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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The O-antigenic polysaccharide of phenol-water extracted Salmonella typhimurium (O antigens 4, 12) lipopolysaccharide was enzymatically cleaved by phage P22 endorhamnosidase. An octasaccharide with the (formula: see text) structure Gal-Man-Rha-Gal-Man-Rha was isolated and shown to retain the O-antigen 4 specificity of the native polysaccharide. After oxidation of the terminal reducing rhamnose residue to the corresponding aldonic acid, the octasaccharide was covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (OLS-BSA) by use of a water-soluble carbodimide. The resulting conjugate showed O-antigen 4 specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ans passive hemagglutination inhibition tests. Immunization of rabbits with the OLS-BSA conjugate gave rise to antibodies directed toward both the octasaccharide and the carrier protein. ELISA titration with synthetic disaccharide-protein conjugates as antigens revealed that the antibody titer against the mannose-rhamnose structure was higher than against the abequose-mannose structure. In rabbits immunized with heat-killed whole bacteria the titers against the two disaccharides were equal. The reason for this difference is not obvious. It is evident, however, that the OLS-BSA conjugate elicited in rabbits O-antibodies with the same specificity as whole bacteria.
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PMID:Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-antigens: preparation of an octasaccharide-bovine serum albumin immunogen representative of Salmonella serogroup B O-antigen and characterization of the antibody response. 35 Oct 58

The lipoteichoic acids (LTA) of gram-positive bacteria are known to bind spontaneously to a variety of animal cell membranes. We investigated the biological and biochemical characteristics of the binding of LTA of Streptococcus pyogenes and S. faecalis to human and sheep erythrocytes. The kinetics of the binding of the radiolabeled LTA ([(3)H]LTA) from each of these organisms to erythrocytes was similar. The dissociation constants for sheep and adult human erythrocytes were 1.6 muM and 4.5 muM, respectively, whereas that of human cord blood erythrocytes was approximately 10-fold higher, 31 muM. The number of binding sites for sheep erythrocytes was calculated to be 7.2 x x 10(6) per cell, and that of human erythrocytes, 29 x 10(6) per cell. Binding was reversible. More than 50% of bound [(3)H]LTA was displaced from erythrocytes by a 50-fold excess of unlabeled LTA. LTA prepared from heterologous species of gram-positive bacteria were all inhibitory to the binding of [(3)H]LTA whether derived from S. pyogenes or from S. faecalis. Among a number of potential receptor analogues and other inhibitors tested, including serum albumin, gangliosides Gm(2) and Gm(3), lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, and various sugars, only albumin and the gangliosides significantly inhibited LTA binding. Trypsin or neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes had no effect on LTA binding. Deacylation of [(3)H]LTA abolished binding ability and binding was restored by esterification of the deacylated material with stearoyl chloride, indicating that ester-linked lipids are necessary for membrane binding.
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PMID:Erythrocyte binding properties of streptococcal lipoteichoic acids. 37 32

In a comparative study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using peroxidase labeled anti-rat immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G, and the passive hemagglutination test were applied to determine the primary and secondary antibody response to lipopolysaccharide and tetanus toxoid in rats. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antigens were bound to the wells of polystyrene microplates, tetanus toxoid directly, and lipopolysaccharide after complexing it with methylated bovine serum albumin. After incubation with dilutions of the rat sera, the amount of antibody bound to the solid phase was quantified by means of peroxidase-labeled anti-immunoglobulin. The specificity of the enzyme immunoassay was tested by absorption of the sera with their respective antigens. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay proved to be more sensitive than the hemagglutination reaction, except when titers were determined during the secondary response to tetanus toxoid. Besides its specificity and sensitivity, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a convenient method for measuring both immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies. At low serum dilutions of lipopolysaccharide antisera, inhibition of the reaction in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay occurred. This phenomenon could be prevented by heating the sera at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Lipopolysaccharide was immunogenic in rats over an extremely wide dose range (from 10 pg to 1 mg); the optimal immunogenic dose of lipopolysaccharide for young adult rats was 0.1 to 1,000 mug when administered intravenously, and that of tetanus toxoid was 5 to 10 lines of flocculation, as determined by the Ramon flocculation test.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and passive hemagglutination method for quantification of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and tetanus toxoid in rats. 38 Dec 1

An indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) method was used for diagnosis of infections caused by Salmonella enteritdis during an epidemic. Antiserum prepared against the synthetic disaccharide tyvelose 1 leads to alpha 3 D-mannose, representative of salmonella O antigen 9, covalently linked to bovine serum albumin, was used. Of 43 decal samples examined, 28 were positive for S. enteritidis by culture. IFL was applied (1) directly on fecal smears, (2) on enrichment broth cultures after incubation for 18-24 hr, and (3) on agar-grown colonies after incubation for 18-48 hr. The percentage of correctly identified Salmonella and the approximate gain of time for IFL as compared with conventional culture were 75% and 72 hr for (1), 89% and 48 hr for (2), and 100% and 24 hr for (3). Serum samples from 26 of the Salmonella-infected patients were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty-four (92%) of the 26 patients acquired elevated ELISA titers of antibody to lipopolysaccharide, representative of Salmonella serogroup D.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Salmonella infections: specificity of indirect immunofluorescence for rapid identification of Salmonella enteritidis and usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 39 37

The protective efficacy afforded by immunization with the capsular antigen of Bacteroides fragilis against abscess formation and bacteremia due to this organism was studied in an experimental rat model of intraabdominal sepsis. Of unimmunized animals, animals immunized with methylated bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant, and animals immunized with lipopolysaccharide of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, greater than 90% developed abscesses when challenged intraperitoneally with strains of B. fragilis or Bacteroides distasonis (given with an enterococcus) or with the cecal contents of meat-fed rats. In contrast, animals immunized with B. fragilis capsular polysaccharide, given with or without methylated bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant, and animals immunized with the outer membrane of B. fragilis strain 23745 were protected to a significant degree from abscesses caused by challenge with B. fragilis or B. distasonis. Such immunization had no overall effect on the development of abscesses in animals challenged with the entire cecal contents of meat-fed rats; however, B. fragilis was eliminated from the abscesses of these animals. Animals immunized with the capsular polysaccharide were protected from early B. fragilis bacteremia.
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PMID:Protective efficacy of immunization with capsular antigen against experimental infection with Bacteroides fragilis. 52 89

Antibody response and generation of immunological memory in chickens after stimulation by bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. A single intravenous injection of BSA induced a relatively high primary antibody response but failed to generate definite memory for the secondary antibody response. Variation in antigen dosage and the time interval between antigen injections did not affect significantly the levels of the primary and secondary antibody responses. The immunogenicity of deaggregated BSA in chickens was as potent as that of aggregated BSA. Soluble adjuvants such as the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enteritidis and cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited little enhancing effect on antibody response and memory. However, stimulation of chickens by BSA emulsified in Freund's adjuvant enhanced generation of memory. Repeated injection of BSA alone also showed a similar effect. It seems likely therefore that in chickens continous antigenic stimulation is required for generation of definite memory. From the present results it has been concluded that the characteristics of the immune response of chickens to BSA resemble those of mammals to T-independent antigens.
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PMID:Studies on the immune response in chickens I. Effect of various immunization procedures on the primary and secondary antibody responses to bovine serum albumin. 67 27

