Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present paper the ability of Gc-globulin and transferrin to bind endotoxin of Escherichia coli 0 111: B 4 is demonstrated. This conclusion is based on four lines of evidence. By affinity chromatography using lipopolysaccharide of E. coli 0 111: B 4 two endotoxin-binding proteins of serum were identified, showing an apparent molecular weight of 77,000 and 51,000, respectively. If serum samples preincubated with the tritiated endotoxin form have undergone isoelectric focusing under non-denaturing conditions one radioactive peak appears which coincides with the precipitate obtained by immunoelectrophoresis against anti-human Gc-globulin and anti-human transferrin. Radioimmunoprecipitation experiments of serum showed that tritiated endotoxin of E. coli 0 111: B 4 was only found in the precipitate obtained with anti-Gc-globulin, antitransferrin, and polyvalent antiserum against human serum. By isoelectric focusing of purified proteins 3H-lipopolysaccharide of E. coli 0 111: B 4 was only found associated with human Gc-globulin and transferrin.
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PMID:Evidence for endotoxin binding capacity of human Gc-globulin and transferrin. 355 89

A lupus-like disease characterized by a severe immune complex glomerulonephritis and IgG autoantibody production was induced in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice by injection of parental DBA/2 lymphoid cells. The ensuing graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction resulted in a 10- and a 100-fold increase in serum IgG antibody levels to denatured DNA and total histones, respectively, compared with that in F1----F1 control mice. The level of anti-DNA antibodies peaked 2 wk after injection of DBA/2 cells and preceded peak anti-histone levels by approximately 2 wk. Anti-histone antibodies were generated predominantly to histones H1, H2A, and H2B, a profile different from that observed in NZB/NZW and MRL-lpr/lpr mice. The marked increase in IgG antinuclear antibodies did not correlate with increases in total IgG serum levels and was not associated with comparable increases in antibodies to transferrin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, or thyroglobulin. Selective autoantibody production was also observed in vitro, wherein GVH spleen cells produced high levels of IgG antibodies to total histones and denatured DNA but not to these non-nuclear protein antigens. In contrast, spleen cells stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide produced equivalent amounts of antibodies to all antigens tested. Our results are in agreement with those of other investigators and collectively suggest that IgG autoantibodies in GVH disease, and possibly in spontaneous lupus-like disease, are not secondary to a generalized B cell activation, but may be selectively generated in response to self antigens with unique configurational properties.
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PMID:Autoimmunization in murine graft-vs-host disease. I. Selective production of antibodies to histones and DNA. 387 58

The growth of tubercle bacilli in serum samples of untreated animals depends upon the availability of ionic iron which serves as a growth factor in supporting bacillary multiplication. The amount of available iron in serum is determined by the ratio between iron-saturated and iron-free transferrin; a low value for the ratio is associated with tuberculostasis (e.g., human serum, 0.4), whereas a high value is associated with the growth-supporting quality (e.g., guinea pig serum, 5.6). The treatment of guinea pigs with lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli or tuberculous cell wall material consistently and significantly reduced serum iron levels; a similar but less striking effect was observed in BCG-vaccinated animals. Pronounced differences were observed in the time of appearance and duration of serum hypoferremia; in lipopolysaccharide-treated animals, it appeared in 1 day and lasted for several days, whereas in BCG-vaccinated animals it appeared in about 2 weeks and lasted for much longer time periods. The induced hypoferremia was always associated with the concomitant development of serum tuberculostasis which could be neutralized by the addition of iron. These results indicate, therefore, that the mechanism of induced serum tuberculostasis in lipopolysaccharide- or tuberculous cell wall-treated and BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs is the same as that present in tuberculostatic sera of untreated animals.
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PMID:Mechanism of tuberculostasis in mammalian serum. II. Induction of serum tuberculostasis in guinea pigs. 489 10

We have used a monoclonal antibody (Mab) to the interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor as well as a Mab to the transferrin receptor to analyze the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the induction and expression of these activation antigens on mitogen-stimulated murine T and B lymphocytes. The same concentration (0.25 microgram/ml) of CsA that produced optimal inhibition of the T cell proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) was also very effective at inhibiting IL 2 production and the induction of IL 2 responsiveness, as well as the expression of the IL 2 and transferrin receptors when measured 72 hr after mitogen activation. Surprisingly, CsA only minimally inhibited expression of these receptors 24 hr after the addition of mitogen; however, T cell blasts recovered from these cultures failed to respond to IL 2 even though IL 2 receptor expression was only modestly decreased. These results suggest that inhibition of the maturation of receptor expression is secondary to an early effect of CsA in blocking the induction of IL 2 responsiveness or to an arrest in the sequence of events required for maturation of T cells that bear high densities of these receptors. In contrast to the results observed with T lymphocytes, CsA had no effect on the B cell proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or on the induction of the IL 2 and transferrin receptors on activated B lymphocytes.
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PMID:Differential effect of cyclosporin A on the expression of T and B lymphocyte activation antigens. 632 23

