Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) in BCG-infected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior infection with BCG increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral CPS-K as well as to that of LPS. Associated with this, BCG-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by LPS but also by neutral CPS-K. In addition, a cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) was found to be released in the serum of BCG-infected mice after injection of these inducers. The kinetics of production of interferon and cytotoxin stimulated by neutral CPS-K were very similar to those stimulated by LPS. The time pattern of cytotoxin production was not in parallel with that of interferon production. Interferon reached a peak 2 hr and cytotoxin 3 hr after injection with these inducers. Interferon and cytotoxin produced by neutral CPS-K showed essentially the same stabilities to heating at 56 C and to treatment at pH 2 respectively as those produced by LPS. Interferon was inactivated by heating at 56 C more rapidly than cytotoxin. Cytotoxin was inactivated by treatment at pH 2 for 24 hr, whereas interferon activity was well preserved after this treatment. These results suggest that both activities are the result of different substances.
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PMID:Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Enhanced production of interferon and appearance of cytotoxin stimulated by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 4 Nov 63

An extract made from the supernatant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gc2 strain 1291 degraded the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen. Chemical analysis of this polysaccharide indicated it contains glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucosamine-6-phosphate, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyotonate, and ethanolamine and is the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. Degradation of the polysaccharide by sonic extracts resulted either in complete loss of antigenicity and immunogenicity or in partial degradation to subunits that could inhibit the Gc2-specific hemagglutination inhibition. The factors responsible for degradation were destroyed by heating at 100 degrees C for 5 min or by Pronase digestion, but were unaffected by ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, Mg2+, Ca2+, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The process was pH dependent, with optimal activity occurring at pH 7. Sonic extract supernatants from group B and C meningococcal strains contained degrading properties, whereas similar extracts produced from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae type II failed to degrade the Gc2 polysaccharide.
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PMID:Degradation of the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by gonococcal and meningococcal sonic extracts. 7 94

1. Protein extracts obtained from Salmonella minnesota Re mutant cells by treatment with EDTA/NaC1 solution contain a protein which exhibits high affinity to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The isolation and partial characterization of this lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is described. 2. The protein was purified from EDTA extracts by a two-step procedure consisting of ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5. The yield of the total purification procedure was around 16%. 3. The resulting protein preparation was homogeneous on the basis of disc gel electrophoresis, dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel and immunoelectrophoresis. 4. The isoelectric point of the protein was found to be 10.3 at 4 degrees C. Its molecular weight determined by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis is 15000. Its amino acid composition is characterized by the absence of histidine and proline, a low content in tyrosine and high amounts of alanine, lysine, aspartic and glutamic acid residues, or their respective amides. 5. The lipopolysaccharide-protein association was shown to be mainly due to ionic interactions of the basic protein with negatively charged groups (probably phosphate and pyrophosphate groups) of the lipid A moiety. 6. Purified lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is immunogenic in rabbits, thus enabling the preparation of specific antiserum. 7. The protein is located at the surface of Salmonella minnesota Re mutant cells as revealed by antiserum absorption with total bacteria. Ferritin-labelling studies further demonstrated that it is evenly spread over the entire cell surface. 8. Comparative antiserum absorption studies using smooth and rough strains of Salmonella minnesota, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Shigella revealed the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (or a serologically cross-reacting antigen) in most of the strains tested. From these results the protein can be considered as a common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae.
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PMID:A lipopolysaccharide-binding cell-surface protein from Salmonella minnesota. Isolation, partial characterization and occurrence in different Enterobacteriaceae. 11 33

The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) type 1, Kasuya strain, induces interferon production in the blood of mice when injected intravenously. CPS-K resembles bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in the time pattern of interferon production, with peak levels 2h after injection. CPS-K on a weight basis exhibits a more potent interferon-inducing effect than lipopolysaccharide. The active substance responsible for the interferon-inducing activity of CPS-K is the neutral CPS-K antigen which is antigenically distinct from the O antigen and from acidic CPS-K (the type-specific capsular antigen). Neutral CPS-K from the Kasuya strain has been already found to exhibit a strong adjuvant effect on antibody responses to various antigens in mice. Preparations of neutral CPS-K from other strains of K. pneumoniae, of which adjuvant action is only very weak, exhibit interferon-inducing activity similar to the preparation from the Kasuya strain. Heterologous and homologous tolerance to re-induction of interferon is produced by a prior injection (one each) of LPS, neutral CPS-K, and acidic CPS-K. No simple correlation exists between the inducing and tolerogenic capabilities of these substances.
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PMID:Interferon production in mice by the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 16 21

The adjuvant and immunostimulating activities of a glycoprotein preparation (GP) extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae have been studied. When injeted with an ovalbumin in incomplet Freund adjuvant emulsion, the GP induces delayed hypersensitivity to the antigen and increases the level of antibody developed. When it is injected before the antigen to C57Bl/6 mice, the GP provokes an increase of plaque forming cells, rosette forming cells, and antibody responses. With the doses that are used, no mechanism can be detected which could be due to an antigenic activity of the GP. The immunostimulating properties decribed cannot be due to a lipopolysaccharide since the preparation contains less than 1 p. 100 of endotoxin.
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PMID:[Immunostimulating activities in vivo of extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae]. 32 82

