by enhancement of rosetting between sheep erythrocytes, sensitized with C3bi (EAC), and either U937 or HL-60 cells. Also, phorbol myristate acetate-induced homotypic adhesion of U937, which is ICAM-1 dependent, was markedly induced by these agents. These results indicate an important role of IL-6 and Vit. D3 in myeloid cell function and development.
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PMID:Synergism of interleukin 6 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in induction of myeloid differentiation of human leukemic cell lines. 137 2

Due to the ubiquitous nature of airborne endotoxin, an understanding of pulmonary alterations which follow inhalation of environmentally realistic concentrations of purified bacteria derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is important. Using LPS derived from Enterobacter agglomerans, a bacterium found in cotton and cotton mill dust, aqueous aerosols (effective LPS concentration 4 micrograms/m3) were generated and used to expose either normal hamsters (N = 6) or those rendered endotoxin tolerant by pre-ip injection of 0.1 LD50 LPS. Control groups (normal--N = 6; tolerant--N = 6) received saline aerosol only. At 6 hr after 5-hr aerosol exposure, lungs of all animals were fixed, processed for light and transmission electron microscopy, and subject to qualitative and to multitiered morphometric analysis using standard point counting techniques. Qualitative evaluation of TEM micrographs from LPS aerosolized-nontolerant hamsters showed endothelial alteration (focal disruption, subendothelial space formation, and cytoplasmic blebbing) but volume and number of endothelial cells were not changed indicating only slight, focal endothelial damage. Quantitatively, septal capillary blood space in nontolerant, LPS aerosolized hamsters showed increased Vv of PMNs and platelets. These changes were not seen in tolerant induced-LPS aerosolized hamsters. Independent of tolerization treatment, LPS inhalation led to a decrease in fixed lung volume and an increase in numerical density of endothelial pinocytotic vesicles. It is concluded that the inhalation of realistic, environmental levels of bacterial endotoxin may induce significant changes in distal lung and may be important in the pathogenesis of byssinosis and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:Morphometric changes of the lung induced by inhaled bacterial endotoxin. 406 10

Thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with various mitogens and antigens. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin stimulated both purified T and B cells from patients with positive skin reactivity to purified protein derivative but did not stimulate nonimmune lymphocytes. Similarly, both T and B lymphocytes from patients with periodontal disease were stimulated to proliferate when incubated with dental plaque, whereas cells from normal individuals without gingivitis were unresponsive. In contrast, one component of plaque, bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide), minimally stimulated B lymphocytes from both normal or gingivitis patients. T lymphocytes from patients with periodontal disease were also stimulated by plaque antigen to produce chemotactic lymphokine activity (CTX) for human monocytes. B cells purified by the EAC rosetting method nonspecifically produced CTX without concomitant blastogenesis; however, after dissociation of adherent EAC these immune B cells did not spontaneously produce CTX. Lymphokine synthesis by B cells was not dependent on concomitant blastogenesis. Dissociated B cells from periodontitis patients also produced CTX activity after stimulation with dental plaque antigen. Therefore, both T and B lymphocytes, after stimulation with nonendotoxin antigenic components of plaque, proliferated and produced lymphokines, which are presumed to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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PMID:Blastogenesis and lymphokine synthesis by T and B lymphocytes from patients with periodontal disease. 454 44

Membrane complement receptors have been identified on a subpopulation of normal lymphocytes containing cytoplasmic inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) using two different rosetting techniques. The first technique utilizes as indicator cells erythrocytes that were coated with complement by the classic pathway of complement activation (EAC rosettes). The second technique utilizes as indicator cells Salmonella typhi, which were coated with complement by the alternate pathway of complement activation (FBC rosettes). In the latter technique, lipopolysaccharide material in the bacterial cell wall directly activates complement without the use of a sensitizing antibody. This eliminates binding of marker particles by lymphocytes having Fc receptors. The presence of PTA lymphocytes at the center of EAC rosettes and FBC rosettes was demonstrated by electron microscopy, indicating that the PTA lymphocyte has a complement receptor. Examination of FBC rosettes revealed that the adherent complement-coated bacteria were usually partially surrounded by pseudopodal extensions of the PTA lymphocyte. In addition, some PTA lymphocytes phagocytized the complement-coated bacteria but not the complement-inactivated bacteria. These phagocytic cells were placed in the lymphocytic series instead of the monocytic series by virtue of complete lack of endogenous peroxidase activity.
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PMID:Complement receptors on normal human lymphocytes containing parallel tubular arrays. 624 18

Guinea pig macrophage populations previously established to be either responsive or refractory to activation by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and Lotus fucolectin in the macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assay were further characterized for their MMI response to diverse effectors as correlated with their Fc and C3b receptor function. MIF-refractory populations were found to be uniformly unresponsive to the complement activators: bacterial lipopolysaccharide, cobra venom factor, zymosan, and immune complex. MIF-responsive macrophages were responsive to the same activators. Fc-mediated binding and phagocytosis of IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA) were markedly depressed in freshly harvested refractory macrophages as compared to responsive cells. Fc phagocytosis by refractory populations increased rapidly during 24-28 hr in vitro culture to levels equal to that of responsive cells which corresponded with an increase in their MMI response to MIF. Refractory macrophages also had decreased C3b receptor function as shown by reduced binding and phagocytosis of EAC or serum-coated zymosan and displayed a greater loss in C3b binding capacity than responsive cells during 48 hr in vitro culture. Trypsinization of responsive macrophages rendered them refractory in their MMI response to the various activators and selectively reversed C3b-dependent binding without effect on Fc binding. The plasmin esterase inhibitors, epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid, tranexamic acid, and L-lysine, previously established to reverse the MMI response to MIF, FBP, and C3 activators were found to inhibit both Fc- and C3-dependent phagocytosis. These results indicate that macrophage populations which are refractory to migration inhibition by MIF and C3 activators also have reduced Fc- and C3b-mediated phagocytic functions as compared to more mature responsive populations.
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PMID:Decreased Fc and C3 receptor function in macrophage populations which are refractory to migration inhibitory factor, C3 activators, and immune complex. 634 1

We investigated the effect of plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) on the different types of lymphocyte rosetting, and phagocytosis of polystyrene particles and culture Candida albicans by peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes. Lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes were isolated from the blood of patients with elevated immuno-status (n = 9), healthy donors (n = 21), and patients with reduced immuno-status (n = 21). The ability of Cp to decrease the number of lymphocytes forming E- and EAC-rosettes and rosettes with auto-erythrocytes was shown for both patients and healthy donors. The maximal decrease of the number of E-rosettes (by 35%) and EAC-rosettes (by 57%) was shown for lymphocytes of the patients with elevated immuno-status. Cp had an effect on rosetting only when lymphocytes were preincubated with it, suggesting that Cp binding to lymphocytes was responsible for these effects. The decrease in all types of rosetting caused by Cp was dose-related, with a maximum effect at physiological concentration of Cp (300 micrograms/ml). We demonstrated an enhancing effect of Cp on phagocytosis of Candida albicans and polystyrene particles by neutrophils (with a maximum enhancement by 180% for neutrophils of the patients with decreased immuno-status) and monocytes (with a maximum of 89% for monocytes of healthy donors). Cp enhances phagocytosis of neutrophils and monocytes by binding these cells, not by opsonizing ingested particles as a conventional opsonin (ie. lipopolysaccharide from E.coli). The stimulating effect of Cp on phagocytosis was three times higher than that of LPS from E.coli.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of ceruloplasmin on lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes of patients with altered immune status. 819 58


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