Previous studies have demonstrated that C3b stimulates the release of prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 from human monocytes in serum-free cultures. We have examined the influence of serum on this phenomenon, and have found that addition of normal human serum or fetal calf serum to such cultures at concentrations of 0.1-5.0% results in enhanced release of both eicosanoids in C3b-stimulated cultures, while release in control cultures is unaffected or, in many cases, inhibited. Addition of human serum albumin or transferrin to serum-free cultures is not sufficient to mimic the serum effect. Fetal calf and normal human sera increase the efficacy of C3b in stimulating release of both prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 at all but the lowest doses tested, but fail to significantly alter the kinetics or release or the acquired unresponsiveness of monocytes to C3b that occurs following culture periods of greater than 24 h. By preincubation of purified C3b in normal human serum, it can be shown that such serum degrades C3b stimulatory activity, but at a rate that is slow enough to permit expression of its activity when added at the beginning of the culture period. In contrast, the stimulatory activity of E. coli lipopolysaccharide is unaffected by pretreatment with serum. Thus, in contrast to the inhibitory effect of serum on the activity of C3 fragments in in vitro assays of certain mononuclear cell functions such as lymphocyte transformation and antibody production, serum enhances the ability of C3b to stimulate monocyte prostaglandin release.
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PMID:Effects of serum on C3b-stimulated release of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 from human monocytes. 651 67

Splenic lymphocytes from iron deficient C57BL/6 mice gave smaller proliferative responses to T and B cell mitogens than those from either the control of pair-fed mice. The addition of hemin to the culture medium partially restored the responses to Con A and phytohemagglutinin but not to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in unfractionated spleen cells and enriched T cell fractions. The responses of lymphocytes from the control and pair-fed mice were either unchanged or decreased. Hemin restored the blastogenic response to Con A more efficiently than to phytohemagglutinin. The blastogenic responses were increased linearly with increasing doses of hemin. Ferric chloride and iron saturated mouse transferrin did not restore the response to either Con A or lipopolysaccharide. However, both transferrin and ferric chloride partially restored the response to phytohemagglutinin. The possible mechanism of selective restoration of blastogenesis by hemin, transferrin, and ferric chloride in iron-deficient T lymphocytes is discussed.
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PMID:Impairment of blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes from iron-deficient mice. In vitro repletion by hemin, transferrin, and ferric chloride. 660 54

Previous work has shown that antibody and transferrin, acting together, exert a bacteriostatic effect on certain pathogenic Escherichia coli. This effect may be due to the ability of the antibody to interfere with the release of the iron chelator, enterochelin, from the bacterial cell. Enterochelin is essential for the transport of iron from transferrin to the bacterial cell. The nature of the bacterial antigen against which the antibody is directed has now been determined by means of adsorption experiments. It was found that absorption of serum either with hear-killed cells of E. coli O111 or with Boivin antigen abolished the bacteriostatic effect. A monosaccharide, which proved to be colitose (3,6-dideoxy-L-galactose), was isolated after acetic acid hydrolysis of the Boivin antigen. Colitose is the terminal monosaccharide of the O-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli O111. This monosaccharide abolished the bacteriostatic effect of both whole serum and mixtures of antibody and iron-binding proteins. When administered by the intraperitoneal route, it reduced the resistance of mice to subsequent infection with E. coli O111. This ability of colitose to interfere with antibacterial mechanisms is in accord with published immunochemical studies.
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PMID:Bacteriostatic effect of serum: role of antibody to lipopolysaccharide. 699 11

Clones of myeloid leukemic cells varying in their competence for induction of differentiation have been continuously grown in serum-free medium. In the medium used, which contained transferrin, the growth rates of these cells were nearly similar to those found in serum-containing medium. The clones also maintained in this medium their competence for induction of differentiation by the normal macrophage and granulocyte differentiation-induction protein MGI-2, the steroid dexamethasone, and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to the results with these inducters, some clones continuously cultured in a serum-free medium showed a gain of inducibility by insulin and another clone a gain of inducibility by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in low serum and serum-free medium. Induction of differentiation by these two compounds was therefore inhibited in these clones by the presence of serum. It is suggested that serum-free medium may also show the existence of other inducers of differentiation not detected in serum-containing medium and that these results are relevant to the possible therapeutic use of compounds such as insulin for the induction of normal differentiation in leukemic cells in vivo.
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PMID:Cell competence for industion of differentiation by insulin and other compounds in myeloid leukemic clones continuously cultured in serum-free medium. 704 51

Incorporation of [14C]-thymidine into mouse lymph node cells stimulated with either Con-canavalin A or lipopolysaccharide in serum-free medium was markedly enhanced by the addition of transferrin. Thymidine incorporation was similar in transferrin-containing serum-free medium and in medium containing 5% foetal calf serum. Transferrins from both homologous and heterologous species were equally effective, but iron-binding half-molecules of transferrin, and low molecular weight iron chelates produced no enhancement. The optimal response was obtained with 10--50 micrograms/ml of transferrin, and with 30%--70% iron saturation. Although the major function of transferrin in lymphocyte cultures is probably to supply iron, it may also fulfil other functions.
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PMID:The effect of iron and transferrin on the response of serum-free cultures of mouse lymphocytes to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. 725 Oct 59

Extracellular iron-binding proteins function in iron transport, iron scavenging and bactericidal activity. To determine whether the levels of chicken iron-binding proteins are altered during an immune challenge, young broiler chicks and 40-week-old hens were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum transferrin and liver mRNA for serum transferrin increased at 24 hr after injection. Increased levels of serum transferrin and hepatic mRNA for serum transferrin define chicken serum transferrin as an acute-phase protein. Magnum mRNA for ovotransferrin decreased 24 hr after the immune challenge in hens. Hens had also stopped ovulating, suggesting that synthesis of all egg proteins was decreased.
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PMID:Serotransferrin, ovotransferrin and metallothionein levels during an immune response in chickens. 752 29


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