N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide) and certain derivatives that are structural analogs of part of the bacterial peptidoglycan monomer have been shown to be adjuvant active and to enhance the nonspecific immunity of adult mice infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the present study muramyl dipeptide and two other synthetic analogs were found to be active in newborn mice. This activity could be demonstrated after administration by subcutaneous or even by oral route. In contrast to what was observed after treatment by lipopolysaccharide, 8-day-old mice were definitively protected against bacterial challenge by these glycopeptides. Therefore such molecules could have a great value in view of studying and correcting the neonate's unresponsiveness.
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PMID:Enhancement of the neonate's nonspecific immunity to Klebsiella infection by muramyl dipeptide, a synthetic immunoadjuvant. 35 54

In a previous study we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide failed to elicit nonspecific resistance in C3H/He lipopolysaccharide low-responder mice against Klebsiella infection in contrast to its activity in a closely related histocompatible high-responder subline, C3HeB/Fe. Complete restoration of lipopolysaccharide-induced protection against 10(5) Klebsiella was obtained in the present study by transferring bone marrow from high-responder mice to the highly deficient C3H/He mice. The ability of C3H/He mice to clear and destroy bacteria in 5 h was also transferred by C3HeB/Fe marrow cells. In contrast, when high-responder C3HeB/Fe mice were reconstituted with low-responder bone marrow, the clearance and destruction of K. pneumoniae were similar to what is observed in the high-responder strain, but survival was only temporary. Collectively, our data show that the failure of C3H/He mice to respond to lipopolysaccharide with nonspecific immunity is due to a defect in two types of bone-marrow-derived cells--radioresistant and radiosensitive.
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PMID:Transfer by bone marrow cells of increased natural resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae induced by lipopolysaccharide in genetically deficient C3H/He mice. 37 12

The Limulus assay for bacterial endotoxin was performed on serum and (or) plasma from animals monoassociated with Clostridium species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Candida albicans. Plasma from animals monoassociated with the gram-negative bacteria or C. albicans consistently showed a positive Limulus test while conventional-flora controls, germfree rats, and gnotobiotic animals monoassociated with gram-positive bacteria or E. agglomerans were negative. Germfree and conventional rats were injected (intraperitoneal (i.p.)) with Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although no endotoxin was detectable in either group prior to the injection, by 1 h post injection endotoxin was in the plasma of all groups. The germfree rats appeared to clear the LPS quicker than their conventional-flora counterparts. Generally, LPS-injected rats (conventional and germfree) showed clumping and decreased number of platelets, a decrease in their lymphocyte counts, and increased polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts.
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PMID:Endotoxin in germfree, gnotobiotic, or conventional-flora Sprague-Dawley rats. 37 71

The time course of the occurrence of hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and of the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects was followed after infection with BCG in SMA and ICR strains of mice. The duration of these hyperreactivities of BCG-infected mice depended on the inoculum doses of BCG. The time patterns of the hyperreactivity to the lethal effects of neutral CPS-K and LPS were similar in both strains of mice, although the maximum toxicity of LPS by the intraperitoneal route in BCG-infected mice on a weight basis was stronger than that of neutral CPS-K. Irrespective of inducer and mouse strain, the time pattern of the hyperreactivity to produce cytotoxin was similar to that of the hyperreactivity to produce interferon. The patterns for these phenomena when neutral CPS-K was used as an inducer were also similar to those when LPS was used. In ICR mice the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to either neutral CPS-K or LPS decayed significantly earlier than the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects, whereas in SMA mice the occurrence of both types of hyperreactivities seemed to be associated. Therefore, it is suggested that the mechanism for the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to neutral CPS-K or LPS in BCG-infected mice is not necessarily the same as that for the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects.
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PMID:Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Influence of time after BCG inoculation on production of interferon and cytotoxin by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and on hyperreactivity to their lethal effects. 38 56

Antibody response and generation of immunological memory in chickens after stimulation by bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. A single intravenous injection of BSA induced a relatively high primary antibody response but failed to generate definite memory for the secondary antibody response. Variation in antigen dosage and the time interval between antigen injections did not affect significantly the levels of the primary and secondary antibody responses. The immunogenicity of deaggregated BSA in chickens was as potent as that of aggregated BSA. Soluble adjuvants such as the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enteritidis and cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited little enhancing effect on antibody response and memory. However, stimulation of chickens by BSA emulsified in Freund's adjuvant enhanced generation of memory. Repeated injection of BSA alone also showed a similar effect. It seems likely therefore that in chickens continous antigenic stimulation is required for generation of definite memory. From the present results it has been concluded that the characteristics of the immune response of chickens to BSA resemble those of mammals to T-independent antigens.
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PMID:Studies on the immune response in chickens I. Effect of various immunization procedures on the primary and secondary antibody responses to bovine serum albumin. 67 27


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