Spleen cells from mice pretreated with a Trichinella spiralis extract (TsE-mice) showed severe depression of the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to concanavalin A (Con A), slight depression to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and normal response to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) as compared to saline-pretreated controls. Mice pretreated with bovine serum albumin (BSA-mice) revealed greatly reduced responses to LPS, somewhat reduced response to Con A, and normal responses to PHA and to PPD. Only TsE-mice showed significant reduction in the number of rosette-forming cells and of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells (DPFC and IPFC). BSA-mice exhibited some reduction of the DPFC only. Direct hemagglutinating (HA) titers were equivalent in the 3 groups after immunization with sheep erythrocytes but facilitated HA titers were depressed in TsE-mice. The total number and the number of viable cells were similar in the spleens of all animals. TsE treatment causes a reduction in the number of T1 lymphocytes and an inhibition of the late differentiation of B cells in the spleen. Suppressor T-cells apparently play a major but not exclusive role in T. spiralis-induced nonspecific immunodepression.
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PMID:Modification of immune competence by parasitic infections. I. Responses to mitogens and antigens in mice treated with Trichinella spiralis extract. 68 66

Injection of endotoxins (bacterial lipopolysaccharide: LPS) several days prior to immunization causes the suppression of antibody response. The supressive effects of several kinds of LPS preparations on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) antibody response in the spleen of mice were examined after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Glycolipids obtained from heptoseless mutants(Reform) of salmonella or its lipid A preparation coupled artificially with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are capable, like LPSobtained from a wild type (S form) strain, of inducing suppressionson of the PFC response, while alkaline-detoxified LPS can not. The refractory periods of the PFC response induced by LPS injection last only a few days. However, the use of cyclophosphamide (CY) together with LPS can extend the refractory periods of antigenic stimulation for several weeks. Injections of LPS andCY can also induce unresponsive states of OH agglutinin antibody response to antigenic stimulation with formalin-killed organisms of Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis (presumably both thymus-independent antigens). These unresponsive states induced by LPS and CY are easily terminated by a transfer of syngeneic bone marrow cells but not by thymocyte transfer.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on antibody response. 77 51

McIntire and al. have observed that a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from E. coli could be detoxified by succinylation or phtalylation and remained capable of enhancing the immune respose to serum albumins. The data reported here confirm that several LPS preparations after treatment by phtalylation retained their adjuvant activity when injected with bovine serum albumin or influenza vaccine. Yet their toxicity (as measured in adrenalectomized mice) was at least 10 000-fold smaller. Furthermore it was observed that after phtalylation LPS could still induce blastic transformation of murine B-derived lymphocytes. Thus it was possible to dissociate the toxicity of LPS from both its adjuvant and mitogentic activities.
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PMID:[Adjuvant and mitogenic effects of detoxified lipopolysaccharides]. 81 94

Removal of adherent cells or complement-mediated killing of rabbit thymus lymphocyte antigen (BTLA) bearing rabbit T lymphocytes did not abolish the responsiveness (increased thymidine incorporation) of lymphoid cells to antibody against immunoglobulin allotype, Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM), pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII (PPSIII), S. abortus lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipid A conjugated to bovine serum albumin and a crude preparation containing C polysaccharide from the cell wall of Diplococcus pneumoniae. Isologous and heterologous antisera, directed against different portions of the Ig receptor, differed in their capacity to enhance thymidine incorporation. The difference in mitogenicity of these antisera was discussed in terms of the accessibility of cell-bound immunoglobulin receptor sites. Spleen cells, responsive to anti-allotype (Ab4) antiserum and B-cell mitogens, NWSM and PPSIII, were characterized by velocity sedimentation. The mean volume of NWSM- and PPSIII-responsive cells was larger than that of the cells responsive to anti-allotype antiserum. Fractionation of spleen cells on glass bead columns yielded a population of non-adherent cells which were two to six times as responsive to anti-Ab4 antiserum as the original spleen cell suspension. The responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to anti-Ab4 antiserum was significantly greater than that of spleen cells. On the other hand, spleen cells were more responsive to PPSIII than were cells from the peripheral blood, the popliteal and the mesenteric lymph nodes.
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PMID:Rabbit lymphoid cells. II. Anti-allotype antisera, lipopolysaccharide and other bacterial and fungal mitogens as probes for the identification of B-cell subpopulations. 108 19


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